Python：使用Pyinstaller 打包成exe文件

一、准备工作

• Pyinstaller可以将Python的代码打包成可执行文件（.exe），打完包的可执行文件可在没有安装Python环境的PC上运行。
• Python 3.7
• 安装Pyinstaller：pip install pyinstaller
• 使用文档：https://pyinstaller.readthedocs.io/en/stable/usage.html

二、Pyinstaller 命令介绍

• 语法：pyinstaller [options] script [script …] | specfile
  如：pyinstaller XXX.py
• 查看帮助：pyinstaller -h 或 pyinstaller --help

usage: pyinstaller [-h] [-v] [-D] [-F] [--specpath DIR] [-n NAME]
                  [--add-data <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>]
                  [--add-binary <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>] [-p DIR]
                  [--hidden-import MODULENAME]
                  [--additional-hooks-dir HOOKSPATH]
                  [--runtime-hook RUNTIME_HOOKS] [--exclude-module EXCLUDES]
                  [--key KEY] [-d [{all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}]] [-s]
                  [--noupx] [-c] [-w]
                  [-i <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>]
                  [--version-file FILE] [-m <FILE or XML>] [-r RESOURCE]
                  [--uac-admin] [--uac-uiaccess] [--win-private-assemblies]
                  [--win-no-prefer-redirects]
                  [--osx-bundle-identifier BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER]
                  [--runtime-tmpdir PATH] [--bootloader-ignore-signals]
                  [--distpath DIR] [--workpath WORKPATH] [-y]
                  [--upx-dir UPX_DIR] [-a] [--clean] [--log-level LEVEL]
                  scriptname [scriptname ...]

positional arguments:
 scriptname            name of scriptfiles to be processed or exactly one
                       .spec-file. If a .spec-file is specified, most options
                       are unnecessary and are ignored.

optional arguments:
 -h, --help            show this help message and exit
 -v, --version         Show program version info and exit.
 --distpath DIR        Where to put the bundled app (default: .\dist)
 --workpath WORKPATH   Where to put all the temporary work files, .log, .pyz
                       and etc. (default: .\build)
 -y, --noconfirm       Replace output directory (default:
                       SPECPATH\dist\SPECNAME) without asking for
                       confirmation
 --upx-dir UPX_DIR     Path to UPX utility (default: search the execution
                       path)
 -a, --ascii           Do not include unicode encoding support (default:
                       included if available)
 --clean               Clean PyInstaller cache and remove temporary files
                       before building.
 --log-level LEVEL     Amount of detail in build-time console messages. LEVEL
                       may be one of TRACE, DEBUG, INFO, WARN, ERROR,
                       CRITICAL (default: INFO).

What to generate:
 -D, --onedir          Create a one-folder bundle containing an executable
                       (default)
 -F, --onefile         Create a one-file bundled executable.
 --specpath DIR        Folder to store the generated spec file (default:
                       current directory)
 -n NAME, --name NAME  Name to assign to the bundled app and spec file
                       (default: first script's basename)

What to bundle, where to search:
 --add-data <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>
                       Additional non-binary files or folders to be added to
                       the executable. The path separator is platform
                       specific, ``os.pathsep`` (which is ``;`` on Windows
                       and ``:`` on most unix systems) is used. This option
                       can be used multiple times.
 --add-binary <SRC;DEST or SRC:DEST>
                       Additional binary files to be added to the executable.
                       See the ``--add-data`` option for more details. This
                       option can be used multiple times.
 -p DIR, --paths DIR   A path to search for imports (like using PYTHONPATH).
                       Multiple paths are allowed, separated by ';', or use
                       this option multiple times
 --hidden-import MODULENAME, --hiddenimport MODULENAME
                       Name an import not visible in the code of the
                       script(s). This option can be used multiple times.
 --additional-hooks-dir HOOKSPATH
                       An additional path to search for hooks. This option
                       can be used multiple times.
 --runtime-hook RUNTIME_HOOKS
                       Path to a custom runtime hook file. A runtime hook is
                       code that is bundled with the executable and is
                       executed before any other code or module to set up
                       special features of the runtime environment. This
                       option can be used multiple times.
 --exclude-module EXCLUDES
                       Optional module or package (the Python name, not the
                       path name) that will be ignored (as though it was not
                       found). This option can be used multiple times.
 --key KEY             The key used to encrypt Python bytecode.

How to generate:
 -d [{all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}], --debug [{all,imports,bootloader,noarchive}]
                       Provide assistance with debugging a frozen
                       application, by specifying one or more of the
                       following choices.

                       - all: All three of the below options; this is the
                         default choice, unless one of the choices below is
                         specified.

