ubuntu18.04安装PCL

安装 ros-melodic-desktop-full会自动把点云库安装配置好

注意：先把电脑的软件源改为阿里云源，否则下载东西会慢到你崩溃！！！

打开ubuntu菜单->“软件与更新”-> "下载自"-> "其他站点" ->"http://mirriors.aliyun.com/ubuntu"

打开电脑菜单“软件与更新”-> "下载自"-> "其他站点" ->http://mirriors.aliyun.com/ubuntu

1.来自中国的源：

sudo sh -c '. /etc/lsb-release && echo "deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ros/ubuntu/ $DISTRIB_CODENAME main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros-latest.list'

2.增加key

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver 'hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80' --recv-key C1CF6E31E6BADE8868B172B4F42ED6FBAB17C654

3.更新

sudo apt-get update

4.安装，这里介绍Desktop-Full安装: (Recommended) : ROS, rqt, rviz, robot-generic libraries, 2D/3D simulators, navigation and 2D/3D perception

sudo apt-get install ros-melodic-desktop-full

5.解决依赖

sudo rosdep init
rosdep update

6.环境设置

echo "source /opt/ros/melodic/setup.bash" >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

7.解决依赖包，安装rosinstall,便利的工具

sudo apt-get install python-rosinstall python-rosinstall-generator python-wstool build-essential

8.安装一些依赖，不知道有没有用的

sudo apt-get update  
sudo apt-get install git build-essential linux-libc-dev
sudo apt-get install cmake cmake-gui
sudo apt-get install libusb-1.0-0-dev libusb-dev libudev-dev
sudo apt-get install mpi-default-dev openmpi-bin openmpi-common 
sudo apt-get install libflann1.8 libflann-dev
sudo apt-get install libeigen3-dev 
sudo apt-get install libboost-all-dev
sudo apt-get install libvtk7.1-qt libvtk7.1 libvtk7-qt-dev
sudo apt-get install libqhull* libgtest-dev
sudo apt-get install freeglut3-dev pkg-config
sudo apt-get install libxmu-dev libxi-dev
sudo apt-get install mono-complete
sudo apt-get install openjdk-8-jdk openjdk-8-jre

ROS已经下载好了VTK和QT了，不过我还是贴一下源码的下载地址吧
qt的：
http://download.qt.io/archive/qt/
pcl的：
https://gitee.com/3038628074/PointCloudLibrary

然后贴3个官方源码：

1. http://pointclouds.org/documentation/tutorials/iterative_closest_point.php
   iterative_closest_point.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <pcl/io/pcd_io.h>
#include <pcl/point_types.h>
#include <pcl/registration/icp.h>

int
 main (int argc, char** argv)
{
  pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>::Ptr cloud_in (new pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>);
  pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>::Ptr cloud_out (new pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>);

cloud_in->width =5; //设置点云宽度
cloud_in->height=1; //设置点云为无序点云
cloud_in->is_dense=false;
cloud_in->points.resize(cloud_in->width*cloud_in->height);
  // Fill in the CloudIn data
  for (auto& point : *cloud_in)
  {
    point.x = 1024 * rand() / (RAND_MAX + 1.0f);
    point.y = 1024 * rand() / (RAND_MAX + 1.0f);
    point.z = 1024 * rand() / (RAND_MAX + 1.0f);
  }
  
  std::cout << "Saved " << cloud_in->points.size () << " data points to input:" << std::endl;
      
  for (auto& point : *cloud_in)
    std::cout << point << std::endl;
      
  *cloud_out = *cloud_in;
  
  std::cout << "size:" << cloud_out->points.size() << std::endl;
  for (auto& point : *cloud_out)
    point.x += 0.7f;

  std::cout << "Transformed " << cloud_in->points.size () << " data points:" << std::endl;
      
  for (auto& point : *cloud_out)
    std::cout << point << std::endl;

  pcl::IterativeClosestPoint<pcl::PointXYZ, pcl::PointXYZ> icp;
  icp.setInputSource(cloud_in);
  icp.setInputTarget(cloud_out);
  
  pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ> Final;
  icp.align(Final);

  std::cout << "has converged:" << icp.hasConverged() << " score: " <<
  icp.getFitnessScore() << std::endl;
  std::cout << icp.getFinalTransformation() << std::endl;

