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iOS - 多线程(四):NSOperation

iOS - 多线程(四):NSOperation

作者: 师大小海腾 | 来源:发表于2020-02-14 02:39 被阅读0次

    iOS - 多线程 系列文章

    iOS - 多线程(一):初识
    iOS - 多线程(二):pthread、NSThread
    iOS - 多线程(三):GCD
    iOS - 多线程(四):NSOperation
    iOS - 多线程(五):线程同步方案

    网络配图.jpg

    目录

    • 1. NSOperation 初识
       1.1 NSOperation 介绍
       1.2 NSOperation 与 GCD 的区别
       1.3 NSOperation 与 NSOperationQueue
       1.4 NSOperation 的使用步骤
    • 2. NSOperation 使用
       2.1 NSInvocationOperation
       2.2 NSBlockOperation
    • 3. NSOperation 进阶
       3.1 最大并发数
       3.2 队列的暂停/继续/取消操作
       3.3 操作执行状态控制
       3.4 操作优先级与服务质量
       3.5 操作间依赖
    • 4. NSOperation 自定义
    • 相关链接
    • 参考

    1. NSOperation 初识

    1.1 NSOperation 介绍

    • NSOperation 是 OC 语言中基于 GCD 的面向对象的封装;
    • 提供了一些用 GCD 不好实现的功能;
    • 线程的生命周期由系统自动管理。

    1.2 NSOperation 与 GCD 的区别

    多线程方案 区别
    GCD GCD 是 iOS4.0 推出的,主要针对多核 CPU 做了优化,是 C 语言的技术;
    GCD 是将任务(block)添加到队列(串行/并发/全局/主队列),并且以同步/异步的方式执行任务的函数;
    GCD 提供了一些 NSOperation 不具备的功能:
      ① 队列组
      ② 一次性执行
      ③ 延迟执行
    NSOperation NSOperation 是 iOS2.0 推出的,iOS4 之后重写了 NSOperation;
    NSOperation 是将操作(异步的任务)添加到队列(并发队列),就会执行指定操作的函数;
    NSOperation 里提供的方便的操作:
      ① 最大并发数
      ② 队列的暂停/继续/取消操作
      ③ 指定操作之间的依赖关系(GCD 中可以使用同步实现)

    1.3 NSOperation 与 NSOperationQueue

    NSOperation 需要和 NSOperationQueue 配合使用来实现多线程方案。单独使用 NSOperation 的话, 它是属于同步操作, 并不具备开启新线程的能力。

    • NSOperation:操作
      • NSOperation 类是一个抽象类,不能直接使用它来封装任务,而是使用系统定义的子类( NSInvocationOperation 或 NSBlockOperation)或者自定义子类来封装任务。
      • 操作对象是一个单发对象,即它只执行一次任务,不能再次执行。通常通过将操作添加到操作队列来执行操作。
    • NSOperationQueue:队列
      获取主队列:[NSOperationQueue mainQueue]
      获取当前队列:[NSOperationQueue currentQueue]

    1.4 NSOperation 的使用步骤

    NSOperation 和 NSOperationQueue 实现多线程的步骤:

    • ① 创建操作:先将需要执行的操作封装到一个 NSOperation 对象中;
    • ② 创建队列:创建一个 NSOperationQueue 对象;
    • ③ 添加操作到队列中:然后将 NSOperation 对象添加到 NSOperationQueue 队列中。系统会自动将 NSOperationQueue 中的 NSOperation 取出来,将取出的 NSOperation 封装的操作放到一条新线程上执行。

    往队列中添加操作:

    - (void)addOperation:(NSOperation *)op;
    - (void)addOperations:(NSArray<NSOperation *> *)ops waitUntilFinished:(BOOL)wait;
    - (void)addOperationWithBlock:(void (^)(void))block
    

