低性能的代码实现功能场景可能不会影响应用的正常运行,但却会对应用的性能造成负面影响。本文列举出了一些可提升性能的场景供参考。
使用数据懒加载
开发者在使用长列表时,如果直接采用循环渲染方式,如下所示,会一次性加载所有的列表元素,一方面会导致页面启动时间过长,影响用户体验,另一方面也会增加服务器的压力和流量,加重系统负担。
@Entry
@Component
struct MyComponent {
@State arr: number[] = Array.from(Array(100), (v,k) =>k); //构造0-99的数组
build() {
List() {
ForEach(this.arr, (item: number) => {
ListItem() {
Text(`item value: ${item}`)
}
}, (item: number) => item.toString())
}
}
}
上述代码会在页面加载时将100个列表元素全部加载,这并非我们需要的,我们希望从数据源中按需迭代加载数据并创建相应组件,因此需要使用数据懒加载,如下所示:
class BasicDataSource implements IDataSource {
private listeners: DataChangeListener[] = []
public totalCount(): number {
return 0
}
public getData(index: number): any {
return undefined
}
registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
if (this.listeners.indexOf(listener) < 0) {
console.info('add listener')
this.listeners.push(listener)
}
}
unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
const pos = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);
if (pos >= 0) {
console.info('remove listener')
this.listeners.splice(pos, 1)
}
}
notifyDataReload(): void {
this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
listener.onDataReloaded()
})
}
notifyDataAdd(index: number): void {
this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
listener.onDataAdd(index)
})
}
notifyDataChange(index: number): void {
this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
listener.onDataChange(index)
})
}
notifyDataDelete(index: number): void {
this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
listener.onDataDelete(index)
})
}
notifyDataMove(from: number, to: number): void {
this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
listener.onDataMove(from, to)
})
}
}
class MyDataSource extends BasicDataSource {
private dataArray: string[] = ['item value: 0', 'item value: 1', 'item value: 2']
public totalCount(): number {
return this.dataArray.length
}
public getData(index: number): any {
return this.dataArray[index]
}
public addData(index: number, data: string): void {
this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data)
this.notifyDataAdd(index)
}
public pushData(data: string): void {
this.dataArray.push(data)
this.notifyDataAdd(this.dataArray.length - 1)
}
}
@Entry
@Component
struct MyComponent {
private data: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource()
build() {
List() {
LazyForEach(this.data, (item: string) => {
ListItem() {
Row() {
Text(item).fontSize(20).margin({ left: 10 })
}
}
.onClick(() => {
this.data.pushData('item value: ' + this.data.totalCount())
})
}, item => item)
}
}
}
上述代码在页面加载时仅初始化加载三个列表元素,之后每点击一次列表元素,将增加一个列表元素。
设置List组件的宽高
在使用Scroll容器组件嵌套List组件加载长列表时,若不指定List的宽高尺寸,则默认全部加载。
class BasicDataSource implements IDataSource {
private listeners: DataChangeListener[] = []
public totalCount(): number {
return 0
}
public getData(index: number): any {
return undefined
}
registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
if (this.listeners.indexOf(listener) < 0) {
console.info('add listener')
this.listeners.push(listener)
}
}
unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
const pos = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);
if (pos >= 0) {
console.info('remove listener')
this.listeners.splice(pos, 1)
}
}
notifyDataReload(): void {
this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
listener.onDataReloaded()
})
}
notifyDataAdd(index: number): void {
this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
listener.onDataAdd(index)
})
}
notifyDataChange(index: number): void {
this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
listener.onDataChange(index)
})
}
notifyDataDelete(index: number): void {
this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
listener.onDataDelete(index)
})
}
notifyDataMove(from: number, to: number): void {
this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
listener.onDataMove(from, to)
})
}
}
class MyDataSource extends BasicDataSource {
private dataArray: Array<string> = new Array(100).fill('test')
public totalCount(): number {
return this.dataArray.length
}
public getData(index: number): any {
return this.dataArray[index]
}
public addData(index: number, data: string): void {
this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data)
this.notifyDataAdd(index)
}
public pushData(data: string): void {
this.dataArray.push(data)
this.notifyDataAdd(this.dataArray.length - 1)
}
}
@Entry
@Component
struct MyComponent {
private data: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource()
build() {