  for (auto& point : Final)
    std::cout << point << std::endl;

 return (0);
}

最重要的当然CMakeLists.txt了，新手啥都不懂，真的挺艰难的

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8 FATAL_ERROR)

project(iterative_closest_point)

find_package(PCL 1.2 REQUIRED)

include_directories(${PCL_INCLUDE_DIRS})
link_directories(${PCL_LIBRARY_DIRS})
add_definitions(${PCL_DEFINITIONS})

add_executable (iterative_closest_point iterative_closest_point.cpp)
target_link_libraries (iterative_closest_point ${PCL_LIBRARIES})

在cpp的目录下

mkdir build 
cd build
cmake ..
make
./iterative_closest_point

2. http://pointclouds.org/documentation/tutorials/pcl_visualizer.php
   pcl_visualizer_demo.cpp

/* \author Geoffrey Biggs */

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>

#include <pcl/common/common_headers.h>
#include <pcl/features/normal_3d.h>
#include <pcl/io/pcd_io.h>
#include <pcl/visualization/pcl_visualizer.h>
#include <pcl/console/parse.h>

using namespace std::chrono_literals;

// --------------
// -----Help-----
// --------------
void
printUsage (const char* progName)
{
  std::cout << "\n\nUsage: "<<progName<<" [options]\n\n"
            << "Options:\n"
            << "-------------------------------------------\n"
            << "-h           this help\n"
            << "-s           Simple visualisation example\n"
            << "-r           RGB colour visualisation example\n"
            << "-c           Custom colour visualisation example\n"
            << "-n           Normals visualisation example\n"
            << "-a           Shapes visualisation example\n"
            << "-v           Viewports example\n"
            << "-i           Interaction Customization example\n"
            << "\n\n";
}


pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer::Ptr simpleVis (pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>::ConstPtr cloud)
{
  // --------------------------------------------
  // -----Open 3D viewer and add point cloud-----
  // --------------------------------------------
  pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer::Ptr viewer (new pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer ("3D Viewer"));
  viewer->setBackgroundColor (0, 0, 0);
  viewer->addPointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ> (cloud, "sample cloud");
  viewer->setPointCloudRenderingProperties (pcl::visualization::PCL_VISUALIZER_POINT_SIZE, 1, "sample cloud");
  viewer->addCoordinateSystem (1.0);
  viewer->initCameraParameters ();
  return (viewer);
}


pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer::Ptr rgbVis (pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZRGB>::ConstPtr cloud)
{
  // --------------------------------------------
  // -----Open 3D viewer and add point cloud-----
  // --------------------------------------------
  pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer::Ptr viewer (new pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer ("3D Viewer"));
  viewer->setBackgroundColor (0, 0, 0);
  pcl::visualization::PointCloudColorHandlerRGBField<pcl::PointXYZRGB> rgb(cloud);
  viewer->addPointCloud<pcl::PointXYZRGB> (cloud, rgb, "sample cloud");
  viewer->setPointCloudRenderingProperties (pcl::visualization::PCL_VISUALIZER_POINT_SIZE, 3, "sample cloud");
  viewer->addCoordinateSystem (1.0);
  viewer->initCameraParameters ();
  return (viewer);
}


pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer::Ptr customColourVis (pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>::ConstPtr cloud)
{
  // --------------------------------------------
  // -----Open 3D viewer and add point cloud-----
  // --------------------------------------------
  pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer::Ptr viewer (new pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer ("3D Viewer"));
  viewer->setBackgroundColor (0, 0, 0);
  pcl::visualization::PointCloudColorHandlerCustom<pcl::PointXYZ> single_color(cloud, 0, 255, 0);
  viewer->addPointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ> (cloud, single_color, "sample cloud");
  viewer->setPointCloudRenderingProperties (pcl::visualization::PCL_VISUALIZER_POINT_SIZE, 3, "sample cloud");
  viewer->addCoordinateSystem (1.0);
  viewer->initCameraParameters ();
  return (viewer);
}


pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer::Ptr normalsVis (
    pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZRGB>::ConstPtr cloud, pcl::PointCloud<pcl::Normal>::ConstPtr normals)
{
  // --------------------------------------------------------
  // -----Open 3D viewer and add point cloud and normals-----
  // --------------------------------------------------------
  pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer::Ptr viewer (new pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer ("3D Viewer"));
  viewer->setBackgroundColor (0, 0, 0);
  pcl::visualization::PointCloudColorHandlerRGBField<pcl::PointXYZRGB> rgb(cloud);
  viewer->addPointCloud<pcl::PointXYZRGB> (cloud, rgb, "sample cloud");
  viewer->setPointCloudRenderingProperties (pcl::visualization::PCL_VISUALIZER_POINT_SIZE, 3, "sample cloud");
  viewer->addPointCloudNormals<pcl::PointXYZRGB, pcl::Normal> (cloud, normals, 10, 0.05, "normals");
  viewer->addCoordinateSystem (1.0);
  viewer->initCameraParameters ();
  return (viewer);
}


pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer::Ptr shapesVis (pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZRGB>::ConstPtr cloud)
{
  // --------------------------------------------
  // -----Open 3D viewer and add point cloud-----
  // --------------------------------------------
  pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer::Ptr viewer (new pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer ("3D Viewer"));
  viewer->setBackgroundColor (0, 0, 0);
  pcl::visualization::PointCloudColorHandlerRGBField<pcl::PointXYZRGB> rgb(cloud);
  viewer->addPointCloud<pcl::PointXYZRGB> (cloud, rgb, "sample cloud");
  viewer->setPointCloudRenderingProperties (pcl::visualization::PCL_VISUALIZER_POINT_SIZE, 3, "sample cloud");
  viewer->addCoordinateSystem (1.0);
  viewer->initCameraParameters ();

  //------------------------------------
  //-----Add shapes at cloud points-----
  //------------------------------------
  viewer->addLine<pcl::PointXYZRGB> (cloud->points[0],
                                     cloud->points[cloud->size() - 1], "line");
  viewer->addSphere (cloud->points[0], 0.2, 0.5, 0.5, 0.0, "sphere");

  //---------------------------------------
  //-----Add shapes at other locations-----
  //---------------------------------------
  pcl::ModelCoefficients coeffs;
  coeffs.values.push_back (0.0);
  coeffs.values.push_back (0.0);
  coeffs.values.push_back (1.0);
  coeffs.values.push_back (0.0);
  viewer->addPlane (coeffs, "plane");
  coeffs.values.clear ();
  coeffs.values.push_back (0.3);
  coeffs.values.push_back (0.3);
  coeffs.values.push_back (0.0);
  coeffs.values.push_back (0.0);
  coeffs.values.push_back (1.0);
  coeffs.values.push_back (0.0);
  coeffs.values.push_back (5.0);
  viewer->addCone (coeffs, "cone");

  return (viewer);
}


pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer::Ptr viewportsVis (
    pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZRGB>::ConstPtr cloud, pcl::PointCloud<pcl::Normal>::ConstPtr normals1, pcl::PointCloud<pcl::Normal>::ConstPtr normals2)
{
  // --------------------------------------------------------
  // -----Open 3D viewer and add point cloud and normals-----
  // --------------------------------------------------------
  pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer::Ptr viewer (new pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer ("3D Viewer"));
  viewer->initCameraParameters ();

  int v1(0);
  viewer->createViewPort(0.0, 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, v1);
  viewer->setBackgroundColor (0, 0, 0, v1);
  viewer->addText("Radius: 0.01", 10, 10, "v1 text", v1);
  pcl::visualization::PointCloudColorHandlerRGBField<pcl::PointXYZRGB> rgb(cloud);
  viewer->addPointCloud<pcl::PointXYZRGB> (cloud, rgb, "sample cloud1", v1);

  int v2(0);
  viewer->createViewPort(0.5, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0, v2);
  viewer->setBackgroundColor (0.3, 0.3, 0.3, v2);
  viewer->addText("Radius: 0.1", 10, 10, "v2 text", v2);
  pcl::visualization::PointCloudColorHandlerCustom<pcl::PointXYZRGB> single_color(cloud, 0, 255, 0);
  viewer->addPointCloud<pcl::PointXYZRGB> (cloud, single_color, "sample cloud2", v2);

