The History of Philosophy|S01E69

Criticism-1

And ruled with almost unlimited sway half of the most powerful continent on the globe. 

The clergy, like Plato's guardians, were placed in authority not by the suffrages of the people, but by their talent as shown in ecclesiastical studies and administration, by their disposition to a life of meditation and simplicity, and (perhaps it should be added) by the influence of their relatives with the powers of state and church. 

ecclesiastical，神学的

In the latter half of the period in which they ruled, the clergy were as free from family cares as even Plato could desire; 

and in some cases, it would seem, they enjoyed no little of the reproductive freedom accorded to the guardians. 

Celibacy was part of the psychological structure of the power of the clergy; 

for on the one hand they were unimpeded by the narrowing egoism of the family, and on the other their apparent superiority to the call of the flesh added to the awe in which lay sinners held them, and to the readiness of these sinners to bare their lives in the confessional.

Much of the politics of Catholicism was derived from Plato's "royal lies," or influenced by them: the ideas of heaven, purgatory, and hell, in their medieval form, are traceable to the last book of the Republic; 

the cosmology of scholasticism comes largely from the Timæus; 

the doctrine of realism (the objective reality of general ideas) was an interpretation of the doctrine of Ideas; 

even the educational "quadrivium" (arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music) was modeled on the curriculum outlined in Plato. 

[ 01’24” ] suffrage (election，选举；选举权) 

[ 01’53” ] ecclesiastical (religious，宗教的；神学的) 

[ 02’21” ] disposition (特质) 

[ 05’18” ] accorded to (与……一致；和……相似) 

[ 06’49” ] celibacy (abstain from sex，禁欲主义) 

[ 08’02” ] narrowing (狭隘的) 

[ 08’11” ] unimpeded (畅通无阻的；未受阻的) 

[ 08’48” ] flesh (肉身) 

[ 08’45” ] awe (敬畏) 

[ 09’28” ] confessional (忏悔室) 

[ 10’38” ] Catholicism (天主教) 

[ 10’44” ] be derived from (来源于) 

[ 11’16” ] purgatory (炼狱) 

[ 11’20” ] purge (净化；清洗) 

[ 11’32” ] medieval (中世纪的) 

[ 12’02” ] cosmology (宇宙观) 

[ 12’45” ] quadrivium (中世纪的四经，算数、几何、天文和音乐)