本库为SQL的学习笔记：数据库语句的基本使用，以终端操作Mysql为例，包括增删改查，约束条件，分类查询语句等。此笔记为b站课程学习时记录，网址为https://www.bilibili.com /视频/ av39807944 /？p = 1
mysql> create database selectTest;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| rest |
| selectTest |
| sys |
| test |
+--------------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use selectTest
Database changed
--学生表
--STUDENT
--学号
--姓名
--性别
--出生年月日
--所在班级
create table student(
sno varchar(20) primary key,
sname varchar(20) not null,
ssex varchar(10) not null,
sbirthday datetime,
class varchar(20)
);
mysql> create table student(
-> sno varchar(20) primary key,
-> sname varchar(20) not null,
-> ssex varchar(10) not null,
-> sbirthday datetime,
-> class varchar(20)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+----------------------+
| Tables_in_selecttest |
+----------------------+
| student |
+----------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
--教师表
--Teacher
--教师编号
--教师名字
--教师性别
--出生年月日
--职称
--所在部门
create table teacher(
tno varchar(20) primary key,
tname varchar(20) not null,
tsex varchar(10) not null,
tbirthday datetime,
prof varchar(20) not null,
depart varchar(20) not null
);
mysql> create table teacher(
-> tno varchar(20) primary key,
-> tname varchar(20) not null,
-> tsex varchar(10) not null,
-> tbirthday datetime,
-> prof varchar(20) not null,
-> depart varchar(20) not null
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
--课程表
--course
--课程号
--课程名称
--教师编号
create table course(
cno varchar(20) primary key,
cname varchar(20) not null,
tno varchar(20) not null,
foreign key(tno) references teacher(tno)
);
mysql> create table course(
-> cno varchar(20) primary key,
-> cname varchar(20) not null,
-> tno varchar(20) not null,
-> foreign key(tno) references teacher(tno)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
--成绩表
--Score
--学号
--课程号
--成绩
create table score(
sno varchar(20) not null,
cno varchar(20) not null,
degree decimal,
foreign key(sno) references student(sno),
foreign key(cno) references course(cno),
primary key(sno,cno)
);
mysql> create table score(
-> sno varchar(20) primary key,
-> cno varchar(20) not null,
-> degree decimal,
-> foreign key(sno) references student(sno),
-> foreign key(cno) references course(cno)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> show tables;
+----------------------+
| Tables_in_selecttest |
+----------------------+
| course |
| score |
| student |
| teacher |
+----------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> descibe courese;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'descibe courese' at line 1
mysql> describe course;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| cno | varchar(20) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| cname | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| tno | varchar(20) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> describe score;
+--------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| sno | varchar(20) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| cno | varchar(20) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| degree | decimal(10,0) | YES | | NULL | |
+--------+---------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> describe student;
+-----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| sno | varchar(20) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| sname | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| ssex | varchar(10) | NO | | NULL | |
| sbirthday | datetime | YES | | NULL | |
| class | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
+-----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> describe teacher;
+-----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| tno | varchar(20) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| tname | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| tsex | varchar(10) | NO | | NULL | |
| tbirthday | datetime | YES | | NULL | |
| prof | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| depart | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
+-----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
--数值为空，填充数值
insert into student values('101','曾华','男','1977-09-01','95033');
