- What is the political party of the President now?
Answer: Republican (Party)
Explanation:Senators, representatives, and the president of the United States almost all have political affiliations (or membership in a political party), but not necessarily the same ones. Sometimes most of the members of Congress have the same political affiliation that the president does. When that happens, making laws is usually easy, because Congress and the president have the same beliefs about what the government should do. Congress makes laws and the president approves them.
At other times, things don’t work as smoothly (or easily). Congress has one political affiliation, but the president has another political affiliation. When that happens, it is more difficult to make laws, because Congress and the president do not agree on what the government should do. Congress might pass a law, but when it goes to the president for approval, he or she may not sign it (or put his or her name on it to show that it is okay to make it a law).
Whether or not Congress and the President have the same political affiliation can change during an administration (or the period of time when one person is serving or working as president). That’s because the president is elected every four years, but Congress is elected more often. Members of the House of Representatives are elected every two years. Members of the Senate are elected for six years, but one- third (or 33%) of them are elected every two years, so the political affiliation of the majority (or the bigger part, more than 50% of the members) can change every two years.
This means that a president might begin his or her administration or term with a Congress that has a majority (or over 50%) of its members from the same party, but at the end of the administration, the situation might have reversed itself (or become the opposite). Presidents try to take advantage of (or use the opportunity to get the most or best results) the time when the majority of Congress members have the same political affiliation, because this is when the president can most easily pursue (or try to get) his or her agenda (or the plan of what a person wants to get done while working in a public job).
46.总统现在的政党是什么？
答：共和党（党）
说明：参议员,众议院和总统的美国几乎所有的政治立场(或加入一个政党),但不一定是相同的。有时，大多数国会议员与总统有着相同的政治倾向。当这种情况发生时，制定法律通常很容易，因为国会和总统对于政府应该做什么有着相同的信念。国会制定法律，总统批准它们。
在其他时候，事情就不那么顺利(或容易)了。国会有一个政治派别，但总统有另一个政治派别。当这种情况发生时，制定法律就比较困难了，因为国会和总统在政府应该做什么上没有达成一致。国会可能会通过一项法律，但当它提交给总统审批时，他或她可能不会签署(或在上面写上他或她的名字，以表明可以将其成为法律)。
无论国会和总统是否具有相同的政治关系，都可以在一届政府期间(或在一个人担任总统或担任总统期间)发生变化。这是因为总统每四年选举一次，但国会选举更频繁。众议院议员每两年选举一次。参议院的成员每六年选举一次，但是三分之一(或33%)的议员每两年选举一次，所以大多数(或更大的部分，超过50%的议员)的政治倾向每两年可以改变一次。
这意味着，一位总统可能在他或她的任期开始时，来自同一政党的国会成员占多数(或50%以上)，但在任期结束时，情况可能会发生逆转(或相反)。总统试图利用(或利用这个机会获得最大的或最好的结果)的时候大多数国会成员有相同的政治立场,因为这是当总统可以最容易追求(或让)他或她的议程（或一个人在从事公共工作时想要完成的计划）。
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- What is the name of the Speaker of the House of Representatives now?
Answer: (Nancy) Pelosi
Explanation:There are 435 members in the House of Representatives. Can you imagine trying to make laws or to get any work done without a clear leader who can guide (or lead) all those people? The person who does this is called the Speaker of the House of Representatives, which is a very important position in U.S. government. The Speaker of the House not only leads the House of Representatives, but also is in the presidential line of succession (or the plan for who will become president if something happens to the president). If the president can no longer be president, then his or her replacement would be the vice president, but if he or she cannot be president either, then the Speaker of the House becomes president.
The Speaker of the House is a member of the House of Representatives. The 435 members of the House vote to decide who will be the Speaker. Usually the Speaker is a member of the majority party (or the political party that most representatives are a member of), but not always. The Speaker is elected (or chosen) on the first day of a new Congressional session (or the period of time when the Congress is meeting) for a two-year term, which is the amount of time that someone works in a public position. During those two years, the Speaker has all the same duties (or responsibilities) as a regular representative, discussing and voting on issues. But he or she also has some special duties.
