我们都喜欢听音乐，基本上每个人都有自己特别喜欢的歌曲。音乐对人的影响是多方面的，其中有些影响是潜移默化的，我们很难察觉到。
How music can change our behavior
by Nina Avramova
Music is present in every part of our lives. Our spiritual rituals are framed with songs, children learn the alphabet through song and the malls and cafes we visit during our leisure time are rarely silent.
present /ˈprez(ə)nt/ adj. 在场的
spiritual /ˈspɪrɪtʃuəl/ adj. 精神上的、宗教的
ritual /ˈrɪtʃuəl/ n. 仪式
frame /freɪm/ v. （以某种方式）表达
alphabet /ˈælfəbet/ n. 字母表
leisure /ˈleʒə(r)/ n. 休闲
But just how much can this ever-present thing impact us – and the way we act and feel? Research suggests music can influence us a lot. It can impact illness, depression, spending, productivity and our perception of the world.
ever-present 始终存在的
impact /ɪmˈpækt/ v. 影响
suggest /səˈdʒest/ v. 表明
influence /ˈɪnfluəns/ v. 影响
depression /dɪˈpreʃ(ə)n/ n. 抑郁、抑郁症
productivity /ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/ n. 生产能力（由productive加后缀-ity变成名词）
perception /pəˈsepʃ(ə)n/ n. 感知
Everyone can relate to the experience of listening to a melancholic（忧郁的） playlist and then not being able to escape the mood. But, according to research, even how we perceive the world around us can be influenced by music.
relate /rɪˈleɪt/ to something 因为曾经经历过而能够理解某事
playlist /ˈpleɪlɪst/ n. 播放清单、播放列表（由play和list组成）
perceive /pəˈsiːv/ v. 看待
Researchers at the University of Groningen showed in an experiment that listening to sad or happy music can not only put people in a different mood, but also change what people notice.
researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/ n. 研究者（由research加上表示人的后缀-er）
In a 2011 study, 43 students listened to happy or sad music in the background as they were tasked with identifying happy and sad faces. When happy music was played participants spotted more happy faces and the opposite was true for sad music. The researchers argue that this could be because the perceptual decision on our sensory stimuli, in the experiment's case the face expressions, are directly influenced by our state of mind.
background /ˈbækɡraʊnd/ n. 背景
task /tɑːsk/ v. 给予任务
identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ v. 识别、辨认出
participant /pɑːˈtɪsɪp(ə)nt/ n. 参与者
spot /spɒt/ v. 看见、看出
opposite /ˈɒpəzɪt/ n. 相反的人或事
argue /ˈɑːɡjuː/ v. 论证
perceptual /pəˈseptʃuəl/ adj. 感知的
sensory /ˈsens(ə)ri/ adj. 感官的、感觉的（由sense加后缀-ory变成形容词）
stimulus /ˈstɪmjuləs/ n. 刺激、刺激物（stimuli /ˈstɪmjʊlaɪ/ 是复数）
expression /ɪkˈspreʃ(ə)n/ n. 表情
state /steɪt/ n. 状态
But if music can change our mood and perception, the question remains if that is a good thing. Another recent study says it depends. People with clinical depression tendencies were found to feel worse after listening to sad music. On the other hand, those who didn't have these tendencies reported feeling better after listening to sad music. It helps work through emotions and fosters connections between people, previous research said. The study included people with and without depression and found that both groups felt better after listening to happy music.
it depends 得看情况
clinical /ˈklɪnɪk(ə)l/ adj. 临床的、临床诊断的
tendency /ˈtendənsi/ n. 倾向、趋势（由tend加后缀-ency变成名词）
on the other hand 另一方面
work through 一步步地处理好问题
emotion /ɪˈməʊʃ(ə)n/ n. 情感、情绪
foster /ˈfɒstə(r)/ v. 培养
connection /kəˈnekʃ(ə)n/ n. 关系、联系（由connect加后缀-ion变成名词）
Music triggers the hormones oxytocin and serotonin, responsible for bonding, trust and intimacy. It can "bring people together and fuel these social bonds," and this can be positive as well as negative, said Laurel Trainor, professor of psychology, neuroscience（神经科学） and behavior and director of the McMaster Institute for music and the mind. For example, as far back as we have records, music has been used in war, because it brought people together socially.
trigger /ˈtrɪɡə(r)/ v. 引发
hormone /ˈhɔːməʊn/ n. 荷尔蒙、激素
responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəb(ə)l/ for something 负责某事
bond /bɒnd/ v. 建立牢固的人际关系
intimacy /ˈɪntɪməsi/ n. 亲密关系
fuel /ˈfjuːəl/ v. 加强、强化
bond /bɒnd/ n. 牢固的人际关系
positive /ˈpɒzətɪv/ adj. 正面的、好的
as well as = and also
negative /ˈneɡətɪv/ adj. 负面的、不好的
psychology /saɪˈkɒlədʒi/ n. 心理学
institute /ˈɪnstɪtjuːt/ n. 学院、研究所
record /ˈrekɔːd/ n. 记录、书面记载
socially /ˈsəʊʃ(ə)li/ adv. 社交上、交际上（由social加后缀-ly变成副词）
Trainor thinks that it is "part of our biological heritage" that music has not just a positive side to social bonding but also a negative one. "We need to recognize that if we want to use music in positive ways."
biological /ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l/ adj. 生物的、生物学的（由biology加后缀-ical变成形容词）
heritage /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ n. 文化遗产
（如果您使用的是火狐浏览器，可能会发现某些行的最后一个单词被分成两半了，这是简书系统的Bug，换成Chrome或其他浏览器就能正常显示了。）
网友评论