词素+词

语言结构的层次性：
语法层面：词素、词、词组、分句、句子；
语篇层面：句子、语段、语篇；

词素

image

粘附词素-词缀

前缀： postwar coexist
后缀：movement careless carelessness
前后缀：unlucky coexistence
否定前缀：in-(inactive) im-(imperfect) il-(illogical) ir-(irresponsible)

粘附词素-组合形式

arch- auto- -graph micro- multi- -phone -ceive -dict
archenemy receive prediction

词

简单词（单词素词）

at by in on up down far near foot make

派生词

词根加不同词缀，大多数前缀不影响词根的词性，仅进行修饰，表示否定、相反、贬义、向背、程度、时间、方位等
否定：un- non- in- dis- unfair unhappy nonsmoker inexact discontent
相反：un- de- dis- counter- decrease discover counterattack
向背：pro- anti- pro-Chinese antiwar
程度大小： super- ultra- over- under- semi- supermarket ultraleftist overeat undercook semicircle
方式：mis- co- misjudge cooperate
时间：pre- fore- post- prewar forewarm postwar
方位：sub- inter- trans- subway interdependent transfrontier
会引起词性变化的（名词变动词）：be- en-/em- a- belittle enslave embody asleep
动词变名词：-action -ment -al -ee -er -age exploration movement refuseal empolyee teacher coverage
形容词变名词：-ness -ity -ism -ist happiness acceptability nationalism loyalist
名词、形容词变动词：-ify -ize -en beautify hospitalize quicken
名词变形容词：-y -ish -esque -some -ous sandy foolish picturesque troublesome humourous
后缀仅改变词义而不改变词性：-ster -hood -er -ful -ery -ship -ing -ism gangster boyhood londoner spoonful machinery friendship matting idealism