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每日一问27——SDWebImage(调度)

每日一问27——SDWebImage(调度)

作者: 巫师学徒 | 来源:发表于2017-11-09 13:37 被阅读28次

    前言

    通过前两篇关于SDWebImage的学习,我们已经知道了它的下载策略和缓存策略。本次要学习的内容是SDWebImage中是通过怎样的调度方法来使用下载和缓存的。

    方法的调用

    在使用的时候,我们通常会直接调用类别中提供的方法来加载图片,查看它们的实现我们可以发现最终我们会调用到这样一个函数

    - (void)sd_internalSetImageWithURL:(nullable NSURL *)url
                      placeholderImage:(nullable UIImage *)placeholder
                               options:(SDWebImageOptions)options
                          operationKey:(nullable NSString *)operationKey
                         setImageBlock:(nullable SDSetImageBlock)setImageBlock
                              progress:(nullable SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)progressBlock
                             completed:(nullable SDExternalCompletionBlock)completedBlock
                               context:(nullable NSDictionary *)context;
    

    外部提供的接口都是对这个函数的一个封装,方便我们使用时候调用。来看看具体的实现:

    里面首先对operationKey进行了检验,生成可用的key,并将这个key对应的operation添加到了一个SDOperationsDictionary类的字典中,并绑定到对应的view中。后续在管理任务都会用到这个字典。

    NSString *validOperationKey = operationKey ?: NSStringFromClass([self class]);
        [self sd_cancelImageLoadOperationWithKey:validOperationKey];
        objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &imageURLKey, url, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
    

    省略一些检测代码,当URL正确时,就会调用SDWebImageManager类的单利对象进行图片下载。这个方法就会返回一个operation回来,通过[self sd_setImageLoadOperation:operation forKey:validOperationKey];将这个operation保存到之前说到的字典中。

    id <SDWebImageOperation> operation = [SDWebImageManager.sharedManager loadImageWithURL:url options:options progress:progressBlock completed:^(UIImage *image, NSData *data, NSError *error, SDImageCacheType cacheType, BOOL finished, NSURL *imageURL) {
            /**
            省略若干代码,这些代码的作用是根据用户的设定将下载好的数据返回给上层。
            *//
            [self sd_setImageLoadOperation:operation forKey:validOperationKey];
    }
    

    可以发现,这个函数中并没有下载和缓存相关的代码,于是我们可以猜测下载和缓存相关的逻辑是放在SDWebImageManager类中进行处理的。下面我们就对调度类SDWebImageManager进行进一步的查看分析。

    SDWebImageManager

    查看SDWebImageManager.h文件,可以发现SDWebImageManager中提供了2个我们之前讲到过的属性,分别是SDWebImageDownloaderimageCache。这两个实例中不就是提供下载和缓存的操作吗?

    @interface SDWebImageManager : NSObject
    
    @property (weak, nonatomic, nullable) id <SDWebImageManagerDelegate> delegate;
    
    @property (strong, nonatomic, readonly, nullable) SDImageCache *imageCache;
    @property (strong, nonatomic, readonly, nullable) SDWebImageDownloader *imageDownloader;
    

    进一步查看,还提供了一个遵循<SDWebImageManagerDelegate>协议的代理。<SDWebImageManagerDelegate>协议主要提供了2个接口:

    //控制在cache中没有找到image时 是否应该去下载。默认是YES。
    - (BOOL)imageManager:(nonnull SDWebImageManager *)imageManager shouldDownloadImageForURL:(nullable NSURL *)imageURL;
    
    //在下载之后,缓存之前转换图片。在全局队列中操作,不阻塞主线程
    - (nullable UIImage *)imageManager:(nonnull SDWebImageManager *)imageManager transformDownloadedImage:(nullable UIImage *)image withURL:(nullable NSURL *)imageURL;
    

    此外,SDWebImageManager还提供了这些操作,包括图片的下载,取消,缓存,检测等。我们需要重点学习的方法是downloadImageWithURL下载这个函数。

    - (instancetype)initWithCache:(SDImageCache *)cache downloader:(SDWebImageDownloader *)downloader;
    //下载图片
    - (id )downloadImageWithURL:(NSURL *)url
                                             options:(SDWebImageOptions)options
                                            progress:(SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)progressBlock
                                           completed:(SDWebImageCompletionWithFinishedBlock)completedBlock;
    //缓存给定URL的图片
    - (void)saveImageToCache:(UIImage *)image forURL:(NSURL *)url;
    //取消当前所有的操作
    - (void)cancelAll;
    //监测当前是否有进行中的操作
    - (BOOL)isRunning;
    //监测图片是否在缓存中,监测结束后调用completionBlock
    - (void)cachedImageExistsForURL:(NSURL *)url
                         completion:(SDWebImageCheckCacheCompletionBlock)completionBlock;
    //监测图片是否缓存在disk里,监测结束后调用completionBlock
    - (void)diskImageExistsForURL:(NSURL *)url
                       completion:(SDWebImageCheckCacheCompletionBlock)completionBlock;
    //返回给定URL的cache key,默认是图片的url
    - (NSString *)cacheKeyForURL:(NSURL *)url;
    