The Speaker of the House has control of the calendar that shows when bills (or ideas for laws) will be discussed and voted on. The Speaker can use this power to make sure that his or her favorite bills are discussed and passed before other bills can be discussed and passed.
The Speaker of the House also serves (or works in a public job) as the presiding officer when the House of Representatives meets. The Speaker of the House calls on other members of the House, giving them permission to speak when bills are being discussed. Nobody can speak unless the Speaker has given permission (or said that it is okay to speak).
- 现在的众议院议长叫什么名字?
答:南希·佩洛西
说明：众议院有435名成员。你能想象在没有一个能够指导(或领导)所有这些人的明确领导的情况下，试图制定法律或完成任何工作吗?这样做的人被称为众议院议长，这在美国政府中是一个非常重要的职位。众议院议长不仅领导着众议院，而且还在总统的继承权线上(或者如果总统发生什么事，谁将成为总统的计划)。如果总统不再是总统，那么他或她的继任者将是副总统，但如果他或她也不能成为总统，那么众议院议长将成为总统。
众议院议长是众议院的一名成员。众议院的435名成员投票决定谁将担任议长。通常情况下，议长是多数党(或大多数众议员所属的政党)的成员，但也不总是这样。议长在国会新会期(或国会会期)的第一天被选出，任期两年，也就是某人在公共岗位上工作的时间。在这两年中，议长的职责与普通代表相同，讨论和表决问题。但他或她也有一些特殊的职责。
众议院议长拥有日历的控制权，可以显示何时讨论和表决法案(或法律构想)。议长可以使用这个权力来确保他或她最喜欢的法案在其他法案被讨论和通过之前得到讨论和通过。
众议院议长还在众议院开会时担任(或担任公职)主持官员。众议院议长向众议院其他成员发出呼吁，允许他们在讨论法案时发言。除非讲话者允许(或说可以发言)，否则没有人可以发言。
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- There are four amendments to the Constitution about who can vote. Describe one of them.
Answer:
Citizens eighteen (18) and older (can vote). You don’t have to pay (a poll tax) to vote. Any citizen can vote. (Women and men can vote.) A male citizen of any race (can vote).
Explanation:Voting is one of the important rights (or freedoms) that Americans have, but not everyone can vote. The Constitution, which is the most important legal document in the United States, has 27 amendments (or changes or additions to the Constitution that have been approved by the voters). Four of these amendments are about who can vote. Let’s take a quick look at each of them. The 15th Amendment was passed (or approved) in 1870. It forbids (or doesn’t allow) the government to use race (or skin color) in deciding who is eligible (or has the right) to vote. Before this amendment was passed, many states did not allow black or African American people to vote in their elections. The 15th Amendment made that illegal (or against the law). The next amendment related to voting was the 19th Amendment, passed in 1920. This amendment forbids the government to use gender (or whether someone is a man or a woman) in deciding who is eligible to vote. Before this amendment was passed, only men could vote. This amendment gave women the right to vote. In 1964, the 24th Amendment was passed. It prohibits (or doesn’t allow) the government to make people pay money to vote. Before 1964, some states had made voters pay a tax (or money paid to the government) to cast their ballot (or vote). This made it very difficult or impossible for poor people to vote and that is why it was made illegal. The fourth and final (or last) amendment related to voting was the 26th Amendment passed in 1971. This amendment grants (or gives) suffrage (or the right to vote) to American citizens who are at least 18 years old. Before this amendment was passed, many states would let people vote only if they were at least 21 years old. Many people thought that this was unfair, since young men could join the army when they were 18, dying for their country before they were able to vote. With this amendment, however, American citizens can begin voting once they are 18 years old. - 宪法有四条关于谁有投票权的修正案。描述其中一个。
