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linux expect 自动交互脚本用法

linux expect 自动交互脚本用法

作者: hiekay | 来源:发表于2019-05-07 17:19 被阅读0次

    检查是否安装tcl,expect

    如果没有安装,使用yum安装:
    yum install -y tcl
    yum install -y expect
    

    expect参数

    启用选项

    • -c:执行脚本前先执行的命令,可多次使用。
    • -d:debug模式,可以在运行时输出一些诊断信息,与在脚本开始处使用exp_internal 1相似。
    • -D:启用交换调式器,可设一整数参数。
    • -f:从文件读取命令,仅用于使用#!时。如果文件名为"-",则从stdin读取(使用"./-"从文件名为-的文件读取)。
    • -i:交互式输入命令,使用"exit"或"EOF"退出输入状态。
    • --:标示选项结束(如果你需要传递与expect选项相似的参数给脚本时),可放到#!行:#!/usr/bin/expect --
    • -v:显示expect版本信息。

    expect的4个命令

    Expect中最关键的四个命令是send,expect,spawn,interact。

    命令 说明
    send 用于向进程发送字符串
    expect 从进程接收字符串
    spawn 启动新的进程
    interact 允许用户交互

    常用命令

    `# 命令行参数`
    
    `# $argv,参数数组,使用[lindex $argv n]获取,$argv 0为脚本名字`
    
    `# $argc,参数个数`
    
    `set` `username [lindex $argv 1]` `# 获取第1个参数`
    
    `set` `passwd` `[lindex $argv 2]` `# 获取第2个参数`
    
    `set` `timeout 30` `# 设置超时`
    
    `# spawn是expect内部命令,开启ssh连接`
    
    `spawn` `ssh` `-l username 192.168.1.1`
    
    `# 判断上次输出结果里是否包含“password:”的字符串,如果有则立即返回,否则就等待一段时间(timeout)后返回`
    
    `expect` `"password:"`
    
    `# 发送内容ispass(密码、命令等)`
    
    `send` `"ispass\r"`
    
    `# 发送内容给用户`
    
    `send_user` `"$argv0 [lrange $argv 0 2]\n"`
    
    `send_user` `"It's OK\r"`
    
    `# 执行完成后保持交互状态,控制权交给控制台(手工操作)。否则会完成后会退出。`
    
    `interact`
    

    命令介绍

    • close:关闭当前进程的连接。
    • debug:控制调试器。
    • disconnect:断开进程连接(进程仍在后台运行)。
      • 定时读取密码、执行priv_prog
            `send_user` `"password?\ "`
    
            `expect_user -re` `"(.*)\n"`
    
            `for` `{} 1 {} {`
    
            `if` `{[fork]!=0} {``sleep` `3600;``continue``}`
    
            `disconnect`
    
            `spawn priv_prog`
    
            `expect Password:`
    
            `send` `"$expect_out(1,string)\r"`
    
            `. . .`
    
            `exit`
    
            `}`
    
    • exit:退出expect。
    • exp_continue [-continue_timer]:继续执行下面的匹配。
    • exp_internal [-f file] value:

    expect范例

    1.远程登录并创建文件后退出
    #!/usr/bin/expect           ##注意路径,使用 [whereis expect] 查看
    set user "hadoop"           ##设定参数,注意",'的区别
    set pwd "yangkun"
    set host "48.93.36.144"
    
    set timeout -1              ##;号可有可无
    spawn ssh -p 2020 $user@$host
    expect {                    ##expect后有空格
        "*yes/no" {send "yes\r";exp_continue}
        "*password:" {send "$pwd\r"}
    }
    expect "]*"                 ## 通配符,使用 ]* 有效, 使用  *# 无效
    send "touch /home/hadoop/aa.txt\r"
    expect "]*"
    send "echo hello world >> /home/hadoop/aa.txt\r"
    expect "]*"
    [interact]                  ##人为交互
    send "exit\r"               ##退出
    
    2.配置免密登录并安装JDK
    #!/bin/bash
    #!/usr/bin/expect
    SERVERS="114.114.114.114"       ##数组以空格分隔,可以为目标ip 或者hostName
    PASSWORD="yangkun"
    
