Anbox 实现分析 1:程序入口

作者: hanpfei | 来源:发表于2018-01-09 10:47 被阅读24次

    Anbox 的总体架构如 运行 Anbox 一文的相关内容所述,其运行时主要由两个分开的实例构成,容器管理器和会话管理器。anbox 用同一个可执行文件,在启动时通过不同的参数实现运行时执行两块完全不同的逻辑,完成容器管理和会话管理的任务。

    在命令行中,为 anbox 可执行文件提供不同的 command 参数来确定具体执行什么样的实例。Anbox 通过同一个可执行文件,将多个功能完全不同的逻辑粘合起来。查看 anbox 的 help 信息,内容如下:

    $ anbox help
    NAME:
        anbox - anbox
    
    USAGE:
        anbox [command options] [arguments...]
    
    COMMANDS:
        help                 prints a short help message                                                                         
        system-info          Print various information about the system we're running on                                         
        version              print the version of the daemon                                                                     
        session-manager      Run the the anbox session manager                                                                   
        launch               Launch an Activity by sending an intent
    

    anbox 可执行文件支持的 command 参数除了容器管理器的 container-manager 和会话管理器的 session-manager,还包括 helpsystem-infoversionlaunch 等。

    anbox 应用程序的 main() 函数(位于 anbox/src/main.cpp)如下:

    int main(int argc, char **argv) {
      anbox::Daemon daemon;
      return daemon.Run(anbox::utils::collect_arguments(argc, argv));
    }
    

    main() 函数中,创建了 anbox::Daemon 对象,通过 anbox::utils::collect_arguments() 函数将 C 风格的命令行参数字符串数组,转为命令行参数的 std::string 数组表示。anbox::utils::collect_arguments() 定义(位于 anbox/src/anbox/utils.cpp 文件中)如下:

    std::vector<std::string> collect_arguments(int argc, char **argv) {
      std::vector<std::string> result;
      for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) result.push_back(argv[i]);
      return result;
    }
    

    main() 函数完成一个简单的命令行参数转发,实际的应用程序入口位于 anbox::Daemon 类,该类定义(位于 anbox/src/anbox/daemon.h)如下:

    namespace anbox {
    class Daemon : public DoNotCopyOrMove {
     public:
      Daemon();
    
      int Run(const std::vector<std::string> &arguments);
    
     private:
      cli::CommandWithSubcommands cmd;
    };
    }  // namespace anbox
    

    这个类只有一个类型为 cli::CommandWithSubcommands 的成员变量 cmd,用于组织 Anbox 支持的所有命令。

    anbox::Daemon 类的实现(位于 anbox/src/anbox/daemon.cpp)如下:

    namespace anbox {
    Daemon::Daemon()
        : cmd{cli::Name{"anbox"}, cli::Usage{"anbox"},
              cli::Description{"The Android in a Box runtime"}} {
      cmd.command(std::make_shared<cmds::Version>())
         .command(std::make_shared<cmds::SessionManager>())
         .command(std::make_shared<cmds::Launch>())
         .command(std::make_shared<cmds::ContainerManager>())
         .command(std::make_shared<cmds::SystemInfo>());
    
    
      Log().Init(anbox::Logger::Severity::kWarning);
    
      const auto log_level = utils::get_env_value("ANBOX_LOG_LEVEL", "");
      if (!log_level.empty() && !Log().SetSeverityFromString(log_level))
        WARNING("Failed to set logging severity to '%s'", log_level);
    }
    
    int Daemon::Run(const std::vector<std::string> &arguments) try {
      auto argv = arguments;
      if (arguments.size() == 0) argv = {"run"};
      return cmd.run({std::cin, std::cout, argv});
    } catch (std::exception &err) {
      ERROR("%s", err.what());
    
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
    }  // namespace anbox
    

    anbox::Daemon 类的构造函数中,收集支持的所有命令,并设置全局的日志等级,在 Run() 函数中,由标准输入流,标准输出流和参数数组构建 cli::Command::Context 传给 cli::CommandWithSubcommands 类的 run() 函数。cli::CommandWithSubcommands 类的 run() 函数是在应用的整个声明周期中永不结束的函数,anbox::Daemon::Run() 函数也一样,因而为 cli::CommandWithSubcommands 类的 run() 函数传递在栈上临时构造的 cli::Command::Context 对象的引用不会产生问题。

    Anbox 的设计通过组合模式来组织各个命令,相关各个类的类图如下:

