组件生命周期
组件生命周期指的是组件从创建到销毁的过程,在这个过程中的一些不同的阶段,vue
会调用指定的一些组件方法
基本生命周期函数有下面几个阶段:
- 创建阶段
- 挂载阶段
- 更新阶段
- 卸载阶段
每一个阶段都对应着<u>之前</u>和<u>之后</u>两个函数
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<h1>{{title}}</h1>
<button @click="show=!show">隐藏</button>
<hr>
<template v-if="hasError">
<h4>有错误发生了</h4>
</template>
<template v-else>
<kkb-component v-if="show" :t="title"></kkb-component>
</template>
</div>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script>
const kkbComponent = {
props: ['t'],
template: `
<div>
<h1>kkbComponent - {{t.a.b}}</h1>
</div>
`,
beforeCreate() {
console.log('kkbComponent:beforeCreate');
console.log('data', this.$data);
console.log('el', this.$el);
console.log('='.repeat(100));
},
created() {
console.log('kkbComponent:created');
console.log('data', this.$data);
console.log('el', this.$el);
console.log('='.repeat(100));
},
beforeMount() {
console.log('kkbComponent:beforeMount');
console.log('data', this.$data);
console.log('el', this.$el);
console.log('='.repeat(100));
},
mounted() {
console.log('kkbComponent:mounted');
console.log('data', this.$data);
console.log('el', this.$el);
console.log('='.repeat(100));
},
beforeUpdate() {
console.log('kkbComponent:beforeUpdate');
console.log('props', this.$props);
console.log('='.repeat(100));
},
updated() {
console.log('kkbComponent:updated');
console.log('='.repeat(100));
},
beforeDestroy() {
console.log('kkbComponent:beforeDestroy');
console.log('this', this);
console.log('='.repeat(100));
},
destroyed() {
console.log('kkbComponent:destroyed');
console.log('this', this);
console.log('='.repeat(100));
}
}
let app = new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {
title: '开课吧',
show: true,
hasError: false
},
components: {
'kkb-component': kkbComponent
},
beforeCreate() {
console.log('beforeCreate');
console.log('data', this.$data);
console.log('el', this.$el);
console.log('='.repeat(100));
},
created() {
console.log('created');
console.log('data', this.$data);
console.log('el', this.$el);
console.log('='.repeat(100));
},
beforeMount() {
console.log('beforeMount');
console.log('data', this.$data);
console.log('el', this.$el);
console.log('='.repeat(100));
},
mounted() {
console.log('mounted');
console.log('data', this.$data);
console.log('el', this.$el);
console.log('='.repeat(100));
},
beforeUpdate() {
console.log('beforeUpdate');
console.log('props', this.$props);
console.log('='.repeat(100));
},
updated() {
console.log('updated');
console.log('='.repeat(100));
},
beforeDestroy() {
console.log('beforeDestroy');
console.log('this', this);
console.log('='.repeat(100));
},
destroyed() {
console.log('destroyed');
console.log('this', this);
console.log('='.repeat(100));
},
errorCaptured(err, vm, info) {
console.log('errorCaptured');
console.log(err, vm, info);
console.log('='.repeat(100));
this.hasError = true;
return false;
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
创建阶段
beforeCreate()
初始化阶段,应用不多
created()
在实例创建完成后被立即调用,该阶段完成了对data
中的数据的observer
,该阶段可以处理一些异步任务
挂载阶段
beforeMount()
在挂载开始之前被调用,应用不多
mounted()
该阶段执行完了模板解析,以及挂载。同时组件根组件元素被赋给了$el
属性,该阶段可以通过<u>DOM</u>操作来对组件内部元素进行处理了
更新阶段
beforeUpdate()
数据更新时调用,但是还没有对视图进行重新渲染,这个时候,可以获取视图更新之前的状态
updated()
由于数据的变更导致的视图重新渲染,可以通过<u>DOM</u>操作来获取视图的最新状态
卸载阶段
beforeDestroy()
实例销毁之前调用,移出一些不必要的冗余数据,比如定时器
destroyed()
Vue 实例销毁后调用
errorCaptured()
当捕获一个来自子孙组件的错误时被调用,此钩子会收到三个参数:错误对象、发生错误的组件实例以及一个包含错误来源信息的字符串。此钩子可以返回 false
以阻止该错误继续向上传播。
ref 与 $refs
如果我们希望获取组件节点,进行 <u>DOM</u> 相关操作,可以通过 ref
和 $refs
来完成
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<h1>{{title}}</h1>
<button @click="getBoxHeight">获取 box 的高度</button>
<button @click="getKKBComponent">获取自定义组件实例及内部方法</button>
<hr>
<div ref="box">
这是内容<br>这是内容<br>这是内容<br>这是内容<br>这是内容<br>
</div>
<hr>
<kkb-component ref="kkb" :t="title"></kkb-component>
</div>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script>
const kkbComponent = {
props: ['t'],
data() {
return {
isShow: true
}
},
template: `
<div v-if="isShow">
<h1>kkbComponent - {{t}}</h1>
</div>
`,
methods: {
hide() {
this.isShow = false;
}
}
}
let app = new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {
title: '开课吧'
},
components: {
'kkb-component': kkbComponent
},
mounted() {
console.log(this.$refs.kkb);
},
methods: {
getBoxHeight() {
console.log( this.$refs.box.clientHeight );
},
getKKBComponent() {
this.$refs.kkb.hide();
}
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
ref
给元素或组件添加 ref
属性,则该元素或组件实例对象将被添加到当前组件实例对象的 $refs
属性下面
$refs
该属性的是一个对象,存储了通过 ref
绑定的元素对象或者组件实例对象
nextTick
当数据更新的时候,视图并不会立即渲染,这个时候我们期望获取到视图更新后的数据,可以通过 nextTick
来进行操作
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="app">
<h1>{{title}}</h1>
<button @click="setBoxContent">设置新的内容</button>
<hr>
<div ref="box" style="background: red" v-html="content"></div>
</div>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue/dist/vue.js"></script>
<script>
let app = new Vue({
el: '#app',
data: {
title: '开课吧',
n: 1
},
computed: {
content() {
return new Array(this.n).fill(this.title).join('<br>');
}
},
methods: {
setBoxContent() {
this.n++;
this.$nextTick(_=>{
console.log( this.$refs.box.clientHeight );
})
}
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
nextTick
方法将在更新队列循环结束之后立即调用
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