insert into student values('102','匡明','男','1975-10-02','95031');
insert into student values('103','王丽','女','1976-01-23','95033');
insert into student values('104','李军','男','1976-02-20','95033');
insert into student values('105','王芳','女','1975-02-10','95031');
insert into student values('106','陆君','男','1974-06-03','95031');
insert into student values('107','季军','男','1976-02-20','95033');
insert into student values('108','王尼玛','男','1976-02-20','95033');
insert into student values('109','张全蛋','男','1975-02-10','95031');
mysql> select * from student;
+-----+-----------+------+---------------------+-------+
| sno | sname | ssex | sbirthday | class |
+-----+-----------+------+---------------------+-------+
| 101 | 曾华 | 男 | 1977-09-01 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 102 | 匡明 | 男 | 1975-10-02 00:00:00 | 95031 |
| 103 | 王丽 | 女 | 1976-01-23 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 104 | 李军 | 男 | 1976-02-20 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 105 | 王芳 | 女 | 1975-02-10 00:00:00 | 95031 |
| 106 | 陆君 | 男 | 1974-06-03 00:00:00 | 95031 |
| 107 | 季军 | 男 | 1976-02-20 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 108 | 王尼玛 | 男 | 1976-02-20 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 109 | 张全蛋 | 男 | 1975-02-10 00:00:00 | 95031 |
+-----+-----------+------+---------------------+-------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
insert into teacher values('804','李诚','男','1958-12-02','副教授','计算机系');
insert into teacher values('856','张旭','男','1969-03-12','讲师','电子工程系');
insert into teacher values('825','王萍','女','1972-05-05','助教','计算机系');
insert into teacher values('831','刘冰','女','1977-08-14','助教','电子工程系系');
+-----+--------+------+---------------------+-----------+--------------------+
| tno | tname | tsex | tbirthday | prof | depart |
+-----+--------+------+---------------------+-----------+--------------------+
| 804 | 李诚 | 男 | 1958-12-02 00:00:00 | 副教授 | 计算机系 |
| 825 | 王萍 | 女 | 1972-05-05 00:00:00 | 助教 | 计算机系 |
| 831 | 刘冰 | 女 | 1977-08-14 00:00:00 | 助教 | 电子工程系系 |
| 856 | 张旭 | 男 | 1969-03-12 00:00:00 | 讲师 | 电子工程系 |
+-----+--------+------+---------------------+-----------+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
insert into course values('3-105','计算机导论','825');
insert into course values('3-245','操作系统','804');
insert into course values('6-166','数字电路','856');
insert into course values('9-888','高等数学','831');
mysql> select * from course;
+-------+-----------------+-----+
| cno | cname | tno |
+-------+-----------------+-----+
| 3-105 | 计算机导论 | 825 |
| 3-245 | 操作系统 | 804 |
| 6-166 | 数字电路 | 856 |
| 9-888 | 高等数学 | 831 |
+-------+-----------------+-----+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
insert into score values('103','3-105','86');
insert into score values('105','3-245','75');
insert into score values('105','3-105','88');
insert into score values('109','3-105','76');
insert into score values('103','6-166','85');
insert into score values('105','6-166','79');
insert into score values('109','6-166','81');
insert into score values('109','3-245','81');
mysql> select * from score;
+-----+-------+--------+
| sno | cno | degree |
+-----+-------+--------+
| 103 | 3-105 | 92 |
| 103 | 6-166 | 85 |
| 105 | 3-105 | 88 |
| 105 | 3-245 | 75 |
| 105 | 6-166 | 79 |
| 109 | 3-105 | 76 |
| 109 | 3-245 | 68 |
| 109 | 6-166 | 81 |
+-----+-------+--------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--查询练习：
--1.检查student表中所有记录：
select * from student;
mysql> select * from student;
+-----+-----------+------+---------------------+-------+
| sno | sname | ssex | sbirthday | class |
+-----+-----------+------+---------------------+-------+
| 101 | 曾华 | 男 | 1977-09-01 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 102 | 匡明 | 男 | 1975-10-02 00:00:00 | 95031 |
| 103 | 王丽 | 女 | 1976-01-23 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 104 | 李军 | 男 | 1976-02-20 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 105 | 王芳 | 女 | 1975-02-10 00:00:00 | 95031 |
| 106 | 陆君 | 男 | 1974-06-03 00:00:00 | 95031 |
| 107 | 季军 | 男 | 1976-02-20 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 108 | 王尼玛 | 男 | 1976-02-20 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 109 | 张全蛋 | 男 | 1975-02-10 00:00:00 | 95031 |
