考研英语阅读真题 Postgraduate entrance examination
主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。要对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。阅读能力的提高是一个逐步进步的过程，需要我们持之以恒地不断前进。要想获得满意的考研英语成绩，根本的方法就是提高词汇量，加强阅读训练，同时熟悉一些阅读技巧和做题方法也是至关重要的。
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Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?
中产阶级面临的恼人挑战之一：当机器要抢占他们的工作时，他们该怎么办？而这个问题在下届总统竞选很可能被忽略。
Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U. S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering -- have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.
不要完全放弃那种可能性。根据牛津大学的一项研究，大约一半的美国工作处于自动化的高风险中，而中产阶级的压力不成比例。像园艺或日托等低收入的工作对机器人不具有吸引力。但是，许多中产阶级的职业——卡车、金融咨询、软件工程——引起了他们的兴趣，或者很快就会流行起来。富人拥有机器人，所以他们会很好。
This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.
这可不是危言耸听。乐观主义者指出，过去的技术动荡使工人受益匪浅。尽管工业革命对于工作被机械化设备替代的勒德分子（1811—1816年英国手工业）而言并非好事，但它最终提高了生活水平并创造了比之前更多的工作岗位。同样，自动化最终应该提高生产率，通过压低价格刺激需求，使工人从辛苦、无聊的工作中解放出来。但从中期来看，中产阶级工人可能需要大量的帮助调整。
The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums -- from grammar school to college -- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.
正如埃里克·布林霍夫森和安德鲁·麦卡菲在第二机器时代所主张的，第一步应该是重新思考教育和职业培训。从文法学校到大学的所有课程应该减少对记忆行为的强调，而更注重创造性和复杂的交流。职业学校应该更好地培养解决问题的能力，帮助学生和机器人一起工作。网络教育可以补充传统的教育方式。它可以使额外的训练和指导负担得起。试图获得新技能的专业人士能够在不负债的情况下做到这一点。
The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U. S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven't been invented yet. The U. S. needs the new companies that will invent them.
应对自动化的挑战凸显出美国需要重振衰退的商业活力：必须让新公司的成立变得更加容易。在之前剧烈技术变革的时代，企业家们通过想出将劳动力和机器结合起来的方法平滑了这种转变。3D打印机和虚拟现实的最佳用途还没有被发明出来。美国需要创新的公司。
Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.
最后，由于自动化威胁扩大资本收入和劳动收入之间的差距，税收和网络安全将不得不重新考虑。应该降低对低收入人群的税收，扩大对所得税等的工资补贴。这将增加收入，鼓励工作，奖励公司创造就业机会，减少不平等。
Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.
技术在未来几年将提升社会大大小小各个方面，但这丝毫不能安慰那些生活和工作受到自动化影响的人。摧毁即将到来的工作机器将是一件棘手的事情。但是帮助工人适应的政策是必不可少的。
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