    Anbox Command Class Diagram

    Anbox 的这些 Command 类的基类 anbox::cli::Command 定义(位于 anbox/src/anbox/cli.h)如下:

    template <std::size_t max>
    class SizeConstrainedString {
     public:
      SizeConstrainedString(const std::string& s) : s{s} {
        if (s.size() > max)
          throw std::logic_error{"Max size exceeded " + std::to_string(max)};
      }
    
      const std::string& as_string() const { return s; }
    
      operator std::string() const { return s; }
    
     private:
      std::string s;
    };
    . . . . . .
    // We are imposing size constraints to ensure a consistent CLI layout.
    typedef SizeConstrainedString<20> Name;
    typedef SizeConstrainedString<60> Usage;
    typedef SizeConstrainedString<100> Description;
    . . . . . .
    /// @brief Command abstracts an individual command available from the daemon.
    class Command : public DoNotCopyOrMove {
     public:
      // Safe us some typing
      typedef std::shared_ptr<Command> Ptr;
    
      /// @brief FlagsMissing is thrown if at least one required flag is missing.
      struct FlagsMissing : public std::runtime_error {
        /// @brief FlagsMissing initializes a new instance.
        FlagsMissing();
      };
    
      /// @brief FlagsWithWrongValue is thrown if a value passed on the command line
      /// is invalid.
      struct FlagsWithInvalidValue : public std::runtime_error {
        /// @brief FlagsWithInvalidValue initializes a new instance.
        FlagsWithInvalidValue();
      };
    
      /// @brief Context bundles information passed to Command::run invocations.
      struct Context {
        std::istream& cin;              ///< The std::istream that should be used for reading.
        std::ostream& cout;             ///< The std::ostream that should be used for writing.
        std::vector<std::string> args;  ///< The command line args.
      };
    
      /// @brief name returns the Name of the command.
      virtual Name name() const;
    
      /// @brief usage returns a short usage string for the command.
      virtual Usage usage() const;
    
      /// @brief description returns a longer string explaining the command.
      virtual Description description() const;
    
      /// @brief hidden returns if the command is hidden from the user or not.
      virtual bool hidden() const;
    
      /// @brief run puts the command to execution.
      virtual int run(const Context& context) = 0;
    
      /// @brief help prints information about a command to out.
      virtual void help(std::ostream& out) = 0;
    
     protected:
      /// @brief Command initializes a new instance with the given name, usage and
      /// description.
      Command(const Name& name, const Usage& usage, const Description& description, bool hidden = false);
    
      /// @brief name adjusts the name of the command to n.
      // virtual void name(const Name& n);
      /// @brief usage adjusts the usage string of the comand to u.
      // virtual void usage(const Usage& u);
      /// @brief description adjusts the description string of the command to d.
      // virtual void description(const Description& d);
    
     private:
      Name name_;
      Usage usage_;
      Description description_;
      bool hidden_;
    };
    

    NameUsageDescription 都是长度受限的字符串的封装。anbox::cli::Command 类实现(位于 anbox/src/anbox/cli.cpp)如下

    cli::Name cli::Command::name() const { return name_; }
    
    cli::Usage cli::Command::usage() const { return usage_; }
    
    cli::Description cli::Command::description() const { return description_; }
    
    bool cli::Command::hidden() const { return hidden_; }
    
    cli::Command::Command(const cli::Name& name, const cli::Usage& usage,
                          const cli::Description& description, bool hidden)
        : name_(name), usage_(usage), description_(description), hidden_(hidden) {}
    

    anbox::cli::Command 类本身的实现主要是构造函数和几个 Getter 函数。run() 函数是命令执行的主体,也是 anbox::cli::Command 类最为重要的成员函数,其实现会交给其子类来完成。

    anbox::cli::Command 类的子类 anbox::cli::CommandWithSubcommandsanbox::cli::Command 的容器,它集合了 Anbox 支持的所有命令,在执行时根据参数选择具体的 anbox::cli::Command 子类执行。anbox::cli::CommandWithSubcommands 类定义(位于 anbox/src/anbox/cli.h)如下:

    /// @brief CommandWithSubcommands implements Command, selecting one of a set of
    /// actions.
    class CommandWithSubcommands : public Command {
     public:
      typedef std::shared_ptr<CommandWithSubcommands> Ptr;
      typedef std::function<int(const Context&)> Action;
    
      /// @brief CommandWithSubcommands initializes a new instance with the given
      /// name, usage and description.
      CommandWithSubcommands(const Name& name, const Usage& usage,
                             const Description& description);
    
      /// @brief command adds the given command to the set of known commands.
      CommandWithSubcommands& command(const Command::Ptr& command);
    
      /// @brief flag adds the given flag to the set of known flags.
      CommandWithSubcommands& flag(const Flag::Ptr& flag);
    