    对于downloadImageWithURL下载函数来说,它需要传入4个参数,和返回SDWebImageOperation类的实例。

    • @param url 网络图片的 url 地址
    • @param options 一些定制化选项
    • @param progressBlock 下载时的 Block,其定义为:typedef void(^SDWebImageDownloaderProgressBlock)(NSInteger receivedSize, NSInteger expectedSize);
    • @param completedBlock 下载完成时的 Block,其定义为:typedef void(^SDWebImageDownloaderCompletedBlock)(UIImage *image, NSData *data, NSError *error, BOOL finished);
    • @return 返回 SDWebImageOperation 的实例

    具体的流程是

    1.验证URL正确性

    如果不正确,则回调error

    if ([url isKindOfClass:NSString.class]) {
            url = [NSURL URLWithString:(NSString *)url];
        }
    
        // Prevents app crashing on argument type error like sending NSNull instead of NSURL
        if (![url isKindOfClass:NSURL.class]) {
            url = nil;
        }
    
        __block SDWebImageCombinedOperation *operation = [SDWebImageCombinedOperation new];
        __weak SDWebImageCombinedOperation *weakOperation = operation;
    
        BOOL isFailedUrl = NO;
        if (url) {
            @synchronized (self.failedURLs) {
                isFailedUrl = [self.failedURLs containsObject:url];
            }
        }
    
        if (url.absoluteString.length == 0 || (!(options & SDWebImageRetryFailed) && isFailedUrl)) {
            [self callCompletionBlockForOperation:operation completion:completedBlock error:[NSError errorWithDomain:NSURLErrorDomain code:NSURLErrorFileDoesNotExist userInfo:nil] url:url];
            return operation;
        }
    
    2.检测该URL是否被下载过,去缓存中查找图片

    私有成员变量是一个NSMutableArray<SDWebImageCombinedOperation *>的数组,用来保存所有正在进行的operation,方便统一控制。

    @synchronized (self.runningOperations) {
            [self.runningOperations addObject:operation];
        }
    //根据url生成缓存对应的key
        NSString *key = [self cacheKeyForURL:url];
    
    //将查找结果保存到operation中的chcheOperation中。
        operation.cacheOperation = [self.imageCache queryCacheOperationForKey:key done:^(UIImage *cachedImage, NSData *cachedData, SDImageCacheType cacheType) {
            if (operation.isCancelled) {
                [self safelyRemoveOperationFromRunning:operation];
                return;
            }
    
    3.根据不同的情况进行不同的操作
    3.1>如果在缓存中没有找到图片,或者采用的 SDWebImageRefreshCached 选项,则从网络下载

    这个操作会先调用imageDownloader尝试下载图片,如果下载失败则抛出异常,如果下载成功则会调用imageCache将图片进行缓存。

    //如果没有缓存或者用户允许刷新缓存
    if ((!cachedImage || options & SDWebImageRefreshCached) && (![self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(imageManager:shouldDownloadImageForURL:)] || [self.delegate imageManager:self shouldDownloadImageForURL:url])) {
    
    //如果在缓存中找到了图片,直接回调。
                if (cachedImage && options & SDWebImageRefreshCached) {
                    [self callCompletionBlockForOperation:weakOperation completion:completedBlock image:cachedImage data:cachedData error:nil cacheType:cacheType finished:YES url:url];
                }
    
               /**
                省略一部分用户定制策略的判断
                **/
    
                //使用imageDownloader进行下载。
                SDWebImageDownloadToken *subOperationToken = [self.imageDownloader downloadImageWithURL:url options:downloaderOptions progress:progressBlock completed:^(UIImage *downloadedImage, NSData *downloadedData, NSError *error, BOOL finished) {
                    __strong __typeof(weakOperation) strongOperation = weakOperation;
                    if (!strongOperation || strongOperation.isCancelled) {
                        
                        //如果这个任务被取消了,则什么都不做
    
                    } else if (error) {
                        [self callCompletionBlockForOperation:strongOperation completion:completedBlock error:error url:url];
                        如果这个任务失败了,则组装error对象,抛出
                        if (   error.code != NSURLErrorNotConnectedToInternet
                            && error.code != NSURLErrorCancelled
                            && error.code != NSURLErrorTimedOut
                            && error.code != NSURLErrorInternationalRoamingOff
                            && error.code != NSURLErrorDataNotAllowed
                            && error.code != NSURLErrorCannotFindHost
                            && error.code != NSURLErrorCannotConnectToHost
                            && error.code != NSURLErrorNetworkConnectionLost) {
                            @synchronized (self.failedURLs) {
                                //将这个URL添加到失败URL数组中
                                [self.failedURLs addObject:url];
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        //下载成功,如果url曾经失败过,则将这个url从失败数组中移除
                        if ((options & SDWebImageRetryFailed)) {
                            @synchronized (self.failedURLs) {
                                [self.failedURLs removeObject:url];
                            }
                        }
                        
                        BOOL cacheOnDisk = !(options & SDWebImageCacheMemoryOnly);
    