+-----+-----------+------+---------------------+-------+
9 rows in set (0.01 sec)
--2.查询student表中的所有记录的sname、ssex和class列
select sname,ssex,class from student;
mysql> select sname,ssex,class from student;
+-----------+------+-------+
| sname | ssex | class |
+-----------+------+-------+
| 曾华 | 男 | 95033 |
| 匡明 | 男 | 95031 |
| 王丽 | 女 | 95033 |
| 李军 | 男 | 95033 |
| 王芳 | 女 | 95031 |
| 陆君 | 男 | 95031 |
| 季军 | 男 | 95033 |
| 王尼玛 | 男 | 95033 |
| 张全蛋 | 男 | 95031 |
+-----------+------+-------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--3.查询教师所有的单位即不重复的depart列。
select distinct depart from teacher;
mysql> select distinct depart from teacher;
+--------------------+
| depart |
+--------------------+
| 计算机系 |
| 电子工程系系 |
| 电子工程系 |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--4.查询score表中成绩在60到80之间的所有记录。
select * from score where degree between 60 and 80;
mysql> select * from score where degree between 60 and 80;
+-----+-------+--------+
| sno | cno | degree |
+-----+-------+--------+
| 105 | 3-245 | 75 |
| 105 | 6-166 | 79 |
| 109 | 3-105 | 76 |
| 109 | 3-245 | 68 |
+-----+-------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
select * from score where degree >60 and degree<80;
--5.查询score 表中成绩为85,86或88的记录。
select * from score where degree in (85,86,88);
mysql> select * from score where degree in (85,86,88);
+-----+-------+--------+
| sno | cno | degree |
+-----+-------+--------+
| 103 | 6-166 | 85 |
| 105 | 3-105 | 88 |
+-----+-------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
--6.查询student表中“95031”班或性别为“女”的同学记录。
select * from student where sno='95031' or ssex='女';
mysql> select * from student where sno='95031' or ssex='女';
+-----+--------+------+---------------------+-------+
| sno | sname | ssex | sbirthday | class |
+-----+--------+------+---------------------+-------+
| 103 | 王丽 | 女 | 1976-01-23 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 105 | 王芳 | 女 | 1975-02-10 00:00:00 | 95031 |
+-----+--------+------+---------------------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--7.以class降序查询student表的所有记录。
select * from student
order by class desc;
mysql> select * from student
-> order by class desc;
+-----+-----------+------+---------------------+-------+
| sno | sname | ssex | sbirthday | class |
+-----+-----------+------+---------------------+-------+
| 101 | 曾华 | 男 | 1977-09-01 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 103 | 王丽 | 女 | 1976-01-23 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 104 | 李军 | 男 | 1976-02-20 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 107 | 季军 | 男 | 1976-02-20 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 108 | 王尼玛 | 男 | 1976-02-20 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 102 | 匡明 | 男 | 1975-10-02 00:00:00 | 95031 |
| 105 | 王芳 | 女 | 1975-02-10 00:00:00 | 95031 |
| 106 | 陆君 | 男 | 1974-06-03 00:00:00 | 95031 |
| 109 | 张全蛋 | 男 | 1975-02-10 00:00:00 | 95031 |
+-----+-----------+------+---------------------+-------+
--8.以cno升序、degree降序查询score表的所有记录。
select * from score
order by cno asc,degree desc;
mysql> select * from score
-> order by cno asc,degree desc;
+-----+-------+--------+
| sno | cno | degree |
+-----+-------+--------+
| 103 | 3-105 | 92 |
| 105 | 3-105 | 88 |
| 109 | 3-105 | 76 |
| 105 | 3-245 | 75 |
| 109 | 3-245 | 68 |
| 103 | 6-166 | 85 |
| 109 | 6-166 | 81 |
| 105 | 6-166 | 79 |
+-----+-------+--------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--9.查询"95031"班的人数。
select count(*) from student where class='95031';
mysql> select count(*) from student where class='95031';
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 4 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from student where class='95031';
+-----+-----------+------+---------------------+-------+
| sno | sname | ssex | sbirthday | class |
+-----+-----------+------+---------------------+-------+
| 102 | 匡明 | 男 | 1975-10-02 00:00:00 | 95031 |
| 105 | 王芳 | 女 | 1975-02-10 00:00:00 | 95031 |
| 106 | 陆君 | 男 | 1974-06-03 00:00:00 | 95031 |
| 109 | 张全蛋 | 男 | 1975-02-10 00:00:00 | 95031 |