                       - imports: specify the -v option to the underlying
                         Python interpreter, causing it to print a message
                         each time a module is initialized, showing the
                         place (filename or built-in module) from which it
                         is loaded. See
                         https://docs.python.org/3/using/cmdline.html#id4.

                       - bootloader: tell the bootloader to issue progress
                         messages while initializing and starting the
                         bundled app. Used to diagnose problems with
                         missing imports.

                       - noarchive: instead of storing all frozen Python
                         source files as an archive inside the resulting
                         executable, store them as files in the resulting
                         output directory.

 -s, --strip           Apply a symbol-table strip to the executable and
                       shared libs (not recommended for Windows)
 --noupx               Do not use UPX even if it is available (works
                       differently between Windows and *nix)

Windows and Mac OS X specific options:
 -c, --console, --nowindowed
                       Open a console window for standard i/o (default)
 -w, --windowed, --noconsole
                       Windows and Mac OS X: do not provide a console window
                       for standard i/o. On Mac OS X this also triggers
                       building an OS X .app bundle. This option is ignored
                       in *NIX systems.
 -i <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>, --icon <FILE.ico or FILE.exe,ID or FILE.icns>
                       FILE.ico: apply that icon to a Windows executable.
                       FILE.exe,ID, extract the icon with ID from an exe.
                       FILE.icns: apply the icon to the .app bundle on Mac OS
                       X

Windows specific options:
 --version-file FILE   add a version resource from FILE to the exe
 -m <FILE or XML>, --manifest <FILE or XML>
                       add manifest FILE or XML to the exe
 -r RESOURCE, --resource RESOURCE
                       Add or update a resource to a Windows executable. The
                       RESOURCE is one to four items,
                       FILE[,TYPE[,NAME[,LANGUAGE]]]. FILE can be a data file
                       or an exe/dll. For data files, at least TYPE and NAME
                       must be specified. LANGUAGE defaults to 0 or may be
                       specified as wildcard * to update all resources of the
                       given TYPE and NAME. For exe/dll files, all resources
                       from FILE will be added/updated to the final
                       executable if TYPE, NAME and LANGUAGE are omitted or
                       specified as wildcard *.This option can be used
                       multiple times.
 --uac-admin           Using this option creates a Manifest which will
                       request elevation upon application restart.
 --uac-uiaccess        Using this option allows an elevated application to
                       work with Remote Desktop.

Windows Side-by-side Assembly searching options (advanced):
 --win-private-assemblies
                       Any Shared Assemblies bundled into the application
                       will be changed into Private Assemblies. This means
                       the exact versions of these assemblies will always be
                       used, and any newer versions installed on user
                       machines at the system level will be ignored.
 --win-no-prefer-redirects
                       While searching for Shared or Private Assemblies to
                       bundle into the application, PyInstaller will prefer
                       not to follow policies that redirect to newer
                       versions, and will try to bundle the exact versions of
                       the assembly.

Mac OS X specific options:
 --osx-bundle-identifier BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER
                       Mac OS X .app bundle identifier is used as the default
                       unique program name for code signing purposes. The
                       usual form is a hierarchical name in reverse DNS
                       notation. For example:
                       com.mycompany.department.appname (default: first
                       script's basename)

Rarely used special options:
 --runtime-tmpdir PATH
                       Where to extract libraries and support files in
                       `onefile`-mode. If this option is given, the
                       bootloader will ignore any temp-folder location
                       defined by the run-time OS. The ``_MEIxxxxxx``-folder
                       will be created here. Please use this option only if
                       you know what you are doing.
 --bootloader-ignore-signals
                       Tell the bootloader to ignore signals rather than
                       forwarding them to the child process. Useful in
                       situations where e.g. a supervisor process signals
                       both the bootloader and child (e.g. via a process
                       group) to avoid signalling the child twice.

• 查看版本：pyinstaller -v 或 pyinstaller --version
• 常用参数

注：可通过查看帮助查看全部参数选项

三、Pyinstaller 使用

• 以Tkinter 倒计时GUI小程序为例
• 直接打包：pyinstaller -F WorkingTime.py （生成的exe文件运行后，会有个控制台，即可见的黑框，如图2）
• 不带控制台：pyinstaller -F -w WorkingTime.py （该命令会去除控制台，即运行仅程序窗口）
• 修改文件名：pyinstaller -F -n test WorkingTime.py （定义生成的exe文件为test，非源文件名）
• 添加icon：pyinstaller -F -w -i 22.ico WorkingTime.py (注：图片资源需与源文件在同意路径，或指定对应资源图路径）

• 生成文件目录如下图，打包好的exe文件在./dist文件夹下。

  
  文件目录
  pyinstaller -F WorkingTime.py

Blog：

• 简书：https://www.jianshu.com/u/ec81abf35751
• CSDN：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_21238607
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