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11月踩坑总结

11月踩坑总结

作者: cyq7on | 来源:发表于2016-12-04 12:03 被阅读133次

    最近完成了一个新项目的开发, 期间一把辛酸泪,在此记录下一些常见的坑,供自己和以后踩坑的小伙伴参考!

    一、toolbar 相关配置

    1、配置toolbar的背景颜色和状态栏颜色

    在style文件中新建主题进行配置,比如我的:

    <style name="IMTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar">
            <!-- Customize your theme here. -->
            <item name="colorPrimary">@color/colorPrimary</item>
            <item name="colorPrimaryDark">@color/colorPrimaryDark</item>
            <item name="colorAccent">@color/colorAccent</item>
     </style>
    

    当然,别忘了在Application或者需要的Activity节点上设置这个主题。
    关于这些属性,找到了一张不错的图:


    属性说明

    2、配置菜单属性

    菜单属性说明

    上图中,右上角菜单是黑色的,想将其设置为白色,方法同上:

    <style name="ToolbarTheme" parent="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.ActionBar">
            <item name="actionMenuTextColor">@color/white</item> <!--  敲定颜色-->
            <item name="android:textSize">18sp</item> <!--  搞掂字体大小-->
            <!-- navigation icon color -->
            <item name="colorControlNormal">@color/white</item>
            <!-- color of the menu overflow icon -->
            <item name="android:textColorSecondary">@color/white</item>
        </style>
    

    将主题配置到toolbar上:
    app:theme="@style/ToolbarTheme"

    3、配置弹出菜单属性

    点击上图的右上角,会弹出菜单列表,列表的字体颜色和背景也是可以配置的,其关键在于继承这个主题:

        <style name="Base.Widget.AppCompat.ActionButton.Overflow" parent="RtlUnderlay.Widget.AppCompat.ActionButton.Overflow">
            <item name="android:src">@drawable/abc_ic_menu_moreoverflow_mtrl_alpha</item>
            <item name="android:background">?attr/actionBarItemBackground</item>
            <item name="android:contentDescription">@string/abc_action_menu_overflow_description</item>
            <item name="android:minWidth">@dimen/abc_action_button_min_width_overflow_material</item>
            <item name="android:minHeight">@dimen/abc_action_button_min_height_material</item>
        </style>
    

    然后在toolbar上配置:
    app:popupTheme="@style/YourStyle"

    二、相册图片的路径

    在4.4之后,打开相册,选择图片之后得到的并不是图片的真实路径,我想这一点几乎所有开发者都清楚,但是知道和解决是两码事。我踩的坑在于,该项目是一个混合开发的模式,打开相册,选择图片,得到路径这一系列操作都是用的cordova插件,然后前端直接就返回给我一个路径了。在调试阶段,我的5.1版本的手机,返回的也都是真实的图片路径,没有任何问题,当时心里还不由得赞了一下cordova,路径问题都已经处理好了。等到打了正式包,进行测试的时候悲剧了,我再一看,握草,怎么路径变了!!!至今我也不知道cordova返回的路径为什么变化了,但是,解决方案是很明显的,需要我们自己转化嘛,贴上StackOverflow上大神的代码:

    /**
         * Get a file path from a Uri. This will get the the path for Storage Access
         * Framework Documents, as well as the _data field for the MediaStore and
         * other file-based ContentProviders.
         *
         * @param context The context.
         * @param uri The Uri to query.
         * @author paulburke
         */
        public static String getPath(final Context context, final Uri uri) {
    
            final boolean isKitKat = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT;
    
            // DocumentProvider
            if (isKitKat && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, uri)) {
                // ExternalStorageProvider
                if (isExternalStorageDocument(uri)) {
                    final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
                    final String[] split = docId.split(":");
                    final String type = split[0];
    
                    if ("primary".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
                        return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1];
                    }
    