      如果不想使用 NSOperationQueue,可以通过调用 NSOperation 对象的start方法来自己执行操作。默认情况下,调用 NSOperation 的 start 方法并不会开一条新线程去执行操作,而是在当前线程同步执行操作。

    2. NSOperation 使用

    2.1 NSInvocationOperation

    默认情况下,调用 NSOperation 的 start 方法后并不会开一条新线程去执行操作,而是在当前线程同步执行操作。

    - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
        // 创建一个 NSInvocationOperation 对象
        NSInvocationOperation *operation = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(test) object:nil];
        // 调用 start 方法开始执行操作,一旦执行操作,就会调用 target 的 sel 方法
        [operation start];
    }
    
    - (void)test {
        NSLog(@"%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
    }
    
    /*
    2020-01-20 09:34:21.163313+0800 多线程[28423:6280457] <NSThread: 0x600001482240>{number = 1, name = main}
     */
    

    只有将 NSOperation 放到一个 NSOperationQueue 中,才会异步执行操作。

    - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
        // 创建一个 NSOperationQueue 对象
        NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];
        // 创建一个 NSInvocationOperation 对象
        NSInvocationOperation *operation = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(test) object:nil];
        // 将操作添加进队列
        [queue addOperation:operation];
    }
    
    - (void)test {
        NSLog(@"%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
    }
    
    /*
    2020-01-20 09:36:06.327162+0800 多线程[28423:6280510] <NSThread: 0x600001419100>{number = 7, name = (null)}
     */
    

    注意点:如果将操作添加到队列后,又调用 start 方法,会导致Crash

    - (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
        NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];
        NSInvocationOperation *operation = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc]initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(test) object:nil];
        [queue addOperation:operation];
        [operation start];
    }
    
    - (void)test {
        NSLog(@"%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
    }
    
    /*
    2020-02-03 03:49:07.027372+0800 多线程[11489:1903781] <NSThread: 0x600003ee8140>{number = 3, name = (null)}
    2020-02-03 03:49:07.031612+0800 多线程[11489:1903644] *** Terminating app due to uncaught exception 'NSInvalidArgumentException', 
    reason: '*** -[NSInvocationOperation start]: something is trying to start the receiver simultaneously from more than one thread'
    *** First throw call stack:
    (
        0   CoreFoundation                      0x00007fff23b98bde __exceptionPreprocess + 350
        1   libobjc.A.dylib                     0x00007fff503b5b20 objc_exception_throw + 48
        2   Foundation                          0x00007fff25653930 -[NSOperation start] + 1424
        ......
    )
    libc++abi.dylib: terminating with uncaught exception of type NSException
    (lldb) 
     */
    

    2.2 NSBlockOperation

    三种方法

    // 方法一:调用start,不会开启新线程,在当前线程同步执行
    - (void)demo1 {
        NSBlockOperation *operation = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
            NSLog(@"%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
        }];
        [operation start];
    }
    //2020-01-20 09:55:12.698046+0800 多线程[28530:6301526] <NSThread: 0x6000009ce200>{number = 1, name = main}
    
    // 方法二:创建 NSOperationQueue 添加进队列
    - (void)demo2 {
        NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];
        NSBlockOperation *operation = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
            NSLog(@"%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
        }];
        [queue addOperation:operation];
    }
    //2020-01-20 09:55:32.941607+0800 多线程[28530:6301710] <NSThread: 0x6000009a7d00>{number = 6, name = (null)}
    
    // 方法三:调用队列的 addOperationWithBlock 方法
    - (void)demo3 {
        NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];
        [queue addOperationWithBlock:^{
            NSLog(@"%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
        }];
    }
    //2020-01-20 09:55:42.465422+0800 多线程[28530:6301710] <NSThread: 0x6000009a7d00>{number = 6, name = (null)}
    

    异步并发:

        NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            [queue addOperationWithBlock:^{
                NSLog(@"%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
            }];
        }
    /*
    2020-01-20 10:16:08.266873+0800 多线程[28609:6320429] <NSThread: 0x60000108f000>{number = 3, name = (null)}
    2020-01-20 10:16:08.266960+0800 多线程[28609:6321076] <NSThread: 0x6000010480c0>{number = 8, name = (null)}
    2020-01-20 10:16:08.267151+0800 多线程[28609:6321077] <NSThread: 0x600001048240>{number = 9, name = (null)}
    2020-01-20 10:16:08.268080+0800 多线程[28609:6320429] <NSThread: 0x60000108f000>{number = 3, name = (null)}
    2020-01-20 10:16:08.267340+0800 多线程[28609:6321078] <NSThread: 0x600001048540>{number = 10, name = (null)}
     */
    

    添加执行代码块:

        NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];
        NSBlockOperation *operation = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
            NSLog(@"%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
        }];
        [operation addExecutionBlock:^{
            NSLog(@"执行任务1,%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
        }];
        [operation addExecutionBlock:^{
            NSLog(@"执行任务2,%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
        }];
        [operation addExecutionBlock:^{
            NSLog(@"执行任务3,%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
        }];
        [queue addOperation:operation];
    /*
    2020-02-03 16:12:15.262259+0800 多线程[11894:2041391] <NSThread: 0x600003f27340>{number = 5, name = (null)}
    2020-02-03 16:12:15.262491+0800 多线程[11894:2041394] 执行任务1,<NSThread: 0x600003f25e80>{number = 3, name = (null)}
    2020-02-03 16:12:15.262575+0800 多线程[11894:2041399] 执行任务2,<NSThread: 0x600003fd8840>{number = 8, name = (null)}
    2020-02-03 16:12:15.262653+0800 多线程[11894:2041471] 执行任务3,<NSThread: 0x600003ff1a40>{number = 9, name = (null)}
     */
    

    完成后回调,是在子线程上执行,所以不能用来更新 UI:

        NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];
        NSBlockOperation *operation = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
            NSLog(@"hello,%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
        }];
        [operation setCompletionBlock:^{
            NSLog(@"end,%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
        }];
        [queue addOperation:operation];
    /*
    2020-01-20 10:16:42.333300+0800 多线程[28609:6321079] hello,<NSThread: 0x600001045040>{number = 11, name = (null)}
    2020-01-20 10:16:42.333687+0800 多线程[28609:6321079] end,<NSThread: 0x600001045040>{number = 11, name = (null)}
     */
    

    模拟图片下载完成后回到主线程更新 UI:

        NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];
        [queue addOperationWithBlock:^{
            NSLog(@"下载图片,%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
            [[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] addOperationWithBlock:^{
                NSLog(@"下载完成更新UI,%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
            }];
        }];
    /*
    2020-01-20 10:32:55.807874+0800 多线程[28682:6334587] 下载图片,<NSThread: 0x6000037dd480>{number = 5, name = (null)}
    2020-01-20 10:32:55.808920+0800 多线程[28682:6334435] 下载完成更新UI,<NSThread: 0x6000037a6680>{number = 1, name = main}
     */
    

    3. NSOperation 进阶

    3.1 最大并发数

    • 什么是并发数?
      并发数就是同时执行的任务数。
      比如,同时开3个线程执行3个任务,并发数就是3。
      但是,并发数是3,并不代表开启的线程数就是3,也有可能是4个或者5个。因为线程有可能在等待,进入了就绪状态。
    • 最大并发数属性:
    @property NSInteger maxConcurrentOperationCount;
    