  viewer->setPointCloudRenderingProperties (pcl::visualization::PCL_VISUALIZER_POINT_SIZE, 3, "sample cloud1");
  viewer->setPointCloudRenderingProperties (pcl::visualization::PCL_VISUALIZER_POINT_SIZE, 3, "sample cloud2");
  viewer->addCoordinateSystem (1.0);

  viewer->addPointCloudNormals<pcl::PointXYZRGB, pcl::Normal> (cloud, normals1, 10, 0.05, "normals1", v1);
  viewer->addPointCloudNormals<pcl::PointXYZRGB, pcl::Normal> (cloud, normals2, 10, 0.05, "normals2", v2);

  return (viewer);
}


unsigned int text_id = 0;
void keyboardEventOccurred (const pcl::visualization::KeyboardEvent &event,
                            void* viewer_void)
{
  pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer *viewer = static_cast<pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer *> (viewer_void);
  if (event.getKeySym () == "r" && event.keyDown ())
  {
    std::cout << "r was pressed => removing all text" << std::endl;

    char str[512];
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < text_id; ++i)
    {
      sprintf (str, "text#%03d", i);
      viewer->removeShape (str);
    }
    text_id = 0;
  }
}

void mouseEventOccurred (const pcl::visualization::MouseEvent &event,
                         void* viewer_void)
{
  pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer *viewer = static_cast<pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer *> (viewer_void);
  if (event.getButton () == pcl::visualization::MouseEvent::LeftButton &&
      event.getType () == pcl::visualization::MouseEvent::MouseButtonRelease)
  {
    std::cout << "Left mouse button released at position (" << event.getX () << ", " << event.getY () << ")" << std::endl;

    char str[512];
    sprintf (str, "text#%03d", text_id ++);
    viewer->addText ("clicked here", event.getX (), event.getY (), str);
  }
}

pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer::Ptr interactionCustomizationVis ()
{
  pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer::Ptr viewer (new pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer ("3D Viewer"));
  viewer->setBackgroundColor (0, 0, 0);
  viewer->addCoordinateSystem (1.0);

  viewer->registerKeyboardCallback (keyboardEventOccurred, (void*)viewer.get ());
  viewer->registerMouseCallback (mouseEventOccurred, (void*)viewer.get ());

  return (viewer);
}


// --------------
// -----Main-----
// --------------
int
main (int argc, char** argv)
{
  // --------------------------------------
  // -----Parse Command Line Arguments-----
  // --------------------------------------
  if (pcl::console::find_argument (argc, argv, "-h") >= 0)
  {
    printUsage (argv[0]);
    return 0;
  }
  bool simple(false), rgb(false), custom_c(false), normals(false),
    shapes(false), viewports(false), interaction_customization(false);
  if (pcl::console::find_argument (argc, argv, "-s") >= 0)
  {
    simple = true;
    std::cout << "Simple visualisation example\n";
  }
  else if (pcl::console::find_argument (argc, argv, "-c") >= 0)
  {
    custom_c = true;
    std::cout << "Custom colour visualisation example\n";
  }
  else if (pcl::console::find_argument (argc, argv, "-r") >= 0)
  {
    rgb = true;
    std::cout << "RGB colour visualisation example\n";
  }
  else if (pcl::console::find_argument (argc, argv, "-n") >= 0)
  {
    normals = true;
    std::cout << "Normals visualisation example\n";
  }
  else if (pcl::console::find_argument (argc, argv, "-a") >= 0)
  {
    shapes = true;
    std::cout << "Shapes visualisation example\n";
  }
  else if (pcl::console::find_argument (argc, argv, "-v") >= 0)
  {
    viewports = true;
    std::cout << "Viewports example\n";
  }
  else if (pcl::console::find_argument (argc, argv, "-i") >= 0)
  {
    interaction_customization = true;
    std::cout << "Interaction Customization example\n";
  }
  else
  {
    printUsage (argv[0]);
    return 0;
  }