      // From Command
      int run(const Context& context) override;
      void help(std::ostream& out) override;
    
     private:
      std::unordered_map<std::string, Command::Ptr> commands_;
      std::set<Flag::Ptr> flags_;
    };
    

    anbox::cli::CommandWithSubcommands 类用一个 std::unordered_map 保存它维护的所有的 anbox::cli::Command 具体子类。anbox::cli::CommandWithSubcommands 类的实现(位于 anbox/src/anbox/cli.cpp)如下:

    namespace {
    namespace pattern {
    static constexpr const char* help_for_command_with_subcommands =
        "NAME:\n"
        "    %1% - %2%\n"
        "\n"
        "USAGE:\n"
        "    %3% [command options] [arguments...]";
    
    static constexpr const char* commands = "COMMANDS:";
    static constexpr const char* command = "    %1% %2%";
    
    static constexpr const char* options = "OPTIONS:";
    static constexpr const char* option = "    --%1% %2%";
    }
    . . . . . .
    cli::CommandWithSubcommands::CommandWithSubcommands(
        const Name& name, const Usage& usage, const Description& description)
        : Command{name, usage, description} {
      command(std::make_shared<cmd::Help>(*this));
    }
    
    cli::CommandWithSubcommands& cli::CommandWithSubcommands::command(
        const Command::Ptr& command) {
      commands_[command->name().as_string()] = command;
      return *this;
    }
    
    cli::CommandWithSubcommands& cli::CommandWithSubcommands::flag(
        const Flag::Ptr& flag) {
      flags_.insert(flag);
      return *this;
    }
    
    void cli::CommandWithSubcommands::help(std::ostream& out) {
      out << boost::format(pattern::help_for_command_with_subcommands) %
                 name().as_string() % usage().as_string() % name().as_string()
          << std::endl;
    
      if (flags_.size() > 0) {
        out << std::endl
            << pattern::options << std::endl;
        for (const auto& flag : flags_)
          out << boost::format(pattern::option) % flag->name() % flag->description()
              << std::endl;
      }
    
      if (commands_.size() > 0) {
        out << std::endl
            << pattern::commands << std::endl;
        for (const auto& cmd : commands_) {
          if (cmd.second && !cmd.second->hidden())
            out << boost::format(pattern::command) % cmd.second->name() %
                       cmd.second->description()
                << std::endl;
        }
      }
    }
    
    int cli::CommandWithSubcommands::run(const cli::Command::Context& ctxt) {
      po::positional_options_description pdesc;
      pdesc.add("command", 1);
    
      po::options_description desc("Options");
      desc.add_options()("command", po::value<std::string>()->required(),
                         "the command to be executed");
    
      add_to_desc_for_flags(desc, flags_);
    
      try {
        po::variables_map vm;
        auto parsed = po::command_line_parser(ctxt.args)
                          .options(desc)
                          .positional(pdesc)
                          .style(po::command_line_style::unix_style)
                          .allow_unregistered()
                          .run();
    
        po::store(parsed, vm);
        po::notify(vm);
    
        auto cmd = commands_[vm["command"].as<std::string>()];
        if (!cmd) {
          ctxt.cout << "Unknown command '" << vm["command"].as<std::string>() << "'"
                    << std::endl;
          help(ctxt.cout);
          return EXIT_FAILURE;
        }
    
        return cmd->run(cli::Command::Context{
            ctxt.cin, ctxt.cout,
            po::collect_unrecognized(parsed.options, po::include_positional)});
      } catch (const po::error& e) {
        ctxt.cout << e.what() << std::endl;
        help(ctxt.cout);
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
      }
    
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
    

    anbox::cli::CommandWithSubcommands 类的 command() 函数主要用于添加 Command 元素,flag() 函数用于添加 Flag 元素。help() 函数用于输出帮助信息,它主要是根据格式字符串,将 CommandWithSubcommands 及所有的子命令的名字、描述等内容格式化并输出。

    run() 函数解析命令行参数,选择适当的具体 Command 并执行。

    anbox::cli::Command 类的子类 anbox::cli::CommandWithFlagsAndAction 用于描述可以带一些参数选项的具体的 Command,如容器管理器,会话管理器等。Anbox 的具体 Command 的定制行为,不是通过 override 该类的 run() 函数,而是通过定义一个 std::function<int(const Context&)> Action 函数来实现的。Anbox 的具体 Command 通过 action() 函数将定制了行为的 Action 提交给 anbox::cli::CommandWithFlagsAndAction

    anbox::cli::CommandWithFlagsAndAction 定义(位于 anbox/src/anbox/cli.h)如下:

    /// @brief CommandWithFlagsAction implements Command, executing an Action after
    /// handling
    class CommandWithFlagsAndAction : public Command {
     public:
      typedef std::shared_ptr<CommandWithFlagsAndAction> Ptr;
      typedef std::function<int(const Context&)> Action;
    