+-----+-----------+------+---------------------+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--10.查询score表中的最高分的学生学号和课程号。
select sno,cno from score where degree=(select max(degree) from score);
mysql> select sno,cno from score where degree=(select max(degree) from score);
+-----+-------+
| sno | cno |
+-----+-------+
| 103 | 3-105 |
+-----+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
select sno,cno from score order by degree desc limit 0,1;
--limit a,b; 从a开始，显示b个数
--11.查询每门课程的平均成绩；
select avg(degree) from score
group by cno;
mysql> select avg(degree) from score
-> group by cno;
+-------------+
| avg(degree) |
+-------------+
| 85.3333 |
| 71.5000 |
| 81.6667 |
+-------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
--12.查询score表中至少有2名学生选修的并以3开头的平均分数
select cno,avg(degree) from score
group by cno
having count(cno)>=2 and cno like '3%';
mysql> select cno,avg(degree) from score group by cno
-> having count(cno)>=2 and cno like '3%';
+-------+-------------+
| cno | avg(degree) |
+-------+-------------+
| 3-105 | 85.3333 |
| 3-245 | 71.5000 |
+-------+-------------+
2 rows in set (0.07 sec)
--13.查询分数大于70，小于90的sno列
select sno,degree from score
where degree>70 and degree<90;
mysql> select sno,degree from score
-> where degree>70 and degree<90;
+-----+--------+
| sno | degree |
+-----+--------+
| 103 | 85 |
| 105 | 88 |
| 105 | 75 |
| 105 | 79 |
| 109 | 76 |
| 109 | 81 |
+-----+--------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
--14.查询所有学生的sname,cno 和 degree 列。
select sname,cno,degree from student,score
where student.sno=score.sno;
mysql> select sname,cno,degree from student,score
-> where student.sno=score.sno;
+-----------+-------+--------+
| sname | cno | degree |
+-----------+-------+--------+
| 王丽 | 3-105 | 92 |
| 王丽 | 6-166 | 85 |
| 王芳 | 3-105 | 88 |
| 王芳 | 3-245 | 75 |
| 王芳 | 6-166 | 79 |
| 张全蛋 | 3-105 | 76 |
| 张全蛋 | 3-245 | 68 |
| 张全蛋 | 6-166 | 81 |
+-----------+-------+--------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
--15.查询所有学生的sno,cname 和 degree 列。
select sno,cname,degree from score,course
where score.cno=course.cno;
mysql> select sno,cname,degree from score,course
-> where score.cno=course.cno;
+-----+-----------------+--------+
| sno | cname | degree |
+-----+-----------------+--------+
| 103 | 计算机导论 | 92 |
| 105 | 计算机导论 | 88 |
| 109 | 计算机导论 | 76 |
| 105 | 操作系统 | 75 |
| 109 | 操作系统 | 68 |
| 103 | 数字电路 | 85 |
| 105 | 数字电路 | 79 |
| 109 | 数字电路 | 81 |
+-----+-----------------+--------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--16.查询所有学生的sname、cname 和 degree 列。
select sname,cname,degree
from student,score,course
where score.cno=course.cno and score.sno=student.sno;
mysql> select sname,cname,degree
-> from student,score,course
-> where score.cno=course.cno and score.sno=student.sno;
+-----------+-----------------+--------+
| sname | cname | degree |
+-----------+-----------------+--------+
| 王丽 | 计算机导论 | 92 |
| 王丽 | 数字电路 | 85 |
| 王芳 | 计算机导论 | 88 |
| 王芳 | 操作系统 | 75 |
| 王芳 | 数字电路 | 79 |
| 张全蛋 | 计算机导论 | 76 |
| 张全蛋 | 操作系统 | 68 |
| 张全蛋 | 数字电路 | 81 |
+-----------+-----------------+--------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
--17.查询“95031”班学生每门课的平均分。
select cno,avg(degree)
from score,student
where student.class='95031' and student.sno=score.sno
group by cno;
mysql> select cno,avg(degree)
-> from score,student
-> where student.class='95031' and student.sno=score.sno
-> group by cno;
+-------+-------------+
| cno | avg(degree) |
+-------+-------------+
| 3-105 | 82.0000 |
| 3-245 | 71.5000 |
| 6-166 | 80.0000 |
+-------+-------------+
3 rows in set (0.02 sec)
select cno,avg(degree)
from score
where sno in (select sno from student where class='95031')
group by cno;
mysql> select cno,avg(degree)
-> from score
-> where sno in (select sno from student where class='95031')
-> group by cno;
+-------+-------------+
| cno | avg(degree) |
+-------+-------------+
| 3-105 | 82.0000 |
| 3-245 | 71.5000 |
| 6-166 | 80.0000 |
+-------+-------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--18.查询选择‘3-105’课程的成绩高于‘109’号同学‘3-105’成绩的所有同学的记录；
select * from score
where cno='3-105' and degree>(select degree from score where cno='3-105' and sno='109');
mysql> select * from score
