美文网首页
自动交互脚本-expect

自动交互脚本-expect

作者: Jerry_1116 | 来源:发表于2019-05-07 15:32 被阅读0次

    1 expect简介

    2 expect参数介绍

    参数 解释 备注
    -c 执行脚本前先执行的命令,可多次使用。
    -d debug模式,可以在运行时输出一些诊断信息,与在脚本开始处使用exp_internal 1相似。
    -D 启用交换调式器,可设一整数参数。
    -f 从文件读取命令,仅用于使用#!时。如果文件名为"-",则从stdin读取(使用"./-"从文件名为-的文件读取)。
    -i 交互式输入命令,使用"exit"或"EOF"退出输入状态。
    -- 标示选项结束(如果你需要传递与expect选项相似的参数给脚本时),可放到#!行:#!/usr/bin/expect --。
    -v 显示expect版本信息。

    3 常用命令

    3.1

    1. 脚本
    # 命令行参数 
    # $argv,参数数组,使用[lindex $argv n]获取,$argv 0为脚本名字
    # $argc,参数个数
    set username [lindex $argv 1]  # 获取第1个参数
    set passwd [lindex $argv 2]    # 获取第2个参数
     
    set timeout 30 # 设置超时
     
    # spawn是expect内部命令,开启ssh连接
    spawn ssh -l username 192.168.1.1
     
    # 判断上次输出结果里是否包含“password:”的字符串,如果有则立即返回,否则就等待一段时间(timeout)后返回
    expect "password:"
     
    # 发送内容ispass(密码、命令等)
    send "ispass\r"
     
    # 发送内容给用户
    send_user "$argv0 [lrange $argv 0 2]\n"
    send_user "It's OK\r"
    # 执行完成后保持交互状态,控制权交给控制台(手工操作)。否则会完成后会退出。
    interact
    
    1. 命令介绍
      • close:关闭当前进程的连接。
      • debug:控制调试器。
      • disconnect:断开进程连接(进程仍在后台运行).
        定时读取密码、执行priv_prog
            send_user "password?\ "
            expect_user -re "(.*)\n"
            for {} 1 {} {
                if {[fork]!=0} {sleep 3600;continue}
                disconnect
                spawn priv_prog
                expect Password:
                send "$expect_out(1,string)\r"
                . . .
                exit
            }
    
    • exit:退出expect。
    • exp_continue [-continue_timer]:继续执行下面的匹配。
    • exp_internal [-f file] value:

    4 expect范例

    4.1 自动telnet会话

    #!/usr/bin/expect -f
    set ip [lindex $argv 0 ]         # 接收第1个参数,作为IP
    set userid [lindex $argv 1 ]     # 接收第2个参数,作为userid
    set mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3个参数,作为密码
    set mycommand [lindex $argv 3 ]  # 接收第4个参数,作为命令
    set timeout 10                   # 设置超时时间
     
    # 向远程服务器请求打开一个telnet会话,并等待服务器询问用户名
    spawn telnet $ip
        expect "username:"
        # 输入用户名,并等待服务器询问密码
        send "$userid\r"
        expect "password:"
        # 输入密码,并等待键入需要运行的命令
        send "$mypassword\r"
        expect "%"
        # 输入预先定好的密码,等待运行结果
        send "$mycommand\r"
        expect "%"
        # 将运行结果存入到变量中,显示出来或者写到磁盘中
        set results $expect_out(buffer)
        # 退出telnet会话,等待服务器的退出提示EOF
        send "exit\r"
        expect eof
    

    4.2 自动建立FTP会话

    #!/usr/bin/expect -f
    set ip [lindex $argv 0 ]         # 接收第1个参数,作为IP
    set userid [lindex $argv 1 ]     # 接收第2个参数,作为Userid
    set mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3个参数,作为密码
    set timeout 10                   # 设置超时时间
     
    # 向远程服务器请求打开一个FTP会话,并等待服务器询问用户名
    spawn ftp $ip
        expect "username:"
        # 输入用户名,并等待服务器询问密码
        send "$userid\r"
        expect "password:"
        # 输入密码,并等待FTP提示符的出现
        send "$mypassword\r"
        expect "ftp>"
        # 切换到二进制模式,并等待FTP提示符的出现
        send "bin\r"
        expect "ftp>"
        # 关闭ftp的提示符
        send "prompt\r"
        expect "ftp>"
        # 下载所有文件
        send "mget *\r"
        expect "ftp>"
        # 退出此次ftp会话,并等待服务器的退出提示EOF
        send "bye\r"
        expect eof
    