    ## 实现免密登录配置的函数
    auto_ssh_copy_id() {
        expect -c "set timeout -1;
            spawn ssh-copy-id \"-p 2020 $1\";       ## 这里要注意,使用'或\'不可行
            expect {
                *(yes/no)* {send -- yes\r;exp_continue;}
                *password:* {send -- $2\r;exp_continue;}
                eof {exit 0;}
            }";
    }
    
    ## 循环执行,配置主机到从节点所有免密
    ssh_copy_id_to_all() {
        for SERVER in $SERVERS              ## 取值需要加$
        do
            auto_ssh_copy_id $SERVER $PASSWORD
        done    
    }
    
    ## 调用循环配置函数
    ssh_copy_id_to_all
    
    
    ## 批量部署
    for SERVER in $SERVERS
    do
        scp install.sh root@$SERVER:/root
        ssh root@$SERVER /root/install.sh
    done
    
    • 读取文件中的host配置
    让脚本自动读取slaves文件中的机器名来批量安装
    cat slaves | while read host
    do
    echo $host
    expect -c "set timeout -f
    spawn ssh-copy-id $host"
    done
    

    3.批量配置JDK,install.sh

    #!/bin/bash
    BASE_SERVER=master
    BASE_PATH=/home/hadoop/soft
    TARGET_PATH=/usr/local
    JAVA_PATH=$TARGET_PATH/java
    ## 1.判断是否存在文件夹,不存在则创建soft文件夹
    #if [ ! -d "$BASE_PATH" ]; then
    #   mkdir "$BASE_PATH"
    #fi
    
    ## 2.从指定host拷贝jdk到目标机器上(已经拷贝文件夹)
    scp -r $BASE_SERVER:$BASE_PATH $BASE_PATH
    
    ## 2.解压jdk到指定目录
    if [ ! -d "$JAVA_PATH" ]; then
        sudo -S mkdir -p "$JAVA_PATH"
    fi
    
    ## 赋予权限
    sudo -S chmod -R hadoop:hadoop $JAVA_PATH
    
    tar -zxvf $BASE_PATH/jdk1.8.0_121.tar.gz -C $JAVA_PATH
    
    #### 3.配置环境变量
    sudo -S cat>>/etc/profile<<EOF
    export JAVA_HOME=$JAVA_PATH/jdk1.8.0_121
    export PATH=\$PATH:\$JAVA_HOME/bin
    EOF
    
    • 自动telnet会话
     #!/usr/bin/expect -f
    set ip [lindex $argv 0 ]         # 接收第1个参数,作为IP
    set userid [lindex $argv 1 ]     # 接收第2个参数,作为userid
    set mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3个参数,作为密码
    set mycommand [lindex $argv 3 ]  # 接收第4个参数,作为命令
    set timeout 10                   # 设置超时时间
     
    # 向远程服务器请求打开一个telnet会话,并等待服务器询问用户名
    spawn telnet $ip
        expect "username:"
        # 输入用户名,并等待服务器询问密码
        send "$userid\r"
        expect "password:"
        # 输入密码,并等待键入需要运行的命令
        send "$mypassword\r"
        expect "%"
        # 输入预先定好的密码,等待运行结果
        send "$mycommand\r"
        expect "%"
        # 将运行结果存入到变量中,显示出来或者写到磁盘中
        set results $expect_out(buffer)
        # 退出telnet会话,等待服务器的退出提示EOF
        send "exit\r"
        expect eof
    

    4.自动建立FTP会话

       #!/usr/bin/expect -f
    set ip [lindex $argv 0 ]         # 接收第1个参数,作为IP
    set userid [lindex $argv 1 ]     # 接收第2个参数,作为Userid
    set mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3个参数,作为密码
    set timeout 10                   # 设置超时时间
     