回答:
18岁以上的公民(可以投票)。你不必支付(人头税)投票。任何公民都可以投票。(男人和女人可以投票)。任何种族的男性公民(可以投票)。
解释:投票是美国人拥有的一种重要的权利(或自由),但并不是每个人都可以投票。宪法是美国最重要的法律文件，有27条修正案(或经选民批准的对宪法的修改或增补)。其中四项修正案是关于谁有投票权的。让我们快速浏览一下它们。第15修正案于1870年通过(或批准)。它禁止(或不允许)政府使用种族(或肤色)来决定谁有资格(或有权利)投票。在这项修正案通过之前，许多州不允许黑人或非裔美国人在选举中投票。第15修正案规定这是非法的。第二修正案投票有关第19修正案于1920年通过。这项修正案禁止政府在决定谁有资格投票时使用性别(或某人是男人还是女人)。在这项修正案通过之前，只有男性可以投票。这项修正案赋予妇女投票权。1964年,第24修正案被通过了。它禁止(或不允许)政府让人们花钱投票。在1964年之前，一些州已经要求选民缴纳税款(或支付给政府的钱)来投票。这使得穷人很难或不可能投票，这就是为什么它被定为非法。第四个也是最后一个(或最近)相关修正案投票是26号修正案于1971年通过。这项修正案给予年满18岁的美国公民选举权。在这项修正案通过之前，许多州只允许21岁以上的人投票。许多人认为这是不公平的，因为年轻人可以在18岁时参军，在他们能够投票之前就为国家献身。然而，有了这项修正案，美国公民在18岁之后就可以开始投票。
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- What is one responsibility that is only for United States citizens?
Answer:Serve on a jury
Vote
Explanation:People who come to live in the United States as resident aliens (or people who can live and work in the United States but are not citizens) can do almost everything that American citizens can do, but there are two important differences. Only U.S. citizens can vote and serve on a jury.
In most countries, the right (or freedom) to vote is only for citizens. It makes sense that only the people who officially belong to a country should have the right to vote there. Serving on a jury, though, is not a right that is talked about as much as voting.
In the United States, all people have the right to a trial by jury. A trial is a lawsuit or a case heard (or argued and discussed) in a court. If someone says that you have done something illegal (or against the law), you can argue about it in a court. This is your trial. The people who decide whether you are guilty (or that you have committed a crime) are the jury. The jury is the small group of people who will listen to the whole trial and then make a decision about whether or not you are guilty. They bring their decision back to the judge (or the person who manages the trial and courtroom) and he or she decides what your punishment will be (or how much money you will have to pay or how long you will be in jail for what you have done).
American citizens have the responsibility to serve on a jury. We call this jury duty and it begins when you get a letter in the mail summoning you (or telling you to come) to jury duty. Then you go to the court on the date stated (or written) in the letter. Many other people who were also summoned go to the court that same day. If you are selected for jury duty, then you have to watch the whole trial. Employers (or the people or company that you work for) give their employees time off (or permission to not come to work) for jury duty. Usually jury duty lasts only a few days, but if you are put on a very long and difficult trial, it can last weeks or even months.
Since people in most states are paid only a very small amount of money by the court to be on jury duty, some people try to avoid (or not serve on) jury duty. But if everyone avoided jury duty, we wouldn’t have enough people to decide cases. So serving on a jury is an important duty (or responsibility).
- 哪一项责任只属于美国公民?