-> where cno='3-105' and degree>(select degree from score where cno='3-105' and sno='109');
+-----+-------+--------+
| sno | cno | degree |
+-----+-------+--------+
| 103 | 3-105 | 92 |
| 105 | 3-105 | 88 |
+-----+-------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
--19.查询成绩高于学号‘109’、课程号为‘3-105’的成绩的所有记录；
mysql> select * from student,course,score
-> where student.sno=score.sno and course.cno=score.cno and degree>(select degree from score where cno='3-105' and sno='109');
+-----+-----------+------+---------------------+-------+-------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+--------+
| sno | sname | ssex | sbirthday | class | cno | cname | tno | sno | cno | degree |
+-----+-----------+------+---------------------+-------+-------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+--------+
| 103 | 王丽 | 女 | 1976-01-23 00:00:00 | 95033 | 3-105 | 计算机导论 | 825 | 103 | 3-105 | 92 |
| 103 | 王丽 | 女 | 1976-01-23 00:00:00 | 95033 | 6-166 | 数字电路 | 856 | 103 | 6-166 | 85 |
| 105 | 王芳 | 女 | 1975-02-10 00:00:00 | 95031 | 3-105 | 计算机导论 | 825 | 105 | 3-105 | 88 |
| 105 | 王芳 | 女 | 1975-02-10 00:00:00 | 95031 | 6-166 | 数字电路 | 856 | 105 | 6-166 | 79 |
| 109 | 张全蛋 | 男 | 1975-02-10 00:00:00 | 95031 | 6-166 | 数字电路 | 856 | 109 | 6-166 | 81 |
+-----+-----------+------+---------------------+-------+-------+-----------------+-----+-----+-------+--------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
--20.查询和学号为108、101的同学同年出生的所有学生的sno,sname和sbirthday列。
select sno,sname,sbirthday from student where year(sbirthday) in (select year(sbirthday) from student where sno in ('108','101'));
mysql> select sno,sname,sbirthday from student where year(sbirthday) in (select year(sbirthday) from student where sno in ('108','101'));
+-----+-----------+---------------------+
| sno | sname | sbirthday |
+-----+-----------+---------------------+
| 101 | 曾华 | 1977-09-01 00:00:00 |
| 103 | 王丽 | 1976-01-23 00:00:00 |
| 104 | 李军 | 1976-02-20 00:00:00 |
| 107 | 季军 | 1976-02-20 00:00:00 |
| 108 | 王尼玛 | 1976-02-20 00:00:00 |
+-----+-----------+---------------------+
5 rows in set (0.02 sec)
--21.查询“张旭”教师任课的学生成绩；
select sno,degree from teacher,course,score
where teacher.tno=course.tno and course.cno=score.cno and teacher.tname='张旭';
mysql> select sno,degree from teacher,course,score
-> where teacher.tno=course.tno and course.cno=score.cno and teacher.tname='张旭';
+-----+--------+
| sno | degree |
+-----+--------+
| 103 | 85 |
| 105 | 79 |
| 109 | 81 |
+-----+--------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--22.查询选修某课程的同学人数多于2人的教师姓名。
select tname from teacher where
tno in (select tno from course where cno in (select cno from score group by cno having count(*)>2));
mysql> select tname from teacher where
-> tno in (select tno from course where cno in (select cno from score group by cno having count(*)>2));
+--------+
| tname |
+--------+
| 王萍 |
| 张旭 |
+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--23.查询95033班和95031班全体学生的记录。
select * from student where class in (95033,95031);
mysql> select * from student where class in (95033,95031);
+-----+-----------+------+---------------------+-------+
| sno | sname | ssex | sbirthday | class |
+-----+-----------+------+---------------------+-------+
| 101 | 曾华 | 男 | 1977-09-01 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 102 | 匡明 | 男 | 1975-10-02 00:00:00 | 95031 |
| 103 | 王丽 | 女 | 1976-01-23 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 104 | 李军 | 男 | 1976-02-20 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 105 | 王芳 | 女 | 1975-02-10 00:00:00 | 95031 |
| 106 | 陆君 | 男 | 1974-06-03 00:00:00 | 95031 |
| 107 | 季军 | 男 | 1976-02-20 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 108 | 王尼玛 | 男 | 1976-02-20 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 109 | 张全蛋 | 男 | 1975-02-10 00:00:00 | 95031 |
+-----+-----------+------+---------------------+-------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--24.查询存在有85以上成绩的课程cno。
select cno,degree from score where degree>85;
mysql> select cno,degree from score where degree>85;
+-------+--------+
| cno | degree |
+-------+--------+
| 3-105 | 92 |
| 3-105 | 88 |