    4.3 自动登录ssh执行命令

    #!/usr/bin/expect
    set IP     [lindex $argv 0]
    set USER   [lindex $argv 1]
    set PASSWD [lindex $argv 2]
    set CMD    [lindex $argv 3]
     
    spawn ssh $USER@$IP $CMD
    expect {
        "(yes/no)?" {
            send "yes\r"
            expect "password:"
            send "$PASSWD\r"
            }
        "password:" {send "$PASSWD\r"}
        "* to host" {exit 1}
        }
    expect eof
    

    4.4 自动登录ssh

    #!/usr/bin/expect -f  
    set ip [lindex $argv 0 ]         # 接收第1个参数,作为IP
    set username [lindex $argv 1 ]   # 接收第2个参数,作为username
    set mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3个参数,作为密码
    set timeout 10                   # 设置超时时间 
     
    spawn ssh $username@$ip       # 发送ssh请求
    expect {                      # 返回信息匹配 
    "*yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}  # 第一次ssh连接会提示yes/no,继续  
    "*password:" { send "$mypassword\r" }    # 出现密码提示,发送密码  
    } 
    interact        # 交互模式,用户会停留在远程服务器上面
    

    4.5 批量登录ssh服务器执行操作范例,设定增量的for循环

    #!/usr/bin/expect
    for {set i 10} {$i <= 12} {incr i} {
        set timeout 30
        set ssh_user [lindex $argv 0]
        spawn ssh -i .ssh/$ssh_user abc$i.com
     
        expect_before "no)?" {
        send "yes\r" }
        sleep 1
        expect "password*"
        send "hello\r"
        expect "*#"
        send "echo hello expect! > /tmp/expect.txt\r"
        expect "*#"
        send "echo\r"
    }
    exit
    

    4.6 批量登录ssh并执行命令,foreach语法

    #!/usr/bin/expect
    if {$argc!=2} {
        send_user "usage: ./expect ssh_user password\n"
        exit
    }
    foreach i {11 12} {
        set timeout 30
        set ssh_user [lindex $argv 0]
        set password [lindex $argv 1]
        spawn ssh -i .ssh/$ssh_user root@xxx.yy.com
        expect_before "no)?" {
        send "yes\r" }
        sleep 1
     
        expect "Enter passphrase for key*"
        send "password\r"
        expect "*#"
        send "echo hello expect! > /tmp/expect.txt\r"
        expect "*#"
        send "echo\r"
    }
    exit
    

    4.7 自动ssh范例,从命令行获取服务器IP,foreach语法,expect嵌套

    #!/usr/bin/expect
    # 使用方法: script_name ip1 ip2 ip3 ...
     
    set timeout 20
    if {$argc < 1} {
      puts "Usage: script IPs"
      exit 1
    }
    # 替换你自己的用户名
    set user "username"
    #替换你自己的登录密码
    set password "yourpassword"
     
    foreach IP $argv {
    spawn ssh $user@$IP
     
    expect \
      "(yes/no)?" {
        send "yes\r"
        expect "password:?" {
          send "$password\r"
        }
      } "password:?" {
        send "$password\r"
    }
     
    expect "\$?"
    # 替换你要执行的命令
    send "last\r"
    expect "\$?"
    sleep 10
    send "exit\r"
    expect eof
    }
    

    4.8 批量ssh执行命令,用shell调用tclsh方式、多进程同时执行

    • tclsh - Simple shell containing Tcl interpreter
    #!/bin/sh
    # -*- tcl -*- \
    exec tclsh $0 "$@"
    package require Expect
    set username [lindex $argv 0]
    set password [lindex $argv 1]
    set argv [lrange $argv 2 end]
    set prompt "(%|#|\\$) $"
    foreach ip $argv {
        spawn ssh -t $username@$ip sh
        lappend ids $spawn_id
    }
    expect_before -i ids eof {
        set index [lsearch $ids $expect_out(spawn_id)]
        set ids [lreplace $ids $index $index]
        if [llength $ids] exp_continue
    }
    expect -i ids "(yes/no)\\?" {
        send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) yes\r
        exp_continue
    } -i ids "Enter passphrase for key" {
        send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) \r
        exp_continue
    } -i ids "assword:" {
        send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) $password\r
        exp_continue
    } -i ids -re $prompt {
        set spawn_id $expect_out(spawn_id)
        send "echo hello; exit\r"
        exp_continue
    } timeout {
        exit 1
    }
    