Scroll() {
List() {
LazyForEach(this.data, (item: string, index: number) => {
ListItem() {
Row() {
Text('item value: ' + item + (index + 1)).fontSize(20).margin(10)
}
}
})
}
}
}
}
因此,此场景下建议设置List子组件的宽高。
class BasicDataSource implements IDataSource {
private listeners: DataChangeListener[] = []
public totalCount(): number {
return 0
}
public getData(index: number): any {
return undefined
}
registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
if (this.listeners.indexOf(listener) < 0) {
console.info('add listener')
this.listeners.push(listener)
}
}
unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
const pos = this.listeners.indexOf(listener);
if (pos >= 0) {
console.info('remove listener')
this.listeners.splice(pos, 1)
}
}
notifyDataReload(): void {
this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
listener.onDataReloaded()
})
}
notifyDataAdd(index: number): void {
this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
listener.onDataAdd(index)
})
}
notifyDataChange(index: number): void {
this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
listener.onDataChange(index)
})
}
notifyDataDelete(index: number): void {
this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
listener.onDataDelete(index)
})
}
notifyDataMove(from: number, to: number): void {
this.listeners.forEach(listener => {
listener.onDataMove(from, to)
})
}
}
class MyDataSource extends BasicDataSource {
private dataArray: Array<string> = new Array(100).fill('test')
public totalCount(): number {
return this.dataArray.length
}
public getData(index: number): any {
return this.dataArray[index]
}
public addData(index: number, data: string): void {
this.dataArray.splice(index, 0, data)
this.notifyDataAdd(index)
}
public pushData(data: string): void {
this.dataArray.push(data)
this.notifyDataAdd(this.dataArray.length - 1)
}
}
@Entry
@Component
struct MyComponent {
private data: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource()
build() {
Scroll() {
List() {
LazyForEach(this.data, (item: string, index: number) => {
ListItem() {
Text('item value: ' + item + (index + 1)).fontSize(20).margin(10)
}.width('100%')
})
}.width('100%').height(500)
}.backgroundColor(Color.Pink)
}
}
使用条件渲染替代显隐控制
如下所示,开发者在使用visibility通用属性控制组件的显隐状态时,仍存在组件的重新创建过程,造成性能上的损耗。
@Entry
@Component
struct MyComponent {
@State isVisible: Visibility = Visibility.Visible;
build() {
Column() {
Button("显隐切换")
.onClick(() => {
if (this.isVisible == Visibility.Visible) {
this.isVisible = Visibility.None
} else {
this.isVisible = Visibility.Visible
}
})
Row().visibility(this.isVisible)
.width(300).height(300).backgroundColor(Color.Pink)
}.width('100%')
}
}
要避免这一问题,可使用if条件渲染代替visibility属性变换,如下所示:
@Entry
@Component
struct MyComponent {
@State isVisible: boolean = true;
build() {
Column() {
Button("显隐切换")
.onClick(() => {
this.isVisible = !this.isVisible
})
if (this.isVisible) {
Row()
.width(300).height(300).backgroundColor(Color.Pink)
}
}.width('100%')
}
}
使用Column/Row替代Flex
由于Flex容器组件默认情况下存在shrink导致二次布局,这会在一定程度上造成页面渲染上的性能劣化。
@Entry
@Component
struct MyComponent {
build() {
Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Column }) {
Flex().width(300).height(200).backgroundColor(Color.Pink)
Flex().width(300).height(200).backgroundColor(Color.Yellow)
Flex().width(300).height(200).backgroundColor(Color.Grey)
}
}
}
上述代码可将Flex替换为Column、Row,在保证实现的页面布局效果相同的前提下避免Flex二次布局带来的负面影响。
@Entry
@Component
struct MyComponent {
build() {
Column() {
Row().width(300).height(200).backgroundColor(Color.Pink)
Row().width(300).height(200).backgroundColor(Color.Yellow)
Row().width(300).height(200).backgroundColor(Color.Grey)
}
}
}
减少应用滑动白块
应用通过增大List/Grid控件的cachedCount参数,调整UI的加载范围。cachedCount表示屏幕外List/Grid预加载item的个数。
如果需要请求网络图片,可以在item滑动到屏幕显示之前,提前下载好内容,从而减少滑动白块。
如下是使用cachedCount参数的例子:
@Entry
@Component
struct MyComponent {
private source: MyDataSource = new MyDataSource();
build() {
List() {
LazyForEach(this.source, item => {
ListItem() {
Text("Hello" + item)
.fontSize(50)
.onAppear(() => {
console.log("appear:" + item)
})
}
})
}.cachedCount(3) // 扩大数值appear日志范围会变大
}
}
class MyDataSource implements IDataSource {
data: number[] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15];
public totalCount(): number {
return this.data.length
}
public getData(index: number): any {
return this.data[index]
}
registerDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
}
unregisterDataChangeListener(listener: DataChangeListener): void {
}
}
使用说明:
cachedCount的增加会增大UI的cpu、内存开销。使用时需要根据实际情况,综合性能和用户体验进行调整。
网友评论