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好书

BBC 最新发布百本经典书单，你看过几本？

雪梨2018-06-16

雪梨

流利阅读内容负责人

哈佛大学语言教育硕士

雪梨读诗栏目创始人

今日导读

俗话说 “腹有诗书气自华”，读书是最价廉物美的化妆品之一，它能让你增长见识，提升气质。今年 4 月，BBC 发起有关“影响思维和历史的 100 部虚构故事”活动的推荐评选，最终 100 本改变世界的经典书单终于在一周前新鲜出炉。最终入选的书籍有哪些呢？最受欢迎的作家又是谁？今天我们就跟着博览群书的雪梨老师一起来看看这张书单吧！

带着问题听讲解

Q1: 书单中排名第一的是哪本书？

Q2: 参与投票的都是哪些权威人士？

Q3: commend 这个词是什么意思？

新闻正文

The 100 stories that shaped the world

100 个塑造了世界的故事

In April, BBC Culture polled experts around the world to nominate up to five fictional stories they felt had shaped mindsets or influenced history. We received answers from 108 authors, academics, journalists, critics and translators in 35 countries – their choices took in novels, poems, folk tales and dramas in 33 different languages.

今年四月，BBC 文化板块邀请全世界的专业人士参与投票，让他们提名最多五部他们认为塑造了思维方式或者影响了历史的虚构文学。 我们收到了来自 35 个国家的 108 位作者、学者、记者、评论家以及译者的答案——他们的选择覆盖了 33 种不同语言的小说，诗歌，民间故事和戏剧。

Homer’s Odyssey topped the list, followed by Uncle Tom’s Cabin – examples of the different ways in which respondents interpreted a ‘world-shaping story’, with the ancient epic having survived generations of retelling, while Harriet Beecher Stowe’s 1852 novel was commended for being “the first widely-read political novel in the US”. Frankenstein, Nineteen Eighty-Four and Things Fall Apart rounded up the top five – which features two female authors (in all, women made up 23 of the top 100 authors).

荷马的《奥德赛》高居榜首，其次是《汤姆叔叔的小屋》——这两本书是调访对象用不同方式解读“塑造世界的故事”的例子，前者是经历了几代复述的古代史诗，而哈丽特·比彻斯托 1852 年的小说则被赞誉为“美国第一部被广泛阅读的政治小说”。《弗兰肯斯坦》，《一九八四》和《瓦解》也跻身前五位—— 前五中包括两位女作家（前 100 位作家中一共有23位女性）。

The most popular authors of the top 100 stories were Shakespeare, Virginia Woolf and Franz Kafka, with three stories each. In among the recognised classics, there are a few texts less well-known globally: Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle, which directly led to the introduction of new federal laws on food safety, and Toba Tek Singh by Saadat Hasan Manto, praised as “a classic short story that translates the trauma of Partition through the post-Partition exchange of lunatics across the India and Pakistan border”.

前 100 名故事中最受欢迎的作家是莎士比亚，弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫和弗朗茨·卡夫卡，每人各有三部作品入选。 在公认的经典文学中，有一些在全球范围内不太知名：厄普顿·辛克莱的《屠宰场》直接导致了新的联邦食品安全法的出台，而萨达·特哈桑·曼托的《托巴特辛格》则被称赞为“一本经典经典短篇小说，描述了印巴分治后一群精神病人在印度和巴基斯坦的边界处被交换，以此来解释领土分裂带来的创伤”。

It’s not a definitive list. This is just a starting point, aiming to spark a conversation about why some stories endure; how they continue to resonate centuries and millennia after they were created. And why sharing those stories is a fundamental human impulse: one that can overcome division, inspire change, and even spark revolutions.

这不是一个决定性的清单。 它只是一个起点，旨在引发人们讨论，为什么有些故事能够持久，以及它们在被创作之后的几个世纪甚至几千年内是如何继续产生共鸣的。 我们也希望读者可以讨论，为何分享这些故事是一种基本的人类冲动：一个可以克服分裂，激发变化，甚至引发革命的冲动。

—————  文章来源 / BBC新闻

重点词汇

poll/poʊl/

v. 投票

e.g.

carry out/conduct a poll

an opinion poll

respondent/rɪˈspɑːndənt/

n. 调查对象

commend/kəˈmend/

v. 赞誉

e.g.

It says on the back cover of the book "highly commended".

trauma/ˈtraʊmə/

n. 创伤，痛苦经历

e.g.

the trauma of marriage breakdown

childhood traumas

partition/pɑːrˈtɪʃn/

n. 分裂

e.g.

Both sides agreed to the partition of the disputed territory.

lunatic/ˈluːnətɪk/

n. 疯子

e.g.

He drives like a lunatic.

resonate/ˈrezəneɪt/

v. 回响，回荡

division/dɪˈvɪʒn/

n. 分开，分隔

round up

聚拢，聚集

e.g.

We've rounded up a selection of products.

