我们希望夏天的衣服散热，冬天的衣服保暖，所以夏天的衣服和冬天的衣服往往用不同的布料来做。那么有没有一种布料能同时做到冬暖夏凉呢？
A smart fabric that regulates temperature
by Rima Sabina Aouf
Researchers at University of Maryland have invented a smart material capable of warming up a person when they're cold and cooling them down when they're hot.★
researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/ n. 研究者（由research加上表示人的后缀-er）
Maryland /ˈmeərilænd/ n. 马里兰州（美国东部的州）
material /məˈtɪəriəl/ n. 原材料、布料
capable /ˈkeɪpəb(ə)l/ of doing something 能够做某事
warm up 使温暖、使变热
cool down 使冷却、使变凉
★ 这句话里的they/them是不区分性别的第三人称单数，指代前面的a person
The textile is made of regular polymer fibres that have been coated with carbon nanotubes, making them responsive to changes in body heat. In warm and humid conditions, when the body is sweating on a hot day, the yarn contracts, allowing more infrared radiation coming off the body to pass through. When it's cool and dry, the yarn expands, trapping that same heat.
textile /ˈtekstaɪl/ n. 纺织品、衣服
polymer /ˈpɒlɪmə(r)/ n. 聚合物
fibre /ˈfaɪbə(r)/ n. 纤维
coat /kəʊt/ v. 涂上一层、覆盖一层
carbon /ˈkɑːb(ə)n/ n. 碳
nanotube /ˈnænəʊtjuːb/ n. 纳米管（由tube加上表示纳米的前缀nano-）
responsive /rɪˈspɒnsɪv/ adj. 反应灵敏的
humid /ˈhjuːmɪd/ adj. 潮湿的、湿润的
condition /kənˈdɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 状态、条件
sweat /swet/ v. 出汗
yarn /jɑːn/ n. 纱、纱线
contract /kənˈtrækt/ v. 收缩
infrared /ˌɪnfrəˈred/ adj. 红外的、红外线的
radiation /ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 辐射（由radiate加后缀-ion变成名词）
expand /ɪkˈspænd/ v. 扩大、扩张
trap /træp/ v. 使保持不动
The effect would be almost instantaneous（立刻发生的）, with the fabric activating well before a person noticed any physical discomfort.
fabric /ˈfæbrɪk/ n. 织物、布料
activate /ˈæktɪveɪt/ v. 激活、使活化（由active加后缀-ate变成动词）
well /wel/ adv. 远远（表示强调）
physical /ˈfɪzɪk(ə)l/ adj. 身体的
discomfort /dɪsˈkʌmfət/ n. 不舒服、不适（由comfort加上表示否定的前缀dis-）
The University of Maryland (UMD) scientists discussed the research in the journal Science this month, in a paper titled "Dynamic gating of infrared radiation in a textile".
journal /ˈdʒɜːn(ə)l/ n. 期刊
paper /ˈpeɪpə(r)/ n. 论文
title /ˈtaɪt(ə)l/ v. 给予标题
dynamic /daɪˈnæmɪk/ adj. 动态的
gate /ɡeɪt/ v. 用门控制
"The human body is a perfect radiator. It gives off heat quickly," said researcher Min Ouyang, a UMD physics professor and co-author on the paper. "For all of history, the only way to regulate the radiator has been to take clothes off or put clothes on. But this fabric is a true bidirectional regulator."
radiator /ˈreɪdieɪtə(r)/ n. 散热器（由radiate加上表示人或物的后缀-or）
give off 发出、放出（光、热、气体等）
co- 前缀，意思是“共同”
regulate /ˈreɡjuleɪt/ v. 调节、调控
bidirectional /ˌbaɪdɪˈrekʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. 双向的（由direction加上表示双的前缀bi-再加后缀-al变成形容词）
regulator /ˈreɡjuleɪtə(r)/ n. 调节器（由regulate加上表示人或物的后缀-or）
The most obvious application for the material would be sportswear, but the researchers see a wider scope for its use in clothing and bed linen. "I think it's very exciting to be able to apply this gating phenomenon to the development of a textile that has the ability to improve the functionality of clothing and other fabrics," continued Ouyang.
application /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 应用、运用
sportswear /ˈspɔːtsweə(r)/ n. 运动装（由sports和wear组成）
scope /skəʊp/ n. 范围、范畴
bed linen /ˈlɪnɪn/ 床上用品
apply /əˈplaɪ/ v. 应用、使用
phenomenon /fəˈnɒmɪnən/ n. 现象
functionality /ˌfʌŋkʃəˈnæləti/ n. 功能性（由function加后缀-al变成形容词functional，再加后缀-ity变成名词）
The fabric constitutes a new type of active or smart material – a class of materials that change their colour, stiffness or another property in response to some prompt. In this case, the yarn changes shape.
constitute /ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt/ v. 被看做
stiffness /ˈstɪfnəs/ n. 僵硬度、挺括度（由stiff加后缀-ness变成名词）
property /ˈprɒpəti/ n. 属性
response /rɪˈspɒns/ n. 响应、回应
prompt /prɒmpt/ n. 提示（指外界的刺激）
Researchers at MIT achieved a similar effect a few years ago with a material they dubbed BioLogic, which harnessed the power of certain bacteria.
MIT 麻省理工学院
dub /dʌb/ v. 起名字、起绰号
harness /ˈhɑːnəs/ v. 控制并利用
power /paʊə(r)/ n. 能力
bacterium /bækˈtɪəriəm/ n. 细菌（bacteria /bækˈtɪəriə/ 是复数）
In contrast, the UMD's material uses a readily available base fibre, with a carbon coating they say can be easily added during the dying process. It also harnesses electromagnetic changes in the carbon-based coating to enhance the effect.
contrast /ˈkɒntrɑːst/ n. 对比、反差
readily /ˈred(ə)li/ adv. 立刻地（由ready加后缀-ly变成副词）
base /beɪs/ n. 基础
coating /ˈkəʊtɪŋ/ n. 涂层
dye /daɪ/ v. 染色
process /ˈprəʊses/ n. 过程
electromagnetic /ɪˌlektrəʊmæɡˈnetɪk/ adj. 电磁的
-based 后缀，意思是“基于…的”
enhance /ɪnˈhɑːns/ v. 增强
The warping yarn actually helps to modulate temperature in two ways. The first is that with enlarged pores in the fabric, more heat can escape, cooling down the body.
warp /wɔːp/ v. 弯曲、变形
modulate /ˈmɒdjuleɪt/ v. 调节、调整
enlarge /ɪnˈlɑːdʒ/ v. 变大（由large加前缀en-变成动词）
pore /pɔː(r)/ n. 毛孔、小孔
But the bigger impact comes from a knock-on effect of this distortion. With the pores more open and strands of yarn closer together, the electromagnetic coupling between the carbon nanotubes changes, further augmenting how much infrared radiation can pass through.
impact /ˈɪmpækt/ n. 显著影响
knock-on 造成连锁反应的
distortion /dɪˈstɔːʃ(ə)n/ n. 变形
strand /strænd/ n. 一股、一缕
couple /ˈkʌp(ə)l/ v. 连接（electromagnetic coupling指电磁感应）
augment /ɔːɡˈment/ v. 增强
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