一、归档NSKeyedArchiver和解归档NSKeyedUnarchiver

1.首先确定存储路径。

NSHomeDirectory和NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains的区别

1.NSHomeDirectory
NSString *path1 = NSHomeDirectory();
NSLog(@"path1:%@", path1);
//path1:/Users/yuanjun/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/4.2/Applications/172DB70A-145B-4575-A31E-D501AC6EA830

2.NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains
NSString *path2 = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
NSLog(@"path2:%@", path2);
//path2:/Users/yuanjun/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/4.2/Applications/172DB70A-145B-4575-A31E-D501AC6EA830/Library/Caches

NSString *docPath =  [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
NSLog(@"path3:%@", path3);
//path3:/Users/yuanjun/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/4.2/Applications/172DB70A-145B-4575-A31E-D501AC6EA830/Documents

2.需要归档的对象
h文件，最后归档协议NSCoding

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Dog : NSObject <NSCoding>

@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *dogName;
@property (nonatomic, assign) NSInteger dogAge;

@end

m文件，实现归档和反归档协议方法

//归档
//对dog对象进行归档时,此方法执行
//对dog中想要进行归档的所有属性,进行序列化操作
- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder {
    
    [aCoder encodeObject:self.dogName forKey:@"dogName"]; //归档普通对象
    [aCoder encodeInteger:self.dogAge forKey:@"dogAge"]; //归档数字
}

//反归档
//对dog对象进行反归档时,该方法执行
//创建一个新的dog对象,所有属性都是通过反序列化得到
- (instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder {
    
    if (self = [super init]) {
        
        self.dogName = [aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"dogName"];
        self.dogAge = [aDecoder decodeIntegerForKey:@"dogAge"];
    }
    return self;
}

控制器中操作，存储数据和取出数据

    Dog *heiZi = [[Dog alloc] init];
    heiZi.dogName = @"黑子";
    heiZi.dogAge = 5;
    
//    确定存储路径
    NSString *path = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES) lastObject];
    path = [path stringByAppendingString:@"dogInfo"];

//    初始化数据对象
    NSMutableData *dogData = [[NSMutableData alloc] init];
    
//    初始化归档对象
    NSKeyedArchiver *archive = [[NSKeyedArchiver alloc] initForWritingWithMutableData:dogData];
    
//    开始归档
    [archive encodeObject:heiZi forKey:@"heiZi"];
    [archive finishEncoding];
    
//    判断是否成功
    BOOL finish = [dogData writeToFile:path atomically:YES];
    if (finish) {
        NSLog(@"666_SunDePrint_999:%@", @"归档成功");
    }else{
        NSLog(@"666_SunDePrint_999:%@", @"归档失败");
    }
    
//也可以用直接类方法根据路径直接归档
//[NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:heiZi toFile:path];
    
//    通过路径取出存储数据
    NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:path];
    //    反归档
    NSKeyedUnarchiver *unArchive = [[NSKeyedUnarchiver alloc] initForReadingWithData:data];
    Dog *newDog =  [unArchive decodeObjectForKey:@"heiZi"];
    
//可以直接用类方法，根据路径直接解归档
//    Dog *newDog = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithFile:path];
    NSLog(@"666_SunDePrint_999:%@--%ld", newDog.dogName, newDog.dogAge);

结果：

归档结果.png

二、利用runtime归档 （结合KVC）

利用runtime class_copyPropertyList 方法获得对象的属性列表。遍历数组，根据得到的属性名结合KVC方法进行归档和解归档。

#import "Dog.h"
#import <objc/runtime.h>

@implementation Dog

//归档
//对dog对象进行归档时,此方法执行
//对dog中想要进行归档的所有属性,进行序列化操作
- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder {
    
    unsigned int proCount;
    objc_property_t *pros = class_copyPropertyList([self class], &proCount);
    for (int i = 0; i < proCount; i++) {
        
        objc_property_t pro = pros[i];
        
        NSString *proName = [NSString stringWithCString:property_getName(pro) encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
        NSLog(@"666_SunDePrint_999:%@", proName);

        [aCoder encodeObject:[self valueForKey:proName] forKey:proName];
    }
    free(pros);
}

//解归档
//对dog对象进行解归档时,该方法执行
//创建一个新的dog对象,所有属性都是通过反序列化得到
- (instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder {
    
    if (self = [super init]) {
        
        unsigned int proCount;
        objc_property_t *pros = class_copyPropertyList([self class], &proCount);
        for (int i = 0; i < proCount; i++) {
            
            objc_property_t pro = pros[i];
            
            NSString *proName = [NSString stringWithCString:property_getName(pro) encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
            [self setValue:[aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:proName] forKey:proName];
        }
        free(pros);
    }

    return self;
}
@end