    • 执行的过程:
      1、把操作添加到队列;
      2、去线程池去取空闲的线程,如果没有就创建线程;
      3、把操作交给线程池中取出的线程执行;
      4、执行完成后,把线程再放回线程池中;
      5、重复2,3,4直到所有的操作都执行完。
    • NSOperation 与 GCD 区别:
      GCD 会自动重用线程,而 NSOperation 不会,会一直开线程。
      而开太多线程反而会影响效率,我们需要自己控制,一般开 3-6 个。
      通过最大并发数控制:
        // 控制最大并发数为2
        NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];
        queue.maxConcurrentOperationCount = 2;
        for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
            [queue addOperationWithBlock:^{
                sleep(1);
                NSLog(@"%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
            }];
        }
    /*
    2020-01-20 11:04:07.401515+0800 多线程[28747:6348715] <NSThread: 0x6000028e9340>{number = 9, name = (null)}
    2020-01-20 11:04:07.401415+0800 多线程[28747:6359523] <NSThread: 0x6000028ee040>{number = 8, name = (null)}
    2020-01-20 11:04:08.407240+0800 多线程[28747:6348709] <NSThread: 0x600002814bc0>{number = 6, name = (null)}
    2020-01-20 11:04:08.407238+0800 多线程[28747:6359523] <NSThread: 0x6000028ee040>{number = 8, name = (null)}
    2020-01-20 11:04:09.411438+0800 多线程[28747:6359523] <NSThread: 0x6000028ee040>{number = 8, name = (null)}
    2020-01-20 11:04:09.411820+0800 多线程[28747:6359537] <NSThread: 0x6000028ee400>{number = 10, name = (null)}
     */
    

    3.2 队列的暂停/继续/取消操作

    /*
     NSOperationQueue
     */
    // YES:暂停 / NO:继续(当前正在执行的操作会执行完毕,暂停后续的所有操作)
    @property (getter=isSuspended) BOOL suspended; 
    // 取消队列中的所有操作(当前正在执行的操作会执行完毕,取消后续的所有操作)
    - (void)cancelAllOperations;
    /*
     NSOperation
     */
    // 也可以调用 NSOperation 的 cancel 方法移除单个操作
    - (void)cancel;
    
    - (IBAction)start:(id)sender {
        self.queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];
        self.queue.maxConcurrentOperationCount = 1;
        NSLog(@"开始");
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            [self.queue addOperationWithBlock:^{
                sleep(1);
                NSLog(@"操作%d,%@",i,[NSThread currentThread]);
            }];
        }
    }
    
    - (IBAction)suspend:(id)sender {
        self.queue.suspended = YES;
        NSLog(@"暂停");
    }
    
    - (IBAction)resume:(id)sender {
        self.queue.suspended = NO;
        NSLog(@"继续");
    }
    
    - (IBAction)cancel:(id)sender {
        [self.queue cancelAllOperations];
        NSLog(@"取消");
    }
    
    /*
    2020-01-20 19:40:36.128809+0800 多线程[29051:6389455] 开始
    2020-01-20 19:40:37.133303+0800 多线程[29051:6389765] 操作0,<NSThread: 0x60000161cb80>{number = 8, name = (null)}
    2020-01-20 19:40:38.138239+0800 多线程[29051:6520475] 操作1,<NSThread: 0x600001607440>{number = 9, name = (null)}
    2020-01-20 19:40:39.142707+0800 多线程[29051:6389765] 操作2,<NSThread: 0x60000161cb80>{number = 8, name = (null)}
    2020-01-20 19:40:39.804264+0800 多线程[29051:6389455] 暂停
    2020-01-20 19:40:40.145399+0800 多线程[29051:6520475] 操作3,<NSThread: 0x600001607440>{number = 9, name = (null)}
    2020-01-20 19:40:45.175465+0800 多线程[29051:6389455] 继续
    2020-01-20 19:40:46.179761+0800 多线程[29051:6520475] 操作4,<NSThread: 0x600001607440>{number = 9, name = (null)}
    2020-01-20 19:40:47.184917+0800 多线程[29051:6520585] 操作5,<NSThread: 0x6000016009c0>{number = 10, name = (null)}
    2020-01-20 19:40:48.189422+0800 多线程[29051:6520585] 操作6,<NSThread: 0x6000016009c0>{number = 10, name = (null)}
    2020-01-20 19:40:49.192921+0800 多线程[29051:6520475] 操作7,<NSThread: 0x600001607440>{number = 9, name = (null)}
    2020-01-20 19:40:49.748142+0800 多线程[29051:6389455] 取消
    2020-01-20 19:40:50.198083+0800 多线程[29051:6520585] 操作8,<NSThread: 0x6000016009c0>{number = 10, name = (null)}
     */
    