                    // TODO handle non-primary volumes
                }
                // DownloadsProvider
                else if (isDownloadsDocument(uri)) {
    
                    final String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
                    final Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(
                            Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.valueOf(id));
    
                    return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, null, null);
                }
                // MediaProvider
                else if (isMediaDocument(uri)) {
                    final String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(uri);
                    final String[] split = docId.split(":");
                    final String type = split[0];
    
                    Uri contentUri = null;
                    if ("image".equals(type)) {
                        contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                    } else if ("video".equals(type)) {
                        contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                    } else if ("audio".equals(type)) {
                        contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                    }
    
                    final String selection = "_id=?";
                    final String[] selectionArgs = new String[] {
                            split[1]
                    };
    
                    return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, selection, selectionArgs);
                }
            }
            // MediaStore (and general)
            else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
    
                // Return the remote address
                if (isGooglePhotosUri(uri))
                    return uri.getLastPathSegment();
    
                return getDataColumn(context, uri, null, null);
            }
            // File
            else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(uri.getScheme())) {
                return uri.getPath();
            }
    
            return null;
        }
    
        /**
         * Get the value of the data column for this Uri. This is useful for
         * MediaStore Uris, and other file-based ContentProviders.
         *
         * @param context The context.
         * @param uri The Uri to query.
         * @param selection (Optional) Filter used in the query.
         * @param selectionArgs (Optional) Selection arguments used in the query.
         * @return The value of the _data column, which is typically a file path.
         */
        public static String getDataColumn(Context context, Uri uri, String selection,
                                           String[] selectionArgs) {
    
            Cursor cursor = null;
            final String column = "_data";
            final String[] projection = {
                    column
            };
    
            try {
                cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs,
                        null);
                if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                    final int index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(column);
                    return cursor.getString(index);
                }
            } finally {
                if (cursor != null)
                    cursor.close();
            }
            return null;
        }
    
    
        /**
         * @param uri The Uri to check.
         * @return Whether the Uri authority is ExternalStorageProvider.
         */
        public static boolean isExternalStorageDocument(Uri uri) {
            return "com.android.externalstorage.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
        }
    
        /**
         * @param uri The Uri to check.
         * @return Whether the Uri authority is DownloadsProvider.
         */
        public static boolean isDownloadsDocument(Uri uri) {
            return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
        }
    
        /**
         * @param uri The Uri to check.
         * @return Whether the Uri authority is MediaProvider.
         */
        public static boolean isMediaDocument(Uri uri) {
            return "com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
        }
    
        /**
         * @param uri The Uri to check.
         * @return Whether the Uri authority is Google Photos.
         */
        public static boolean isGooglePhotosUri(Uri uri) {
            return "com.google.android.apps.photos.content".equals(uri.getAuthority());
        }
    

    三、retrofit文件上传

    选了图片,接下来肯定就是上传了。我的网络框架用的retrofit,网上也有许多大神讲解其用法。这里就直接讨论其文件上传的用法,首先来看我定义的方法:

     @Multipart
        @POST("call")
        Call<UploadFileInfo> upLoadPhoto(@PartMap Map<String, RequestBody> map,
                            @Part("files\"; filename=\"photo.JPEG") 
                            
        @POST("call")
        @Multipart
        Call<UploadFileInfo> upLoadFile(@PartMap Map<String, RequestBody> map
                , @Part MultipartBody.Part file);
    
        @POST("call")
        @Multipart
        Call<UploadFileInfo> upLoadFiles(@PartMap Map<String, RequestBody> partMap);
    

    很明显,前两种是单文件上传,最后是多文件上传。
    而第一种对文件进行了硬编码,显然是不可取的,那么科学的方式自然是后两种。直接上多文件的代码:

    private void uploadFiles(List<String> listUrl) {
            Map<String, RequestBody> files = new HashMap<>();
            MediaType imageType = MediaType.parse("image/*");
            MediaType textType = MediaType.parse("text/plain");
            for (String url : listUrl) {
                File file = new File(url);
                RequestBody fileBody = RequestBody.create(imageType, file);
                String fileName = file.getName();
                files.put("files\"; filename=\"" + fileName,fileBody);
            }
            RequestBody textParam = RequestBody.create(textType,"textParam");
            files.put("textParam",textParam);
            Retrofit retrofit = AppClient.getRetrofit(Constants.BASE_URL_YIWEN);
            ApiStores apiStores = retrofit.create(ApiStores.class);
            Call<UploadFileInfo> call = apiStores.upLoadFiles(files);
            call.enqueue(new Callback<UploadFileInfo>() {
                @Override
                public void onResponse(Call<UploadFileInfo> call, Response<UploadFileInfo> response) {
    