    # 向远程服务器请求打开一个FTP会话,并等待服务器询问用户名
    spawn ftp $ip
        expect "username:"
        # 输入用户名,并等待服务器询问密码
        send "$userid\r"
        expect "password:"
        # 输入密码,并等待FTP提示符的出现
        send "$mypassword\r"
        expect "ftp>"
        # 切换到二进制模式,并等待FTP提示符的出现
        send "bin\r"
        expect "ftp>"
        # 关闭ftp的提示符
        send "prompt\r"
        expect "ftp>"
        # 下载所有文件
        send "mget *\r"
        expect "ftp>"
        # 退出此次ftp会话,并等待服务器的退出提示EOF
        send "bye\r"
        expect eof
    
    • 自动登录ssh执行命令
    #!/usr/bin/expect
    set IP     [lindex $argv 0]
    set USER   [lindex $argv 1]
    set PASSWD [lindex $argv 2]
    set CMD    [lindex $argv 3]
     
    spawn ssh $USER@$IP $CMD
    expect {
        "(yes/no)?" {
            send "yes\r"
            expect "password:"
            send "$PASSWD\r"
            }
        "password:" {send "$PASSWD\r"}
        "* to host" {exit 1}
        }
    expect eof
    

    5.自动登录ssh

    #!/usr/bin/expect -f  
    set ip [lindex $argv 0 ]         # 接收第1个参数,作为IP
    set username [lindex $argv 1 ]   # 接收第2个参数,作为username
    set mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3个参数,作为密码
    set timeout 10                   # 设置超时时间 
     
    spawn ssh $username@$ip       # 发送ssh请求
    expect {                      # 返回信息匹配 
    "*yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}  # 第一次ssh连接会提示yes/no,继续  
    "*password:" { send "$mypassword\r" }    # 出现密码提示,发送密码  
    } 
    interact        # 交互模式,用户会停留在远程服务器上面
    

    6.批量登录ssh服务器执行操作范例,设定增量的for循环

     #!/usr/bin/expect
    for {set i 10} {$i <= 12} {incr i} {
      set timeout 30
      set ssh_user [lindex $argv 0]
      spawn ssh -i .ssh/$ssh_user abc$i.com
    
      expect_before "no)?" {
      send "yes\r" }
      sleep 1
      expect "password*"
      send "hello\r"
      expect "*#"
      send "echo hello expect! > /tmp/expect.txt\r"
      expect "*#"
      send "echo\r"
    }
    exit
    

    7.批量登录ssh并执行命令,foreach语法

    #!/usr/bin/expect
    if {$argc!=2} {
        send_user "usage: ./expect ssh_user password\n"
        exit
    }
    foreach i {11 12} {
        set timeout 30
        set ssh_user [lindex $argv 0]
        set password [lindex $argv 1]
        spawn ssh -i .ssh/$ssh_user root@xxx.yy.com
        expect_before "no)?" {
        send "yes\r" }
        sleep 1
     
        expect "Enter passphrase for key*"
        send "password\r"
        expect "*#"
        send "echo hello expect! > /tmp/expect.txt\r"
        expect "*#"
        send "echo\r"
    }
    exit
    

    8.另一自动ssh范例,从命令行获取服务器IP,foreach语法,expect嵌套

        #!/usr/bin/expect
    # 使用方法: script_name ip1 ip2 ip3 ...
     
    set timeout 20
    if {$argc < 1} {
      puts "Usage: script IPs"
      exit 1
    }
    # 替换你自己的用户名
    set user "username"
    #替换你自己的登录密码
    set password "yourpassword"
     
    foreach IP $argv {
    spawn ssh $user@$IP
     
    expect \
      "(yes/no)?" {
        send "yes\r"
        expect "password:?" {
          send "$password\r"
        }
      } "password:?" {
        send "$password\r"
    }
     
    expect "\$?"
    # 替换你要执行的命令
    send "last\r"
    expect "\$?"
    sleep 10
    send "exit\r"
    expect eof
    }
    