  // ------------------------------------
  // -----Create example point cloud-----
  // ------------------------------------
  pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>::Ptr basic_cloud_ptr (new pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>);
  pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZRGB>::Ptr point_cloud_ptr (new pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZRGB>);
  std::cout << "Generating example point clouds.\n\n";
  // We're going to make an ellipse extruded along the z-axis. The colour for
  // the XYZRGB cloud will gradually go from red to green to blue.
  std::uint8_t r(255), g(15), b(15);
  for (float z(-1.0); z <= 1.0; z += 0.05)
  {
    for (float angle(0.0); angle <= 360.0; angle += 5.0)
    {
      pcl::PointXYZ basic_point;
      basic_point.x = 0.5 * std::cos (pcl::deg2rad(angle));
      basic_point.y = sinf (pcl::deg2rad(angle));
      basic_point.z = z;
      basic_cloud_ptr->points.push_back(basic_point);

      pcl::PointXYZRGB point;
      point.x = basic_point.x;
      point.y = basic_point.y;
      point.z = basic_point.z;
      std::uint32_t rgb = (static_cast<std::uint32_t>(r) << 16 |
              static_cast<std::uint32_t>(g) << 8 | static_cast<std::uint32_t>(b));
      point.rgb = *reinterpret_cast<float*>(&rgb);
      point_cloud_ptr->points.push_back (point);
    }
    if (z < 0.0)
    {
      r -= 12;
      g += 12;
    }
    else
    {
      g -= 12;
      b += 12;
    }
  }
  basic_cloud_ptr->width = (int) basic_cloud_ptr->points.size ();
  basic_cloud_ptr->height = 1;
  point_cloud_ptr->width = (int) point_cloud_ptr->points.size ();
  point_cloud_ptr->height = 1;

  // ----------------------------------------------------------------
  // -----Calculate surface normals with a search radius of 0.05-----
  // ----------------------------------------------------------------
  pcl::NormalEstimation<pcl::PointXYZRGB, pcl::Normal> ne;
  ne.setInputCloud (point_cloud_ptr);
  pcl::search::KdTree<pcl::PointXYZRGB>::Ptr tree (new pcl::search::KdTree<pcl::PointXYZRGB> ());
  ne.setSearchMethod (tree);
  pcl::PointCloud<pcl::Normal>::Ptr cloud_normals1 (new pcl::PointCloud<pcl::Normal>);
  ne.setRadiusSearch (0.05);
  ne.compute (*cloud_normals1);

  // ---------------------------------------------------------------
  // -----Calculate surface normals with a search radius of 0.1-----
  // ---------------------------------------------------------------
  pcl::PointCloud<pcl::Normal>::Ptr cloud_normals2 (new pcl::PointCloud<pcl::Normal>);
  ne.setRadiusSearch (0.1);
  ne.compute (*cloud_normals2);

  pcl::visualization::PCLVisualizer::Ptr viewer;
  if (simple)
  {
    viewer = simpleVis(basic_cloud_ptr);
  }
  else if (rgb)
  {
    viewer = rgbVis(point_cloud_ptr);
  }
  else if (custom_c)
  {
    viewer = customColourVis(basic_cloud_ptr);
  }
  else if (normals)
  {
    viewer = normalsVis(point_cloud_ptr, cloud_normals2);
  }
  else if (shapes)
  {
    viewer = shapesVis(point_cloud_ptr);
  }
  else if (viewports)
  {
    viewer = viewportsVis(point_cloud_ptr, cloud_normals1, cloud_normals2);
  }
  else if (interaction_customization)
  {
    viewer = interactionCustomizationVis();
  }

  //--------------------
  // -----Main loop-----
  //--------------------
  while (!viewer->wasStopped ())
  {
    viewer->spinOnce (100);
    std::this_thread::sleep_for(100ms);
  }
}

CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.6 FATAL_ERROR)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)

project(pcl_visualizer_viewports)

find_package(PCL 1.2 REQUIRED)

include_directories(${PCL_INCLUDE_DIRS})
link_directories(${PCL_LIBRARY_DIRS})
add_definitions(${PCL_DEFINITIONS})

add_executable (pcl_visualizer_demo pcl_visualizer_demo.cpp)
target_link_libraries (pcl_visualizer_demo ${PCL_LIBRARIES})

查看参数功能
./pcl_visualizer_demo -h

3. http://pointclouds.org/documentation/tutorials/interactive_icp.php