+-------+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--25.查询出“计算机系”教师所教课程的成绩表。
select sno,cno,degree from score where cno in (select cno from course where tno in (select tno from teacher where depart='计算机系'));
mysql> select sno,cno,degree from score where cno in (select cno from course where tno in (select tno from teacher where depart='计算机系'));
+-----+-------+--------+
| sno | cno | degree |
+-----+-------+--------+
| 105 | 3-245 | 75 |
| 109 | 3-245 | 68 |
| 103 | 3-105 | 92 |
| 105 | 3-105 | 88 |
| 109 | 3-105 | 76 |
+-----+-------+--------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)
--26.查询“计算机系”与电子工程系“不同职称的教师的tname和prof。
mysql> select * from teacher where depart='计算机系' and prof not in (select prof from teacher where depart='电子工程系')
-> union
-> select * from teacher where depart='电子工程系' and prof not in (select prof from teacher where depart='计算机系');
+-----+--------+------+---------------------+-----------+-----------------+
| tno | tname | tsex | tbirthday | prof | depart |
+-----+--------+------+---------------------+-----------+-----------------+
| 804 | 李诚 | 男 | 1958-12-02 00:00:00 | 副教授 | 计算机系 |
| 825 | 王萍 | 女 | 1972-05-05 00:00:00 | 助教 | 计算机系 |
| 856 | 张旭 | 男 | 1969-03-12 00:00:00 | 讲师 | 电子工程系 |
+-----+--------+------+---------------------+-----------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--27.查询选修编号为‘3-105’课程且成绩至少高于选修编号为‘3-245’的同学的cno、sno和degree,并按degree从高到低排序。
select * from score
where cno='3-105'
and degree > any(select degree from score where cno='3-245')
order by degree desc;
mysql> select * from score
-> where cno='3-105'
-> and degree > any(select degree from score where cno='3-245')
-> order by degree desc;
+-----+-------+--------+
| sno | cno | degree |
+-----+-------+--------+
| 103 | 3-105 | 92 |
| 105 | 3-105 | 88 |
| 109 | 3-105 | 76 |
+-----+-------+--------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
--28.查询选修课编号为‘3-105’且成绩高于选修编号为‘3-245’课程的同学的cno、sno和degree
select * from score
where cno='3-105'
and degree > all(select degree from score where cno='3-245');
--29.查询所有教师和同学的name、sex和birthday。
select sname as name,ssex as sex,sbirthday as birthday from student
union
select tname as name,tsex as sex,tbirthday as birthday from teacher
mysql> select sname as name,ssex as sex,sbirthday as birthday from student
-> union
-> select tname as name,tsex as sex,tbirthday as birthday from teacher;
+-----------+-----+---------------------+
| name | sex | birthday |
+-----------+-----+---------------------+
| 曾华 | 男 | 1977-09-01 00:00:00 |
| 匡明 | 男 | 1975-10-02 00:00:00 |
| 王丽 | 女 | 1976-01-23 00:00:00 |
| 李军 | 男 | 1976-02-20 00:00:00 |
| 王芳 | 女 | 1975-02-10 00:00:00 |
| 陆君 | 男 | 1974-06-03 00:00:00 |
| 季军 | 男 | 1976-02-20 00:00:00 |
| 王尼玛 | 男 | 1976-02-20 00:00:00 |
| 张全蛋 | 男 | 1975-02-10 00:00:00 |
| 李诚 | 男 | 1958-12-02 00:00:00 |
| 王萍 | 女 | 1972-05-05 00:00:00 |
| 刘冰 | 女 | 1977-08-14 00:00:00 |
| 张旭 | 男 | 1969-03-12 00:00:00 |
+-----------+-----+---------------------+
13 rows in set (0.01 sec)
--30.查询所有‘女’教师和‘女’同学的name、sex和birthday。
select sname as name,ssex as sex,sbirthday as birthday from student where ssex='女'
union
select tname as name,tsex as sex,tbirthday as birthday from teacher where tsex='女';
mysql> select sname as name,ssex as sex,sbirthday as birthday from student where ssex='女'
-> union
-> select tname as name,tsex as sex,tbirthday as birthday from teacher where tsex='女';
+--------+-----+---------------------+
| name | sex | birthday |
+--------+-----+---------------------+
| 王丽 | 女 | 1976-01-23 00:00:00 |
| 王芳 | 女 | 1975-02-10 00:00:00 |
| 王萍 | 女 | 1972-05-05 00:00:00 |
| 刘冰 | 女 | 1977-08-14 00:00:00 |
+--------+-----+---------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--31.查询成绩比该课程平均成绩低的同学的成绩表。
select * from score a where degree < (select avg(degree) from score b where a.cno=b.cno);
mysql> select * from score a where degree < (select avg(degree) from score b where a.cno=b.cno);
+-----+-------+--------+
| sno | cno | degree |
+-----+-------+--------+
| 105 | 6-166 | 79 |
| 109 | 3-105 | 76 |
| 109 | 3-245 | 68 |
| 109 | 6-166 | 81 |
+-----+-------+--------+
4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
--复制表数据做查询条件
--32.查询所有任课教师的Tname和Depart.