    3.3 操作执行状态控制

    操作的执行状态:

    @property (readonly, getter=isReady) BOOL ready;         //就绪
    @property (readonly, getter=isExecuting) BOOL executing; //正在执行
    @property (readonly, getter=isFinished) BOOL finished;   //完成
    @property (readonly, getter=isCancelled) BOOL cancelled; //取消
    

    怎么控制 NSOperation 的状态?

    • 如果只重写了main方法,底层控制变更操作执行完成状态,以及操作退出;
    • 如果重写了start方法,自行控制任务状态。

    系统是怎样移除一个isFinished = YES的 NSOperation 的?
    答案:通过KVO

    3.4 操作优先级与服务质量

    可以通过NSOperation 的queuePriority属性来设置操作在队列中的执行优先级

    typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, NSOperationQueuePriority) {
        NSOperationQueuePriorityVeryLow = -8L,
        NSOperationQueuePriorityLow = -4L,
        NSOperationQueuePriorityNormal = 0,
        NSOperationQueuePriorityHigh = 4,
        NSOperationQueuePriorityVeryHigh = 8
    };
    
    @property NSOperationQueuePriority queuePriority;
    

    可以通过NSOperation 的qualityOfService属性来设置操作在队列中的服务质量(iOS8 以后苹果推荐使用服务质量替代优先级)

    typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, NSQualityOfService) {
        NSQualityOfServiceUserInteractive = 0x21,
        NSQualityOfServiceUserInitiated = 0x19,
        NSQualityOfServiceUtility = 0x11,
        NSQualityOfServiceBackground = 0x09,
        NSQualityOfServiceDefault = -1
    } 
    
    @property NSQualityOfService qualityOfService;
    

    示例:

        NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];
        NSBlockOperation *op1 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
            NSLog(@"执行任务1,%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
        }];
        NSBlockOperation *op2 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
            NSLog(@"执行任务2,%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
        }];
        NSBlockOperation *op3 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
            NSLog(@"执行任务3,%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
        }];
        //设置优先级
        op1.queuePriority = NSOperationQueuePriorityLow;
        op2.queuePriority = NSOperationQueuePriorityHigh;
        op3.queuePriority = NSOperationQueuePriorityNormal;
        //将操作加入队列
        [queue addOperations:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:op1, op2, op3, nil] waitUntilFinished:YES];
    /*
    2020-01-20 20:01:03.451992+0800 多线程[29529:6537872] 执行任务2,<NSThread: 0x6000010ef100>{number = 3, name = (null)}
    2020-01-20 20:01:03.452049+0800 多线程[29529:6539534] 执行任务3,<NSThread: 0x6000010391c0>{number = 8, name = (null)}
    2020-01-20 20:01:03.452057+0800 多线程[29529:6539535] 执行任务1,<NSThread: 0x6000010c8f00>{number = 9, name = (null)}
     */
    
        NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];
        NSBlockOperation *op1 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
            NSLog(@"执行任务1,%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
        }];
        NSBlockOperation *op2 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
            NSLog(@"执行任务2,%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
        }];
        NSBlockOperation *op3 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
            NSLog(@"执行任务3,%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
        }];
        //设置服务质量
        op1.qualityOfService = NSQualityOfServiceBackground;
        op2.qualityOfService = NSQualityOfServiceUserInitiated;
        op3.qualityOfService = NSQualityOfServiceUtility;
        //将操作加入队列
        [queue addOperations:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:op1, op2, op3, nil] waitUntilFinished:YES];
    /*
    2020-01-20 20:01:44.482371+0800 多线程[29558:6540419] 执行任务2,<NSThread: 0x600002327940>{number = 6, name = (null)}
    2020-01-20 20:01:44.482387+0800 多线程[29558:6540420] 执行任务3,<NSThread: 0x6000023dcb00>{number = 7, name = (null)}
    2020-01-20 20:01:44.482371+0800 多线程[29558:6540425] 执行任务1,<NSThread: 0x600002308d80>{number = 3, name = (null)}
     */
    

    3.5 操作间依赖

    NSOperation 之间可以通过以下方法添加/移除依赖来保证执行顺序。

    // 添加操作间依赖
    - (void)addDependency:(NSOperation *)op;
    // 移除操作间依赖
    - (void)removeDependency:(NSOperation *)op;
    

    比如一定要操作 A 执行完后再执行操作 B,可以这样写:

    注意点: 不能相互依赖,如 B 依赖于 A,A 依赖于 B。

    [operationB addDependency:operationA]; // 操作B 依赖于 操作A
    

    示例:B依赖A,A依赖C(CAB)

        NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];
        NSBlockOperation *opA = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
            NSLog(@"执行任务A,%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
        }];
        NSBlockOperation *opB = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
            NSLog(@"执行任务B,%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
        }];
        NSBlockOperation *opC = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
            NSLog(@"执行任务C,%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
        }];
        //添加依赖关系
        [opB addDependency:opA];
        [opA addDependency:opC];
        //将操作加入队列
        [queue addOperations:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:opA, opB, opC, nil] waitUntilFinished:YES];
    /*
    2020-01-20 20:26:01.717558+0800 多线程[29650:6556372] 执行任务C,<NSThread: 0x600000331240>{number = 3, name = (null)}
    2020-01-20 20:26:01.718132+0800 多线程[29650:6556372] 执行任务A,<NSThread: 0x600000331240>{number = 3, name = (null)}
    2020-01-20 20:26:01.721032+0800 多线程[29650:6560162] 执行任务B,<NSThread: 0x6000003ed680>{number = 8, name = (null)}
     */
    

    可以在不同队列的操作之间添加依赖关系,同时也要避免相互依赖。


    示例:在不同队列的操作之间添加依赖(下载-解压-安装完成-通知用户)

        NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc]init];
        NSBlockOperation *op1 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
            NSLog(@"下载,%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
            sleep(1);
        }];
        NSBlockOperation *op2 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
            NSLog(@"解压,%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
            sleep(1);
        }];
        NSBlockOperation *op3 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
            NSLog(@"安装完成,%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
        }];
        NSBlockOperation *op4 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
            NSLog(@"通知用户,%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
        }];
        //添加依赖关系
        [op2 addDependency:op1];
        [op3 addDependency:op2];
        [op4 addDependency:op3];
        //将操作加入队列
        [queue addOperations:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:op1, op2, op3, nil] waitUntilFinished:YES];
        [[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] addOperation:op4];
    /*
    2020-01-20 20:38:25.298532+0800 多线程[29650:6560162] 下载,<NSThread: 0x6000003ed680>{number = 8, name = (null)}
    2020-01-20 20:38:26.304068+0800 多线程[29650:6560162] 解压,<NSThread: 0x6000003ed680>{number = 8, name = (null)}
    2020-01-20 20:38:27.309623+0800 多线程[29650:6568260] 安装完成,<NSThread: 0x6000003e5180>{number = 9, name = (null)}
    2020-01-20 20:38:27.312105+0800 多线程[29650:6556295] 通知用户,<NSThread: 0x600000362140>{number = 1, name = main}
     */
    

    相关链接

    GitHub:https://github.com/dolphin1208/Thread

    参考

    NSOperation(苹果官方文档)

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