From: the 7 habits Of highly effective people
Author: Steven R covey
Translator: 一切都还不晚
译文仅供个人学习，不用于任何形式商业目的，转载请注明原作者、文章来源、翻译作者，版权归原文作者所有。
高效能人士的七个习惯
Perhaps the most important insight to be gained from the perception demonstration is in the area of paradigm shifting, what we might call the "Aha!" experience when someone finally "sees" the composite picture in another way. The more bound a person is by the initial perception, the more powerful the "Aha!" experience is. It's as though a light were suddenly turned on inside.
或许从以上感知演示实验中获得的最为重要的顿悟就是关于思维转换方面的，当有人最终能从不同的视角去看这副合成照片，那么我们可以认为这是一个非常棒的实验。一个人被最初的观念束缚的越强，那么这个实验起到的作用就更强大，这就好比心中突然亮起了一盏明灯。
The term paradigm shift was introduced by Thomas Kuhn in his highly influential landmark book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Kuhn shows how almost every significant breakthrough in the field of scientific endeavor is first a break with tradition, with old ways of thinking, with old paradigms.
思维转换这一名词是托马斯·库恩在他的那本影响深远，具有里程碑意义的书籍里提到的，书名就是科学演化结构。库恩向我们展示了，几乎所有的科学研究取得突破性进展，首先都是对传统，对旧的思维模式，就得思维定式的突破。
For Ptolemy, the great Egyptian astronomer, the earth was the center of the universe. But Copernicus created a paradigm shift, and a great deal of resistance and persecution as well, by placing the sun at the center. Suddenly, everything took on a different interpretation.
比如托勒密，埃及伟大的天文学家，提出了地球是宇宙的中心，但是哥白尼对此进行了思维定式的转移，虽然遭受了大量的反对与迫害，但是依然提出太阳才是宇宙的中心，转念间，所有的事物都发生了转变。
The Newtonian model of physics was a clockwork paradigm and is still the basis of modern engineering. But it was partial, incomplete. The scientific world was revolutionized by the Einsteinian paradigm, the relativity paradigm, which had much higher predictive and explanatory value.
牛顿物理模型就像是时钟的时钟工作的思维定式，并且依然是当今工程学的基础，但是他是部分的，是不完整的。爱因斯坦的范式促进了科学世界的进化，相对论理论具有更高级的预见性与解释意义。
Until the germ theory was developed, a high percentage of women and children died during childbirth, and no one could understand why. In military skirmishes, more men were dying from small wounds and diseases than from the major traumas on the front lines. But as soon as the germ theory was developed, a whole new paradigm, a better, improved way of understanding what was happening, made dramatic, significant medical improvement possible.
在微生物理论形成以前，相当大比例的妇女和婴儿在分娩过程中死亡，当时没有人能解释其中的原因。小规模的冲突中，与在前线遭受重要创伤的人相比，更多的人是死于小伤小病。随着微生物学的发展，一个全新的思维模式形成了，使得人们能有更好的，更进步的方式来解释发生了什么，这也为医药学取得重大进步提供了可能。
The United States today is the fruit of a paradigm shift. The traditional concept of government for centuries had been a monarchy, the divine right of kings. Then a different paradigm was developed—government of the people, by the people, and for the people. And a constitutional democracy was born, unleashing tremendous human energy and ingenuity, and creating a standard of living, of freedom and liberty, of influence and hope unequaled in the history of the world.
当今的美国就是思维转换结出的果实，几个世纪以来传统意义上的政府就是君主制的，国王具有神圣的权利。当认识到人民政府就是来自于人民，服务于人民以后，一个不同的思维定式产生了，宪法民主制度也由此诞生了，使人民释放出巨大的能力和才干，创造出了在历史上绝无仅有的自由民主、具有巨大影响且充满希望的生活。
Not all paradigm shifts are in positive directions. As we have observed, the shift from the Character Ethic to the Personality Ethic has drawn us away from the very roots that nourish true success and happiness.
但是，并不是所有的思维定式的转换都会产生积极的效果，如我们所了解的，性格伦理思维向人格魅力伦理转换过程中，就把我们从滋养切实的幸福与成功的根源里拉走了。
But whether they shift us in positive or negative directions, whether they are instantaneous or developmental, paradigm shifts move us from one way of seeing the world to another. And those shifts create powerful change. Our paradigms, correct or incorrect, are the sources of our attitudes and behaviors, and ultimately our relationships with others.
但是，不管这种转变给我们带来的影响是消极的还是积极的，不惯是稍纵即逝的还是不断发展的，思维转换都会促使我们改变看待问题的方式，并且这种转变是会产生巨大能量的改变，不论我们的思维定式正确与否，它都会是我们行为态度的本源，最终影响个人与他人之间的关系。
I remember a mini-paradigm shift I experienced one Sunday morning on a subway in New York. People were sitting quietly—some reading newspapers, some lost in thought, some resting with their eyes closed. It was a calm, peaceful scene.Then suddenly, a man and his children entered the subway car. The children were so loud and rambunctious that instantly the whole climate changed.