                }
    
                @Override
                public void onFailure(Call<UploadFileInfo> call, Throwable t) {
    
                }
            });
        }
    

    四、图片压缩

    上传的网络请求本身没有问题了,但是有时会出现图片过大导致上传失败的现象,于是,图片压缩就必不可少了。这里推荐写得挺好的文章:
    Android图片压缩(质量压缩和尺寸压缩)
    android图片压缩总结
    我用到了其中2个方法:

    public static Bitmap compressImageFromFile(String srcPath){
            BitmapFactory.Options newOpts = new BitmapFactory.Options();
            newOpts.inJustDecodeBounds = true;//只读边,不读内容
            Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(srcPath, newOpts);
    
            newOpts.inJustDecodeBounds = false;
            int w = newOpts.outWidth;
            int h = newOpts.outHeight;
            float hh = 800f;//
            float ww = 480f;//
            int be = 1;
            if (w > h && w > ww) {
                be = (int) (newOpts.outWidth / ww);
            } else if (w < h && h > hh) {
                be = (int) (newOpts.outHeight / hh);
            }
            if (be <= 0)
                be = 1;
            newOpts.inSampleSize = be;//设置采样率
    
            newOpts.inPreferredConfig = Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888;//该模式是默认的,可不设
            newOpts.inPurgeable = true;// 同时设置才会有效
            newOpts.inInputShareable = true;//。当系统内存不够时候图片自动被回收
    
            bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(srcPath, newOpts);
    //      return compressBmpFromBmp(bitmap);//原来的方法调用了这个方法企图进行二次压缩
            //其实是无效的,大家尽管尝试
            return bitmap;
        }
        /**
         * Compress by quality,  and generate image to the path specified
         *
         * @param image
         * @param outPath
         * @param maxSize target will be compressed to be smaller than this size.(kb)
         * @throws IOException
         */
        public static void compressAndGenImage(Bitmap image, String outPath, int maxSize) throws IOException {
            ByteArrayOutputStream os = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            // scale
            int options = 100;
            // Store the bitmap into output stream(no compress)
            image.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, options, os);
            // Compress by loop
            while ( os.toByteArray().length / 1024 > maxSize) {
                // Clean up os
                os.reset();
                // interval 10
                options -= 10;
                image.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, options, os);
            }
    
            // Generate compressed image file
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(outPath);
            fos.write(os.toByteArray());
            fos.flush();
            fos.close();
        }
    

    最近有发现了一个可能是最接近微信朋友圈的图片压缩算法

    五、打包

    build.gradle脚本配置好了签名文件,也切换到了release模式,打出来的包还可能不能覆盖老版本的包吗?
    在此之前,我觉得不会吧??!!
    不过,这次遇见了,其实原因也简单,但是在不知道之前,这个坑却难填。首先,我拿到的源码里面build.gradle中targetSdkVersion是22,那么我就理所当然的就认为上个版本也是,也就这样打包了。经过几番折腾才发现,上个版本的包targetSdkVersion居然是23,这也就难怪了!
    这里就推荐一个查看apk基本信息的命令,避免遇到此类坑:
    aapt dump badging <file_path.apk>
    效果如下:

    效果

    注意使用此命令需要配置环境变量,或者cd 至Android SDK的build-tools目录下进行。
    关于此命令更详细的讲解
    打包提速
    至此,总结就差不多了,通过这段时间的项目开发,认识到了自己某些方面的不足,也见识到了隔壁部门大牛的更加科学、全面的分析和解决问题的方法。
    任重道远,风雨兼程!

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