select tname, depart from teacher where tno in (select tno from course);
mysql> select tname, depart from teacher where tno in (select tno from course);
+--------+--------------------+
| tname | depart |
+--------+--------------------+
| 李诚 | 计算机系 |
| 王萍 | 计算机系 |
| 刘冰 | 电子工程系系 |
| 张旭 | 电子工程系 |
+--------+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--33.查询至少有两名男生的班号。
select class from student where ssex='男'
group by class
having count(*)>2;
mysql> select class from student where ssex='男'
-> group by class
-> having count(*)>2;
+-------+
| class |
+-------+
| 95033 |
| 95031 |
+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--34、查询student表中不姓“王”的同学记录。
select * from student where sname not like '王%';
mysql> select * from student where sname not like '王%';
+-----+-----------+------+---------------------+-------+
| sno | sname | ssex | sbirthday | class |
+-----+-----------+------+---------------------+-------+
| 101 | 曾华 | 男 | 1977-09-01 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 102 | 匡明 | 男 | 1975-10-02 00:00:00 | 95031 |
| 104 | 李军 | 男 | 1976-02-20 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 106 | 陆君 | 男 | 1974-06-03 00:00:00 | 95031 |
| 107 | 季军 | 男 | 1976-02-20 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 109 | 张全蛋 | 男 | 1975-02-10 00:00:00 | 95031 |
+-----+-----------+------+---------------------+-------+
--模糊查询 not like 。某个字符用'x%'表示。
--35.查询student表中查询每个学生的姓名和年龄。
--年龄=当前年份-出生年份
select sname,(year(now())-year(sbirthday)) as '年领' from student;
mysql> select sname,(year(now())-year(sbirthday)) as '年领' from student;
+-----------+--------+
| sname | 年领 |
+-----------+--------+
| 曾华 | 42 |
| 匡明 | 44 |
| 王丽 | 43 |
| 李军 | 43 |
| 王芳 | 44 |
| 陆君 | 45 |
| 季军 | 43 |
| 王尼玛 | 43 |
| 张全蛋 | 44 |
+-----------+--------+
9 rows in set (0.01 sec)
--36.查询student表中最大和最小的sbirthday日期值
select max(sbirthday) as '最大',min(sbirthday) as '最小' from student;
mysql> select max(sbirthday) as '最大',min(sbirthday) as '最小' from student;
+---------------------+---------------------+
| 最大 | 最小 |
+---------------------+---------------------+
| 1977-09-01 00:00:00 | 1974-06-03 00:00:00 |
+---------------------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
--37.以班号和年龄从大到小的顺序查询student表中的全部记录。
select * from student
order by class desc,sbirthday;
mysql> select * from student
-> order by class desc,sbirthday;
+-----+-----------+------+---------------------+-------+
| sno | sname | ssex | sbirthday | class |
+-----+-----------+------+---------------------+-------+
| 103 | 王丽 | 女 | 1976-01-23 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 104 | 李军 | 男 | 1976-02-20 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 107 | 季军 | 男 | 1976-02-20 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 108 | 王尼玛 | 男 | 1976-02-20 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 101 | 曾华 | 男 | 1977-09-01 00:00:00 | 95033 |
| 106 | 陆君 | 男 | 1974-06-03 00:00:00 | 95031 |
| 105 | 王芳 | 女 | 1975-02-10 00:00:00 | 95031 |
| 109 | 张全蛋 | 男 | 1975-02-10 00:00:00 | 95031 |
| 102 | 匡明 | 男 | 1975-10-02 00:00:00 | 95031 |
+-----+-----------+------+---------------------+-------+
9 rows in set (0.01 sec)
--38.查询‘男’教师及其所上的课程。
select * from course where tno in (select tno from teacher where tsex='男');
mysql> select * from course where tno in (select tno from teacher where tsex='男');
+-------+--------------+-----+
| cno | cname | tno |
+-------+--------------+-----+
| 3-245 | 操作系统 | 804 |
| 6-166 | 数字电路 | 856 |
+-------+--------------+-----+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--39.查询最高分同学的sno、cno和degree列。
select sno,cno,degree from score where degree=(select max(degree) from score);
mysql> select sno,cno,degree from score where degree=(select max(degree) from score);
+-----+-------+--------+
| sno | cno | degree |
+-----+-------+--------+
| 103 | 3-105 | 92 |
+-----+-------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
select sno,cno,degree from score
order by degree desc
LIMIT 1;--limit x即显示前 x 行。limit(a,b) 从a行开始显示b行
mysql> select sno,cno,degree from score
-> order by degree desc
-> LIMIT 1;
+-----+-------+--------+
| sno | cno | degree |
+-----+-------+--------+
| 103 | 3-105 | 92 |
+-----+-------+--------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
--40.查询和‘李军’同性别的所有同学的sname
select sname from student where ssex=(select ssex from student where sname='李军');
--41.查询和‘李军’同性别并同班的同学sname。
select sname from student where ssex=(select ssex from student where sname='李军') and class=(select class from student where sname='李军');