    9.批量ssh执行命令,用shell调用tclsh方式、多进程同时执行

    *   tclsh - Simple shell containing Tcl interpreter
    
     #!/bin/sh
    # -*- tcl -*- \
    exec tclsh $0 "$@"
    package require Expect
    set username [lindex $argv 0]
    set password [lindex $argv 1]
    set argv [lrange $argv 2 end]
    set prompt "(%|#|\\$) $"
    foreach ip $argv {
        spawn ssh -t $username@$ip sh
        lappend ids $spawn_id
    }
    expect_before -i ids eof {
        set index [lsearch $ids $expect_out(spawn_id)]
        set ids [lreplace $ids $index $index]
        if [llength $ids] exp_continue
    }
    expect -i ids "(yes/no)\\?" {
        send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) yes\r
        exp_continue
    } -i ids "Enter passphrase for key" {
        send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) \r
        exp_continue
    } -i ids "assword:" {
        send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) $password\r
        exp_continue
    } -i ids -re $prompt {
        set spawn_id $expect_out(spawn_id)
        send "echo hello; exit\r"
        exp_continue
    } timeout {
        exit 1
    }
    

    10.ssh登录过程常规提示文字

    The authenticity of host '192.168.17.35 (192.168.17.35)' can't be established.
    RSA key fingerprint is 25:e8:4c:89:a3:b2:06:ee:de:66:c7:7e:1b:fa:1c:c5.
    Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
    
    
    Warning: Permanently added '192.168.17.35' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
    Enter passphrase for key '/data/key/my_dsa':
    
    
    Last login: Sun Jan 26 13:39:37 2014 from 192.168.11.143
    [root@master003 ~]#
    
    
    root@192.168.16.90's password:
    
    
    Last login: Thu Jan 23 17:50:43 2014 from 192.168.11.102
    [root@lvsmaster ~]#
    

    11.ssh自动登录expect脚本:ssh.expect

        #!/usr/bin/expect -f
    # Auther:YuanXing
    # Update:2014-02-08
    if {$argc < 4} {
        send_user "Usage:\n  $argv0 IPaddr User Passwd Port Passphrase\n"
        puts stderr "argv error!\n"
        sleep 1
        exit 1
    }
     
    set ip         [lindex $argv 0 ]
    set user       [lindex $argv 1 ]
    set passwd     [lindex $argv 2 ]
    set port       [lindex $argv 3 ]
    set passphrase [lindex $argv 4 ]
    set timeout 6
    if {$port == ""} {
        set port 22
    }
    #send_user "IP:$ip,User:$user,Passwd:$passwd,Port:$port,Passphrase:$passphrase"
    spawn ssh -p $port $user@$ip
     
    expect_before "(yes/no)\\?" {
        send "yes\r"}
     
    expect \
    "Enter passphrase for key*" {
        send "$passphrase\r"
        exp_continue
    } " password:?" {
        send "$passwd\r"
        exp_continue
    } "*\[#\\\$]" {
        interact
    } "* to host" {
        send_user "Connect faild!"
        exit 2
    } timeout {
        send_user "Connect timeout!"
        exit 2
    } eof {
        send_user "Lost connect!"
        exit
    }
    

    12.Mikrotik backup script using ssh and expect

    #!/bin/bash
    # TAG: mikrotik, ssh, expect, lftp
     
    BACKUP_DIR="/var/backups"
    HOSTNAME="192.168.88.1"
    PORT="22"
    USER="admin"
    PASS="123456"
    TMP=$(mktemp)
    TODAY=$(date +%F)
    FILENAME="$HOSTNAME-$TODAY"
    PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin"
     
    # create expect script
    cat > $TMP << EOF 
    #exp_internal 1 # Uncomment for debug
    set timeout -1
    spawn ssh -p$PORT $USER@$HOSTNAME
    match_max 100000
    expect -exact "password:"
    send -- "$PASS\r"
    sleep 1
    expect " > "
    send -- "/export file=$FILENAME\r"
    expect " > "
    send -- "/system backup save name=$FILENAME\r"
    expect " > "
    send -- "quit\r"
    expect eof
    EOF
     
    # run expect script
    #cat $TMP # Uncomment for debug
    expect -f $TMP
     
    # remove expect script
    rm $TMP
     
    # download and remove backup files
    # "xfer:clobber on" means overwrite existing files
    cd ${BACKUP_DIR}
    echo "
      set xfer:clobber on
      get ${FILENAME}.rsc
      rm ${FILENAME}.rsc 
      get ${FILENAME}.backup
      rm ${FILENAME}.backup" | 
    lftp -u $USER,$PASS $HOSTNAME
    

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