centos7 挂载硬盘

本文仅适用于使用 fdisk 命令对一个不大于 2 TB 的数据盘执行分区操作。如果需要分区的数据盘大于 2 TB，请参考 阿里云-32TB 块存储分区。服务器安装centos的时候，通常linux系统分区默认为3个分区，主分区最多4个，其他可根据自己的需要挂载。

/ 根分区，通常10-100G左右（根据总磁盘大小情况）
/boot 系统操作分区(100-500MB 足矣)
/swap 虚拟内存暂存分区（通常是内存的2倍，根据自己装系统的习惯会有所差异）

[root@huoshi-111 ~]# df -h
Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root   44G  4.3G   40G  10% /
devtmpfs             7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                7.8G  8.9M  7.8G   1% /run
tmpfs                7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1           1014M  251M  764M  25% /boot
tmpfs                1.6G     0  1.6G   0% /run/user/0
[root@huoshi-111 ~]# 

1、首先查看未指派的分区名称，有的不一样，我的分别是/dev/sda和/dev/sdb，sda是系统分区，sdb是存储数据分区。

[root@huoshi-111 ~]# fdisk -l
# 这里这个盘是需要挂载的
Disk /dev/sdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000b33c5

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200   104857599    51379200   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/cl-root: 47.2 GB, 47240445952 bytes, 92266496 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/cl-swap: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

[root@huoshi-111 ~]# 

2. 创建硬盘分区

[root@huoshi-111 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x774b38c4.

Command (m for help):  #输入n回车，添加新分区，如果需要更多，请输入m回车看帮助

Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p):  # 输入p回车，P的意思是主分区

Partition number (1-4):  # 输入数字1回车，分区数量

First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048):  #默认回车

Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-419430399, default 419430399):  # 默认回车

Using default value 419430399
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 200GiB is set

Command (m for help):  # 输入w保存

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

3、分区完成。输入fdisk -l查看信息

[root@huoshi-111 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdb: 214.7 GB, 214748364800 bytes, 419430400 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xc10d16e7

# 可以查看/dev/sdb1已经被默认分区
   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048   419430399   209714176   83  Linux

Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000b33c5

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200   104857599    51379200   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/cl-root: 47.2 GB, 47240445952 bytes, 92266496 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/cl-swap: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

[root@huoshi-111 ~]# 

4. 格式化分区

[root@huoshi-111 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1

5. 建立挂载目录

[root@huoshi-111 ~]# mkdir /data

6.挂载分区

[root@huoshi-111 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data

7.设置开机自动挂载

[root@huoshi-111 ~]# echo /dev/sdb1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0 >> /etc/fstab

8.确认是否挂载成功

# 重启系统
[root@huoshi-111 ~]# reboot

[root@huoshi-111 ~]# df -h
Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/cl-root   44G  4.3G   40G  10% /
devtmpfs             7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                7.8G  8.9M  7.8G   1% /run
tmpfs                7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
# 注意看这里，/dev/sdb1 挂载在/data，说明这次挂载成功了
/dev/sdb1            197G  201M  187G   1% /data
/dev/sda1           1014M  251M  764M  25% /boot
tmpfs                1.6G     0  1.6G   0% /run/user/0
[root@huoshi-111 ~]#