mysql> select sname from student where ssex=(select ssex from student where sname='李军') and class=(select class from student where sname='李军');
+-----------+
| sname |
+-----------+
| 曾华 |
| 李军 |
| 季军 |
| 王尼玛 |
+-----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--42.查询所有选修“计算机导论”课程的“男”同学的成绩表。
select * from score where cno = (select cno from course where cname='计算机导论') and sno in (select sno from student where ssex='男');
mysql> select * from score where cno = (select cno from course where cname='计算机导论') and sno in (select sno from student where ssex='男');
+-----+-------+--------+
| sno | cno | degree |
+-----+-------+--------+
| 109 | 3-105 | 76 |
+-----+-------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
--43.假设使用如下命令建立了一个grade表：
create table grade(
low int(3),
upp int(3),
grade char(1)
);
insert into grade values('90','100','A');
insert into grade values('80','90','B');
insert into grade values('70','80','C');
insert into grade values('60','70','D');
insert into grade values('0','59','E');
--现查询所有同学的sno、cno和grade列。
select sno,cno,grade from score,grade where degree between low and upp;
mysql> select sno,cno,grade from score,grade where degree between low and upp;
+-----+-------+-------+
| sno | cno | grade |
+-----+-------+-------+
| 103 | 3-105 | A |
| 103 | 6-166 | B |
| 105 | 3-105 | B |
| 105 | 3-245 | C |
| 105 | 6-166 | C |
| 109 | 3-105 | C |
| 109 | 3-245 | D |
| 109 | 6-166 | B |
+-----+-------+-------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
--SQL的四种连接查询
--内连接
--inner join 或 join
--外连接
--1.左连接 left join 或者 left outer join
--2.右连接 right join 或者 right outer join
--3.完全外连接 full join 或者 full outer join
create database testjoin;
--创建两个表：
--person 表
--id,
--name,
--cardId
create table person(
id int(10),
name varchar(10),
cardId int(10)
);
insert into person values('1','张三','1');
insert into person values('2','李四','3');
insert into person values('3','王五','6');
--card表
--id,
--name
create table card(
id int,
name varchar(20)
);
insert into card values('1','饭卡');
insert into card values('2','建行卡');
insert into card values('3','农行卡');
insert into card values('4','工商卡');
insert into card values('5','邮政卡');
--1.内联查询，其实就是两张表中的数据，通过某个字段相对，查询出相关记录数据。
select * from person join card on person.cardId=card.id;
mysql> select * from person join card on person.cardId=card.id;
+------+--------+--------+------+-----------+
| id | name | cardId | id | name |
+------+--------+--------+------+-----------+
| 1 | 张三 | 1 | 1 | 饭卡 |
| 2 | 李四 | 3 | 3 | 农行卡 |
+------+--------+--------+------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--2.left join(左外连接)
select * from person left join card on person.cardId=card.id;
mysql> select * from person left join card on person.cardId=card.id;
+------+--------+--------+------+-----------+
| id | name | cardId | id | name |
+------+--------+--------+------+-----------+
| 1 | 张三 | 1 | 1 | 饭卡 |
| 2 | 李四 | 3 | 3 | 农行卡 |
| 3 | 王五 | 6 | NULL | NULL |
+------+--------+--------+------+-----------+
--3.right join(右外连接)
select * from person right join card on person.cardId=card.id;
mysql> select * from person right join card on person.cardId=card.id;
+------+--------+--------+------+-----------+
| id | name | cardId | id | name |
+------+--------+--------+------+-----------+
| 1 | 张三 | 1 | 1 | 饭卡 |
| 2 | 李四 | 3 | 3 | 农行卡 |
| NULL | NULL | NULL | 2 | 建行卡 |
| NULL | NULL | NULL | 4 | 工商卡 |
| NULL | NULL | NULL | 5 | 邮政卡 |
+------+--------+--------+------+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
--4.full join(全外连接)
select * from person full join card on person.cardId=card.id;
mysql> select * from person full join card on person.cardId=card.id;
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'person.cardId' in 'on clause'
--mysql不支持full join
--union来实现
select * from person left join card on person.cardId=card.id
union
select * from person right join card on person.cardId=card.id;
mysql> select * from person left join card on person.cardId=card.id
-> union
-> select * from person right join card on person.cardId=card.id;
+------+--------+--------+------+-----------+
| id | name | cardId | id | name |
+------+--------+--------+------+-----------+
| 1 | 张三 | 1 | 1 | 饭卡 |
| 2 | 李四 | 3 | 3 | 农行卡 |
| 3 | 王五 | 6 | NULL | NULL |
| NULL | NULL | NULL | 2 | 建行卡 |
| NULL | NULL | NULL | 4 | 工商卡 |
| NULL | NULL | NULL | 5 | 邮政卡 |
+------+--------+--------+------+-----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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