春晓
A Spring Morning
春眠不觉晓,
处处闻啼鸟,
夜来风雨声,
花落知多少。
This spring morning in bed I’m lying,
Not to awake till birds are crying.
After one night of wind and showers,
How many are the fallen flowers!
This quatrain reveals the poet's love of spring and his regret of her departure.
#Vocabulary#
Something that's fallen has dropped to the ground. You might collect fallen apples to make into cider or applesauce.
The most literal sense of something fallen is just what it sounds like — an object that's moved from a high place to a lower place, usually due to gravity. There are also some figurative meanings: a fallen soldier has died on the battlefield, and a fallen person has committed a moral sin or ruined his reputation. In the 17th century, fallen frequently meant "morally ruined," more often describing a women than a man.
#Comments#
《春晓》这⾸⼩诗,初读似觉平淡⽆奇,反复读之,便觉诗中别有天地。它的艺术魅⼒不在于华丽的辞藻,不在于奇绝的艺术⼿法,⽽在于它的韵味。整⾸诗的风格就像⾏云流⽔⼀样平易⾃然,然⽽悠远深厚,独臻妙境。千百年来,⼈们传诵它,探讨它,仿佛在这短短的四⾏诗⾥,蕴涵着开掘不完的艺术宝藏。
⾃然⽽⽆韵致,则流于浅薄;若⽆起伏,便失之平直。《春晓》既有悠美的韵致,⾏⽂⼜起伏跌宕,所以诗味醇永。诗⼈要表现他喜爱春天的感情,却⼜不说尽,不说透,“迎风户半开”,让读者去捉摸、去猜想,处处表现得隐秀曲折。
“情在词外⽈隐,状溢⽬前⽈秀。”(张戒《岁寒堂诗话》引)写情,诗⼈选取了清晨睡起时刹那间的感情⽚段进⾏描写。这⽚段,正是诗⼈思想活动的启始阶段、萌芽阶段,是能够让⼈想象他感情发展的最富于⽣发性的顷刻。诗⼈抓住了这⼀刹那,却⼜并不铺展开去,他只是向读者透露出他的⼼迹,把读者引向他感情的轨道,就撒⼿不管了,剩下的,该由读者沿着诗⼈思维的⽅向去丰富和补充了。写景,他⼜只选取了春天的⼀个侧⾯。春天,有迷⼈的⾊彩,有醉⼈的芬芳,诗⼈都不去写。他只是从听觉⾓度着笔,写春之声:那处处啼鸟,那潇潇风⾬。鸟声婉转,悦⽿动听,是美的。加上“处处”⼆字,啁啾起落,远近应和,就更使⼈有置⾝⼭阴道上,应接不暇之感。春风春⾬,纷纷洒洒,但在静谧的春夜,这沙沙声响却也让⼈想见那如烟似梦般的凄迷意境,和微⾬后的众卉新姿。这些都只是诗⼈在室内的⽿闻,然⽽这阵阵春声却逗露了⽆边春⾊,把读者引向了⼴阔的⼤⾃然,使读者⾃⼰去想象、去体味那莺啭花⾹的烂熳春光,这是⽤春声来渲染户外春意闹的美好景象。这些景物是活泼跳跃的,⽣机勃勃的。它写出了诗⼈的感受,表现了诗⼈内⼼的喜悦和对⼤⾃然的热爱。
宋⼈叶绍翁《游园不值》诗中的“春⾊满园关不住,⼀枝红杏出墙来”,是古今传诵的名句。其实,在写法上是与《春晓》有共同之处的。叶诗是通过视觉形象,由伸出墙外的⼀枝红杏,把⼈引⼊墙内、让⼈想象墙内;孟诗则是通过听觉形象,由阵阵春声把⼈引出屋外、让⼈想象屋外。只⽤淡淡的⼏笔,就写出了晴⽅好、⾬亦奇的繁盛春意。两诗都表明,那盎然的春意,⾃是阻挡不住的,你看,它不是冲破了围墙屋壁,展现在你的眼前、萦回在你的⽿际了吗?
施补华⽈:“诗犹⽂也,忌直贵曲。”(《岘佣说诗》)这⾸⼩诗仅仅四⾏⼆⼗个字,写来却曲屈通幽,回环波折。⾸句破题,“春”字点明季节,写春眠的⾹甜。“不觉”是朦朦胧胧不知不觉。在这温暖的春夜中,诗⼈睡得真⾹,以⾄旭⽇临窗,才甜梦初醒。流露出诗⼈爱春的喜悦⼼情。次句写春景,春天早晨的鸟语。“处处”是指四⾯⼋⽅。鸟噪枝头,⼀派⽣机勃勃的景象。“闻啼鸟”即“闻鸟啼”,古诗为了押韵,词序作了适当的调整。三句转为写回忆,诗⼈追忆昨晚的潇潇春⾬。末句⼜回到眼前,联想到春花被风吹⾬打、落红遍地的景象,由喜春翻为惜春,诗⼈把爱春和惜春的情感寄托在对落花的叹息上。爱极⽽惜,惜春即是爱春──那潇潇春⾬也引起了诗⼈对花⽊的担忧。时间的跳跃、阴晴的交替、感情的微妙变化,都很富有情趣,能给⼈带来⽆穷兴味。
《春晓》的语⾔平易浅近,⾃然天成,⼀点也看不出⼈⼯雕琢的痕迹。⽽⾔浅意浓,景真情真,就像是从诗⼈⼼灵深处流出的⼀股泉⽔,晶莹透澈,灌注着诗⼈的⽣命,跳动着诗⼈的脉搏。读之,如饮醇醪,不觉⾃醉。诗⼈情与境会,觅得⼤⾃然的真趣,⼤⾃然的神髓。“⽂章本天成,妙⼿偶得之”,这是最⾃然的诗篇,是天籁。
网友评论