    -ssh登录过程常规提示文字

    The authenticity of host '192.168.17.35 (192.168.17.35)' can't be established.
    RSA key fingerprint is 25:e8:4c:89:a3:b2:06:ee:de:66:c7:7e:1b:fa:1c:c5.
    Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
    
    
    Warning: Permanently added '192.168.17.35' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
    Enter passphrase for key '/data/key/my_dsa':
    
    
    Last login: Sun Jan 26 13:39:37 2014 from 192.168.11.143
    [root@master003 ~]#
    
    
    root@192.168.16.90's password:
    
    
    Last login: Thu Jan 23 17:50:43 2014 from 192.168.11.102
    [root@lvsmaster ~]#
    

    4.9 ssh自动登录expect脚本:ssh.expect

    #!/usr/bin/expect -f
    # Auther:YuanXing
    # Update:2014-02-08
    if {$argc < 4} {
        send_user "Usage:\n  $argv0 IPaddr User Passwd Port Passphrase\n"
        puts stderr "argv error!\n"
        sleep 1
        exit 1
    }
     
    set ip         [lindex $argv 0 ]
    set user       [lindex $argv 1 ]
    set passwd     [lindex $argv 2 ]
    set port       [lindex $argv 3 ]
    set passphrase [lindex $argv 4 ]
    set timeout 6
    if {$port == ""} {
        set port 22
    }
    #send_user "IP:$ip,User:$user,Passwd:$passwd,Port:$port,Passphrase:$passphrase"
    spawn ssh -p $port $user@$ip
     
    expect_before "(yes/no)\\?" {
        send "yes\r"}
     
    expect \
    "Enter passphrase for key*" {
        send "$passphrase\r"
        exp_continue
    } " password:?" {
        send "$passwd\r"
        exp_continue
    } "*\[#\\\$]" {
        interact
    } "* to host" {
        send_user "Connect faild!"
        exit 2
    } timeout {
        send_user "Connect timeout!"
        exit 2
    } eof {
        send_user "Lost connect!"
        exit
    }
    

    4.10 Mikrotik backup script using ssh and expect

    #!/bin/bash
    # BY: Pejman Moghadam
    # TAG: mikrotik, ssh, expect, lftp
    # DATE: 2012-05-27 14:42:14 
     
    BACKUP_DIR="/var/backups"
    HOSTNAME="192.168.88.1"
    PORT="22"
    USER="admin"
    PASS="123456"
    TMP=$(mktemp)
    TODAY=$(date +%F)
    FILENAME="$HOSTNAME-$TODAY"
    PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin"
     
    # create expect script
    cat > $TMP << EOF 
    #exp_internal 1 # Uncomment for debug
    set timeout -1
    spawn ssh -p$PORT $USER@$HOSTNAME
    match_max 100000
    expect -exact "password:"
    send -- "$PASS\r"
    sleep 1
    expect " > "
    send -- "/export file=$FILENAME\r"
    expect " > "
    send -- "/system backup save name=$FILENAME\r"
    expect " > "
    send -- "quit\r"
    expect eof
    EOF
     
    # run expect script
    #cat $TMP # Uncomment for debug
    expect -f $TMP
     
    # remove expect script
    rm $TMP
     
    # download and remove backup files
    # "xfer:clobber on" means overwrite existing files
    cd ${BACKUP_DIR}
    echo "
      set xfer:clobber on
      get ${FILENAME}.rsc
      rm ${FILENAME}.rsc 
      get ${FILENAME}.backup
      rm ${FILENAME}.backup" | 
    lftp -u $USER,$PASS $HOSTNAME
    

    参考

    1. expect - 自动交互脚本
    2. expect教程中文版
    3. expect说明

    相关文章

      网友评论

          本文标题:自动交互脚本-expect

          本文链接:https://www.haomeiwen.com/subject/akyeoqtx.html