                        if (options & SDWebImageRefreshCached && cachedImage && !downloadedImage) {
                           //只是刷新缓存,则不回调
    
                        } else if (downloadedImage && (!downloadedImage.images || (options & SDWebImageTransformAnimatedImage)) && [self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(imageManager:transformDownloadedImage:withURL:)]) {
                            dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_HIGH, 0), ^{
                                //如果下载成功,并且不是GIF图片,并且代理实现了图片转换
                                //则先使用代理进行图片转换
                                //将装换后的结果进行缓存
                                UIImage *transformedImage = [self.delegate imageManager:self transformDownloadedImage:downloadedImage withURL:url];
    
                                if (transformedImage && finished) {
                                    BOOL imageWasTransformed = ![transformedImage isEqual:downloadedImage];
                                    // pass nil if the image was transformed, so we can recalculate the data from the image
                                    [self.imageCache storeImage:transformedImage imageData:(imageWasTransformed ? nil : downloadedData) forKey:key toDisk:cacheOnDisk completion:nil];
                                }
                                
                                //将结果回调
                                [self callCompletionBlockForOperation:strongOperation completion:completedBlock image:transformedImage data:downloadedData error:nil cacheType:SDImageCacheTypeNone finished:finished url:url];
                            });
                        } else {
                            if (downloadedImage && finished) {
                                //缓存
                                [self.imageCache storeImage:downloadedImage imageData:downloadedData forKey:key toDisk:cacheOnDisk completion:nil];
                            }
                                //回调
                            [self callCompletionBlockForOperation:strongOperation completion:completedBlock image:downloadedImage data:downloadedData error:nil cacheType:SDImageCacheTypeNone finished:finished url:url];
                        }
                    }
    
                    if (finished) {
                        //完毕后,将operation从进行中数组中移除
                        [self safelyRemoveOperationFromRunning:strongOperation];
                    }
                }];
                @synchronized(operation) {
                    // Need same lock to ensure cancelBlock called because cancel method can be called in different queue
                    operation.cancelBlock = ^{
                        [self.imageDownloader cancel:subOperationToken];
                        __strong __typeof(weakOperation) strongOperation = weakOperation;
                        [self safelyRemoveOperationFromRunning:strongOperation];
                    };
                }
    
    3.2>有缓存则直接返回
    else if (cachedImage) {
                __strong __typeof(weakOperation) strongOperation = weakOperation;
                [self callCompletionBlockForOperation:strongOperation completion:completedBlock image:cachedImage data:cachedData error:nil cacheType:cacheType finished:YES url:url];
                [self safelyRemoveOperationFromRunning:operation];
            }
    
    3.3>没有缓存,用户又不允许下载,则返回nil并讲operation移除。
    else {
                // Image not in cache and download disallowed by delegate
                __strong __typeof(weakOperation) strongOperation = weakOperation;
                [self callCompletionBlockForOperation:strongOperation completion:completedBlock image:nil data:nil error:nil cacheType:SDImageCacheTypeNone finished:YES url:url];
                [self safelyRemoveOperationFromRunning:operation];
            }
    
    其他接口

    取消所有任务,从正在执行的任务数组中获取所有任务对象,并调用它们的cancel方法

    - (void)cancelAll {
        @synchronized (self.runningOperations) {
            NSArray<SDWebImageCombinedOperation *> *copiedOperations = [self.runningOperations copy];
            [copiedOperations makeObjectsPerformSelector:@selector(cancel)];
            [self.runningOperations removeObjectsInArray:copiedOperations];
        }
    }
    

    //检测sd当前是否正在执行任务

    - (BOOL)isRunning {
        BOOL isRunning = NO;
        @synchronized (self.runningOperations) {
            isRunning = (self.runningOperations.count > 0);
        }
        return isRunning;
    }
    

    //安全移除任务,由于runningOperations可能被多个线程同时访问,所以需要进行加锁

    - (void)safelyRemoveOperationFromRunning:(nullable SDWebImageCombinedOperation*)operation {
        @synchronized (self.runningOperations) {
            if (operation) {
                [self.runningOperations removeObject:operation];
            }
        }
    }
    
    小结:
    • 调度层下载的主要流程是什么

    查找缓存,若缓存中没有 image 则通过 SDWebImageDownloader 来进行下载,下载完成后通过 SDImageCache 进行缓存,会同时缓存到 memCache 和 diskCache 中

    • 为什么下载成功要将url从失败数组中移除。

    因为[self.failedURLs addObject:url]是只在下载失败时添加的,而下载成功和下载失败是互斥的,也就是说,下载成功时failedURLs数组里就不应该有这个url,为什么要这么写呢,这是为了解决竞态条件下的问题,若两个线程下载同一个url的图片,若第一个线程下载失败,第二个下载成功。如果不从failedURLs移除这个url的话,以后下载此url的图片都会失败。

    • 为什么要返回返回的SDWebImageCombinedOperation类型

    这个类型包含NSOperation *cacheOperation的一个子类型,其中cacheOperation中又存在id <SDWebImageOperation>的下载图片的subOperation。在cancel的时候也应该把这两个操作都cancle。

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