答:担任陪审员
投票
解释:来美国居住的外国人(或可以在美国生活和工作但不是美国公民的人)几乎可以做美国公民能做的一切事情，但有两个重要的区别。只有美国公民才能投票和担任陪审员。
在大多数国家，投票的权利(或自由)只属于公民。只有正式属于一个国家的人才有投票权，这是有道理的。然而，担任陪审员并不是一项像投票权一样被广泛讨论的权利。
在美国，所有人都有参与陪审团审判的权利。审判是在法庭上审理的诉讼或案件(或辩论和讨论)。如果有人说你做了违法的事情，你可以在法庭上辩论。这是对你的审判。决定你是否有罪(或你是否犯了罪)的人是陪审团。陪审团是一小群人，他们会听取整个审判过程，然后决定你是否有罪。他们将自己的决定反馈给法官(或管理审判和法庭的人)，由他或她决定你将受到何种惩罚(或你必须支付多少钱，或你将因所做的事在监狱里呆多久)。
美国公民有义务担任陪审员。我们称这为陪审义务，当你收到一封邮件召唤你(或告诉你来)陪审义务时，它就开始了。然后你在信中规定的(或写的)日期去法院。许多其他被传唤的人也在同一天到庭。如果你被选为陪审员，那么你必须观看整个审判。雇主(或你工作的人或公司)允许他们的员工休假(或不来上班)担任陪审员。陪审团的职责通常只持续几天，但如果你面临一个非常漫长和困难的审判，它可以持续几周甚至几个月。
由于在大多数州，法院付给人们的陪审费很少，所以有些人试图逃避(或不履行)陪审职责。但是如果每个人都逃避陪审团的职责，我们就没有足够的人来裁决案件了。因此，担任陪审员是一项重要的职责。
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- What are two rights only for United States citizens?
Answer:
Apply for a federal job
Vote
Run for office
Carry a U.S. passport
Explanation:The United States is a land of opportunity, which means that there are a lot of things that people can achieve (or do) if they want to. But some opportunities are reserved (or set aside) only for U.S. citizens. What can citizens do that no one else can? Only U.S. citizens can vote, apply for a federal job, run for office, and carry a U.S. passport. Only U.S. citizens can vote in city, state, and federal (or national) elections. This is both a right (something that one can do) and a responsibility (something that one should do). Many Americans choose not to vote, but they always have the opportunity to participate in elections if they want to. U.S. citizens can also apply for federal jobs (or jobs with the national government). These jobs are not available to people who are not U.S. citizens. Sometimes this is because of the risk (or the possibility of something bad happening) of national secrets (or important information other people shouldn’t know about) being given to other countries. Another reason that federal jobs are not available to people who are not U.S. citizens is that Americans want their taxes (or money that they pay to the government) to be used to pay other Americans and not people from other countries. U.S. citizens may run for office (or try to get elected (or chosen) for a political job by voters). This can be anything from the mayor (or elected leader) of a city to the president of the United States and every job in between. Often there are other requirements to run for office, such as age or residency (or the amount of time that someone has lived in a certain place). Finally, only U.S. citizens can carry (or have and travel with) a U.S. passport. Not all citizens have a passport. It is a document that we must apply for (or fill out a form to request). But all Americans are entitled (or have the right) to get a passport and travel to other countries. People who are not U.S. citizens, of course, cannot have a U.S. passport.
- 哪两项权利只属于美国公民?
答:
申请一份联邦政府的工作
投票
竞选公职
持有美国护照
解释:美国是一个充满机会的土地上,这意味着有很多事情人们可以实现(或做)如果他们想。但有些机会只留给美国公民。公民能做什么别人不能做的事?只有美国公民才能投票、申请联邦职位、竞选公职和持有美国护照。只有美国公民才能投票在城市,州和联邦(或国家)的选举。这既是一种权利(可以做的事)，也是一种责任(应该做的事)。许多美国人选择不投票，但如果他们愿意，他们总是有机会参加选举。美国公民也可以申请联邦政府的工作(或国家政府的工作)。非美国公民无法获得这些工作。有时，这是因为国家机密(或其他人不应该知道的重要信息)被泄露给其他国家的风险(或坏事发生的可能性)。非美国公民无法获得联邦工作的另一个原因是，美国人希望他们缴纳的税款(或缴纳给政府的钱)用于支付其他美国人，而不是其他国家的人。美国公民可以竞选公职(或试图被选民选为政治职务)。这可以是任何事情，从一个城市的市长(或民选领导人)到美国的总统和每一个工作之间。竞选公职通常还有其他要求，比如年龄或居住时间(或某人在某个地方居住的时间)。最后,只有美国公民可以携带美国护照(或有和旅行)。不是所有的公民都有护照。这是一份我们必须申请的文件(或根据要求填写表格)。但所有美国人都有资格(或有权利)获得护照并前往其他国家。当然，不是美国公民的人不能持有美国护照。
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