我依然记得发生在我身上的一次小小的思维定式的转变。那是一个周末的早晨，在去纽约的地铁上，人们都在座位上安静的坐着，有人在阅读，有人在小声交谈，也有人在闭目养神，就在这样的一个平和的环境里，突然有个男人带着他的孩子们进入了地铁，孩子们很吵而且都很粗鲁，很快就改变了整个车厢里的气氛。
The man sat down next to me and closed his eyes, apparently oblivious to the situation. The children were yelling back and forth, throwing things, even grabbing people's papers. It was very disturbing. And yet, the man sitting next to me did nothing.
此时，那个男人就坐在我旁边，闭着眼睛，显然他没有在意当时的情况，孩子们不断的来回跑动，扔东西，甚至是伸手去拿别人的报纸。这使人非常恼火，但是他们的爸爸对此却无动于衷。
It was difficult not to feel irritated. I could not believe that he could be so insensitive as to let his children run wild like that and do nothing about it, taking no responsibility at all. It was easy to see that everyone else on the subway felt irritated, too. So finally, with what I felt was unusual patience and restraint, I turned to him and said, "Sir, your children are really disturbing a lot of people. I wonder if you couldn't control them a little more?"
在这种情况下要保持冷静肯定是很难的，我很难想象他为什么能如此的镇定，任由他的孩子们如此般胡乱跑动而不采取任何措施，真的是一点也不负责任，很明显能够看出其他人也都为此而表现得很愤怒，最后在忍无可忍的情况下，我径直走到那个男人身旁，对他说，先生，你的孩子真的影响到周围的人了，你就不能为此做点什么吗？
The man lifted his gaze as if to come to a consciousness of the situation for the first time and said softly, "Oh, you're right. I guess I should do something about it. We just came from the hospital where their mother died about an hour ago. I don't know what to think, and I guess they don't know how to handle it either."
那个男人抬起头，好像他是刚刚才意识到车厢里的情况，并说着"是的，你是对的，我想我应该为此做点什么才行，我们刚刚从医院里回来，他们的妈妈在一小时之前离开了他们，我脑子里太乱了，我想孩子们也不知道要如何处理这件事了。
Can you imagine what I felt at that moment? My paradigm shifted. Suddenly I saw things differently, and because I saw differently, I thought differently, I felt differently, I behaved differently. My irritation vanished. I didn't have to worry about controlling my attitude or my behavior; my heart was filled with the man's pain. Feelings of sympathy and compassion flowed freely. "Your wife just died? Oh, I'm so sorry! Can you tell me about it? What can I do to help?" Everything changed in an instant.
你能想象我当时的感受吗？忽然间我的思考方式发生了转变，立马从另外一个角度看待这个问题了，正由于我看待问题的方式发生了改变，所以想法发生了改变，我的感受和行为也随之发生了改变。我的火气瞬间烟消云散，我也不必去刻意控制我的态度和行为，心中充满了那个人的痛苦，同情与关心随之而来，并问他:"我非常抱歉，不知道你的妻子去世了，你能告诉我发生了什么吗？我能帮你做点什么呢？就在那一瞬间所有的事都发生了改变。
Many people experience a similar fundamental shift in thinking when they face a life-threatening crisis and suddenly see their priorities in a different light, or when they suddenly step into a new role, such as that of husband or wife, parent or grandparent, manager or leader.We could spend weeks, months, even years laboring with the Personality Ethic trying to change our attitudes and behaviors and not even begin to approach the phenomenon of change that occurs spontaneously when we see things differently.
很多人都会在遇到生命的危机时，也会经历这样的的根本性的改变，忽然间就能从不同的角度看待自己的当务之急，或者是在忽然间进入另外一种角色中的时候，比如丈夫与妻子，父母与祖父母，管理者与领导人。如果是在人格伦理下试图去改变我们的行为和态度，那么可能就需要花费数周，数月甚至数年的时间，当我们用不同的方式看待问题时，我们甚至无法接近那些不经意间发生的改变。
It becomes obvious that if we want to make relatively minor changes in our lives, we can perhaps appropriately focus on our attitudes and behaviors. But if we want to make significant, quantum change, we need to work on our basic paradigms.
很显然，如果我们想让我们的生活发生相对较大的改变，也许我们可以适当的把焦点放在我们的行为和态度上，但是如果我们想取得意义重大的改变，那么我们就需要在基本的思维定式上下功夫了。
In the words of Thoreau, "For every thousand hacking at the leaves of evil, there is one striking at the root."We can only achieve quantum improvements in our lives as we quit hacking at the leaves of attitude and behavior and get to work on the root, the paradigms from which our attitudes and behaviors flow.
梭罗有言:"对邪恶的枝叶击打千次，抵不上对其根部有力一击。"，要想在生活中取得重大进步，那么就必须在行为态度的本源上下功夫，因为我们的因为态度来源于我们的思维定式。
The End！
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