      /// @brief CommandWithFlagsAndAction initializes a new instance with the given
      /// name, usage and description. Optionally the command can be marked as hidden.
      CommandWithFlagsAndAction(const Name& name, const Usage& usage,
                                const Description& description, bool hidden = false);
    
      /// @brief flag adds the given flag to the set of known flags.
      CommandWithFlagsAndAction& flag(const Flag::Ptr& flag);
    
      /// @brief action installs the given action.
      CommandWithFlagsAndAction& action(const Action& action);
    
      // From Command
      int run(const Context& context) override;
      void help(std::ostream& out) override;
    
     private:
      std::set<Flag::Ptr> flags_;
      Action action_;
    };
    

    Anbox 用 Flag 表示命令行参数选项,boost 可以辅助解析命令行参数并设置一些类型为 std::stringbool 之类的状态。通过 flag() 函数可以为具体 Command 添加一个命令行参数选项。

    anbox::cli::CommandWithFlagsAndAction 的实现(位于 anbox/src/anbox/cli.cpp)如下:

    void add_to_desc_for_flags(po::options_description& desc,
                               const std::set<cli::Flag::Ptr>& flags) {
      for (auto flag : flags) {
        po::value_semantic *spec = nullptr;
        flag->specify_option(spec);
        if (!spec) continue;
        desc.add_options()(flag->name().as_string().c_str(), spec,
                           flag->description().as_string().c_str());
      }
    }
    }
    . . . . . .
    cli::CommandWithFlagsAndAction::CommandWithFlagsAndAction(
        const Name& name, const Usage& usage, const Description& description, bool hidden)
        : Command{name, usage, description, hidden} {}
    
    cli::CommandWithFlagsAndAction& cli::CommandWithFlagsAndAction::flag(
        const Flag::Ptr& flag) {
      flags_.insert(flag);
      return *this;
    }
    
    cli::CommandWithFlagsAndAction& cli::CommandWithFlagsAndAction::action(
        const Action& action) {
      action_ = action;
      return *this;
    }
    
    int cli::CommandWithFlagsAndAction::run(const Context& ctxt) {
      po::options_description cd(name().as_string());
    
      bool help_requested{false};
      cd.add_options()("help", po::bool_switch(&help_requested),
                       "produces a help message");
    
      add_to_desc_for_flags(cd, flags_);
    
      try {
        po::variables_map vm;
        auto parsed = po::command_line_parser(ctxt.args)
                          .options(cd)
                          .style(po::command_line_style::unix_style)
                          .allow_unregistered()
                          .run();
        po::store(parsed, vm);
        po::notify(vm);
    
        if (help_requested) {
          help(ctxt.cout);
          return EXIT_SUCCESS;
        }
    
        return action_(cli::Command::Context{
            ctxt.cin, ctxt.cout,
            po::collect_unrecognized(parsed.options, po::include_positional)});
      } catch (const po::error& e) {
        ctxt.cout << e.what() << std::endl;
        help(ctxt.cout);
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
      }
    
      return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
    
    void cli::CommandWithFlagsAndAction::help(std::ostream& out) {
      out << boost::format(pattern::help_for_command_with_subcommands) %
                 name().as_string() % description().as_string() % name().as_string()
          << std::endl;
    
      if (flags_.size() > 0) {
        out << std::endl
            << boost::format(pattern::options) << std::endl;
        for (const auto& flag : flags_)
          out << boost::format(pattern::option) % flag->name() % flag->description()
              << std::endl;
      }
    }
    

    add_to_desc_for_flags() 函数将 flags_ 添加进 po::options_description,在后面通过 boost 的 command_line_parser 解析命令行参数时,与特定命令行参数选项相关联的状态会得到适当的更新。

    cli::CommandWithFlagsAndAction::run(const Context& ctxt) 解析命令行参数并执行 Action。cli::CommandWithFlagsAndAction::help(std::ostream& out) 函数与 cli::CommandWithSubcommands 的相同函数的实现类似,它根据格式字符串,将命令行参数选项格式化并输出。

    经过上面对 Anbox 的 Command 类结构体系的分析,我们获得了一个分析 Anbox 中如 SessionManagerContainerManager 这样的具体 Command 实现的框架:
    通过 flag() 函数可以提交一个 Flag,即一个命令行参数选项的描述及其关联的状态,该状态将在 Commandrun() 函数执行初期通过解析命令行参数来更新;通过 action() 函数可以提交一个函数,作为 Command 行为的主体,该函数将会在 Commandrun() 函数的最后执行。

    无论是对哪个 cli::CommandWithFlagsAndAction 的子类的分析,我们都可以把它分成两部分来看:一是通过 flag() 函数提交 Flag,二是通过 action() 提交的函数。

    Done。

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