Django admin是Django 提供的基于 web 的管理工具。Django 自动管理工具是 django.contrib 的一部分。你可以在项目的 settings.py 中的 INSTALLED_APPS 看到它。django.contrib是一套庞大的功能集,它是Django基本代码的组成部分。
Django内置的Admin是对于model中对应的数据表进行增删改查提供的组件。
admin的内部依赖:
依赖APP:
django.contrib.auth
django.contrib.contenttypes
django.contrib.messages
django.contrib.sessions
模板的context_processors:
django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth
django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages
中间件:
django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware
django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware
一、定制admin
- 在admin.py中只需要将Mode中的某个类注册一下,即可在Admin中实现增删改查的功能,注册规则如下:
from django.contrib import admin
from app import models
admin.site.register(models.UserInfo)
- 以上这种方式比较简单,如果想要进行更多的定制操作,需要利用ModelAdmin进行操作,如下:
方式一:
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):#必须继承admin.ModelAdmin
pass
admin.site.register(models.UserInfo, UserAdmin) # 第一个参数可以是列表
方式二:
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) # 第一个参数可以是列表
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('user', 'pwd',)
二、 ModelAdmin中提供的可定制功能简单示例
- list_display,列表或元组内的元素是Model中的字符串类型的字段,定制显示的列。
class UserInfo(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ("username","phone","email")
admin.site.register(models.UserInfo,UserInfo)
- list_display_links,列表或元组内的元素是Model中的字符串类型的字段,定制列可以点击跳转。
class UserInfo(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ("username","phone","email")
list_display_links = ['username','phone','email']
admin.site.register(models.UserInfo,UserInfo)
class UserInfo(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ("username","phone","email")
list_display_links = ['username','phone','email']
list_filter = ['username','phone']#一般列表里面存放的字段都是一对多的字段,要不然就没什么意义了
admin.site.register(models.UserInfo,UserInfo)
class UserInfo(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ("username","phone","email")
list_display_links = ['username','phone','email']
list_filter = ['username','phone']#一般列表里面存放的字段都是一对多的字段,要不然就没什么意义了
search_fields = ["username",'phone']
admin.site.register(models.UserInfo,UserInfo)
class ArticleAction(admin.ModelAdmin):
def func(self, request, queryset):
queryset.delete()
func.short_description = "快捷删除选中项"
actions = [func, ]
# Action选项都是在页面上方显示
actions_on_top = True
# Action选项都是在页面下方显示
actions_on_bottom = False
# 是否显示选择个数
actions_selection_counter = True
admin.site.register(models.Article,ArticleAction)
- list_select_related,连表查询是否自动select_related,对应的值是Ture或False
- 分页相关
# 分页,每页显示条数
list_per_page = 100
# 分页,显示全部(真实数据<该值时,才会有显示全部)
list_max_show_all = 200
# 分页插件
paginator = Paginator
- date_hierarchy,对Date和DateTime类型进行搜索
@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
date_hierarchy = 'ctime'
- preserve_filters,详细页面,删除、修改,更新后跳转回列表后,是否保留原搜索条件
- save_as = False,详细页面,按钮为“Sava as new” 或 “Sava and add another”
- save_as_continue = True,点击保存并继续编辑
save_as_continue = True
# 如果 save_as=True,save_as_continue = True, 点击Sava as new 按钮后继续编辑。
# 如果 save_as=True,save_as_continue = False,点击Sava as new 按钮后返回列表。
New in Django 1.10.
- save_on_top = False,详细页面,在页面上方是否也显示保存删除等按钮
- inlines,详细页面,如果有其他表和当前表做FK,那么详细页面可以进行动态增加和删除
class UserInfoInline(admin.StackedInline): # TabularInline
extra = 0
model = models.UserInfo
class GroupAdminMode(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('id', 'title',)
inlines = [UserInfoInline, ]
add_form_template = None
change_form_template = None
change_list_template = None
delete_confirmation_template = None
delete_selected_confirmation_template = None
object_history_template = None
- raw_id_fields,详细页面,针对FK和M2M字段变成以Input框形式
@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
raw_id_fields = ('FK字段', 'M2M字段',)
@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
fields = ('user',)
@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
exclude = ('user',)
- readonly_fields,详细页面时,只读字段
@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
readonly_fields = ('user',)
- fieldsets,详细页面时,使用fieldsets标签对数据进行分割显示
@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
fieldsets = (
('基本数据', {
'fields': ('user', 'pwd', 'ctime',)
}),
('其他', {
'classes': ('collapse', 'wide', 'extrapretty'), # 'collapse','wide', 'extrapretty'
'fields': ('user', 'pwd'),
}),
)
- 详细页面时,M2M显示时,数据移动选择(方向:上下和左右)
@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
filter_vertical = ("m2m字段",) # 或filter_horizontal = ("m2m字段",)
@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
ordering = ('-id',)
或
def get_ordering(self, request):
return ['-id', ]
- view_on_site,编辑时,是否在页面上显示view on set
view_on_site = False
或
def view_on_site(self, obj):
return 'https://www.baidu.com'
- radio_fields,详细页面时,使用radio显示选项(FK默认使用select)
radio_fields = {"ug": admin.VERTICAL} # 或admin.HORIZONTAL
- show_full_result_count = True,列表时,模糊搜索后面显示的数据个数样式
@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
# show_full_result_count = True # 1 result (12 total)
# show_full_result_count = False # 1 result (Show all)
search_fields = ('user',)
- formfield_overrides = {},详细页面时,指定现实插件
from django.forms import widgets
from django.utils.html import format_html
class MyTextarea(widgets.Widget):
def __init__(self, attrs=None):
# Use slightly better defaults than HTML's 20x2 box
default_attrs = {'cols': '40', 'rows': '10'}
if attrs:
default_attrs.update(attrs)
super(MyTextarea, self).__init__(default_attrs)
def render(self, name, value, attrs=None):
if value is None:
value = ''
final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs, name=name)
return format_html('<textarea {}>\r\n{}</textarea>',final_attrs, value)
@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
formfield_overrides = {
models.models.CharField: {'widget': MyTextarea},
}
- prepopulated_fields = {},添加页面,当在某字段填入值后,自动会将值填充到指定字段。
@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
prepopulated_fields = {"email": ("user","pwd",)}
PS: DjangoAdmin中使用js实现功能,页面email字段的值会在输入:user、pwd时自动填充
- form = ModelForm,用于定制用户请求时候表单验证
from app01 import models
from django.forms import ModelForm
from django.forms import fields
class MyForm(ModelForm):
others = fields.CharField()
class Meta:
model = models = models.UserInfo
fields = "__all__"
@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
form = MyForm
- empty_value_display = "列数据为空时,显示默认值"
@admin.register(models.UserInfo)
class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
empty_value_display = "列数据为空时,默认显示"
list_display = ('user','pwd','up')
def up(self,obj):
return obj.user
up.empty_value_display = "指定列数据为空时,默认显示"
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