拓展内容

BBC 发布的 100 本经典书单

1. The Odyssey (Homer, 8th Century BC)

2. Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1852)

3. Frankenstein (Mary Shelley, 1818)

4. Nineteen Eighty-Four (George Orwell, 1949)

5. Things Fall Apart (Chinua Achebe, 1958)

6. One Thousand and One Nights (various authors, 8th-18th Centuries)

7. Don Quixote (Miguel de Cervantes, 1605-1615)

8. Hamlet (William Shakespeare, 1603)

9. One Hundred Years of Solitude (Gabriel García Márquez, 1967)

10. The Iliad (Homer, 8th Century BC)

11. Beloved (Toni Morrison, 1987)

12. The Divine Comedy (Dante Alighieri, 1308-1320)

13. Romeo and Juliet (William Shakespeare, 1597)

14. The Epic of Gilgamesh (author unknown, circa 22nd-10th Centuries BC)

15. Harry Potter Series (JK Rowling, 1997-2007)

16. The Handmaid's Tale (Margaret Atwood, 1985)

17. Ulysses (James Joyce, 1922)

18. Animal Farm (George Orwell, 1945)

19. Jane Eyre (Charlotte Brontë, 1847)

20. Madame Bovary (Gustave Flaubert, 1856)

21. Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Luo Guanzhong, 1321-1323)

22. Journey to the West (Wu Cheng'en, circa 1592)

23. Crime and Punishment (Fyodor Dostoyevksy, 1866)

24. Pride and Prejudice (Jane Austen, 1813)

25. Water Margin (attributed to Shi Nai'an, 1589)

26. War and Peace (Leo Tolstoy, 1865-1867)

27. To Kill a Mockingbird (Harper Lee, 1960)

28. Wide Sargasso Sea (Jean Rhys, 1966)

29. Aesop's Fables (Aesop, circa 620 to 560 BC)

30. Candide (Voltaire, 1759)

31. Medea (Euripides, 431 BC)

32. The Mahabharata (attributed to Vyasa, 4th Century BC)

33. King Lear (William Shakespeare, 1608)

34. The Tale of Genji (Murasaki Shikibu, before 1021)

35. The Sorrows of Young Werther (Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 1774)

36. The Trial (Franz Kafka, 1925)

37. Remembrance of Things Past (Marcel Proust, 1913-1927)

38. Wuthering Heights (Emily Brontë, 1847)

39. Invisible Man (Ralph Ellison, 1952)

40. Moby-Dick (Herman Melville, 1851)

41. Their Eyes Were Watching God (Zora Neale Hurston, 1937)

42. To the Lighthouse (Virginia Woolf, 1927)

43. The True Story of Ah Q (Lu Xun, 1921-1922)

44. Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (Lewis Carroll, 1865)

45. Anna Karenina (Leo Tolstoy, 1873-1877)

46. Heart of Darkness (Joseph Conrad, 1899)

47. Monkey Grip (Helen Garner, 1977)

48. Mrs Dalloway (Virginia Woolf, 1925)

49. Oedipus the King (Sophocles, 429 BC)

50. The Metamorphosis (Franz Kafka, 1915)

51. The Oresteia (Aeschylus, 5th Century BC)

52. Cinderella (unknown author and date)

53. Howl (Allen Ginsberg, 1956)

54. Les Misérables (Victor Hugo, 1862)

55. Middlemarch (George Eliot, 1871-1872)

56. Pedro Páramo (Juan Rulfo, 1955)

57. The Butterfly Lovers (folk story, various versions)

58. The Canterbury Tales (Geoffrey Chaucer, 1387)

59. The Panchatantra (attributed to Vishnu Sharma, circa 300 BC)

60. The Posthumous Memoirs of Bras Cubas (Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, 1881)

61. The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (Muriel Spark, 1961)

62. The Ragged-Trousered Philanthropists (Robert Tressell, 1914)

63. Song of Lawino (Okot p'Bitek, 1966)

64. The Golden Notebook (Doris Lessing, 1962)

65. Midnight's Children (Salman Rushdie, 1981)

66. Nervous Conditions (Tsitsi Dangarembga, 1988)

67. The Little Prince (Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, 1943)

68. The Master and Margarita (Mikhail Bulgakov, 1967)

69. The Ramayana (attributed to Valmiki, 11th Century BC)

70. Antigone (Sophocles, c 441 BC)

71. Dracula (Bram Stoker, 1897)

72. The Left Hand of Darkness (Ursula K Le Guin, 1969)

73. A Christmas Carol (Charles Dickens, 1843)

74. América (Raúl Otero Reiche, 1980)

75. Before the Law (Franz Kafka, 1915)

76. Children of Gebelawi (Naguib Mahfouz, 1967)

77. Il Canzoniere (Petrarch, 1374)

78. Kebra Nagast (various authors, 1322)

79. Little Women (Louisa May Alcott, 1868-1869)

80. Metamorphoses (Ovid, 8 AD)

81. Omeros (Derek Walcott, 1990)

82. One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, 1962)

83. Orlando (Virginia Woolf, 1928)

84. Rainbow Serpent (Aboriginal Australian story cycle, date unknown)

85. Revolutionary Road (Richard Yates, 1961)

86. Robinson Crusoe (Daniel Defoe, 1719)

87. Song of Myself (Walt Whitman, 1855)

88. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (Mark Twain, 1884)

89. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (Mark Twain, 1876)

90. The Aleph (Jorge Luis Borges, 1945)

91. The Eloquent Peasant (ancient Egyptian folk story, circa 2000 BC)

92. The Emperor's New Clothes (Hans Christian Andersen, 1837)

93. The Jungle (Upton Sinclair, 1906)

94. The Khamriyyat (Abu Nuwas, late 8th-early 9th Century)

95. The Radetzky March (Joseph Roth, 1932)

96. The Raven (Edgar Allan Poe, 1845)

97. The Satanic Verses (Salman Rushdie, 1988)

98. The Secret History (Donna Tartt, 1992)

99. The Snowy Day (Ezra Jack Keats, 1962)

100. Toba Tek Singh (Saadat Hasan Manto, 1955)

视频小福利

接下来，就让我们通过一个小视频来看看名人对“读书”的看法吧！