第二次世界大战已经结束七十多年了，可是对于日本来说，这场战争仿佛并未远去。不管是中日关系、日韩关系还是日俄关系，都深深地受到二战的负面影响。
World War II never ended between Russia and Japan
by Anna Nemtsova & Jake Adelstein
Almost three quarters of a century after World War II and Japan's unconditional surrender to the other Allies in August 1945, Tokyo and Moscow are still technically at war, albeit a cold war.
unconditional /ˌʌnkənˈdɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adj. 无条件的（由condition加后缀-al变成形容词conditional，再加上表示否定的前缀un-）
surrender /səˈrendə(r)/ n. 投降
ally /ˈælaɪ/ n. 盟友、盟国（the Allies指二战时的同盟国，包括中国、美国、苏联、英国、法国等）
Tokyo /ˈtəʊkiəʊ/ n. 东京（日本首都）
Moscow /ˈmɒskəʊ/ n. 莫斯科（俄罗斯首都，也是苏联首都）
technically /ˈteknɪk(ə)li/ adv. 严格来说
albeit /ɔːlˈbiːɪt/ conj. 尽管、虽然
But in both countries, whenever there is movement toward a settlement, historical emotions become hysterical emotions among passionate nationalists.
movement /ˈmuːvmənt/ n. 移动（由move加后缀-ment变成名词）
settlement /ˈset(ə)lmənt/ n. 和解协议（由settle加后缀-ment变成名词）
historical /hɪˈstɒrɪk(ə)l/ adj. 跟历史有关的、发生在过去的（由history加后缀-ical变成形容词）
emotion /ɪˈməʊʃ(ə)n/ n. 情感、情绪
hysterical /hɪˈsterɪk(ə)l/ adj. 歇斯底里的、情绪极其激动的
passionate /ˈpæʃ(ə)nət/ adj. 狂热的、充满激情的
nationalist /ˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)lɪst/ n. 民族主义者
On Moscow's side, resentments date back to crushing defeats handed to Russia in 1904-1905 by the fledgling（初出茅庐的） navy of the rising Japanese empire. That war started with a surprise attack on a Russian naval base, and ended after a battle in which more than 5,000 Russian sailors died.
resentment /rɪˈzentmənt/ n. 怨恨
date back 追溯
crush /krʌʃ/ v. 压碎
defeat /dɪˈfiːt/ n. 失败、战败
hand /hænd/ v. 递给、交给
navy /ˈneɪvi/ n. 海军
empire /ˈempaɪə(r)/ n. 帝国
naval /ˈneɪv(ə)l/ adj. 海军的
base /beɪs/ n. 军事基地
battle /ˈbæt(ə)l/ n. 战役、战斗
sailor /ˈseɪlə(r)/ n. 水兵、海军士兵
Forty years later, Joseph Stalin saw his chance to take revenge. At a conference in February 1945 that brought together Stalin, Franklin Roosevelt, and Churchill at the resort town of Yalta on the Crimean Peninsula, they talked about dividing up spheres of influence in Europe.
Joseph Stalin 约瑟夫•斯大林（二战时的苏联最高领导人）
revenge /rɪˈvendʒ/ n. 报复、报仇
conference /ˈkɒnf(ə)r(ə)ns/ n. 会议
Franklin Roosevelt 富兰克林•罗斯福（二战时的美国总统）
Churchill 指温斯顿•丘吉尔（二战时的英国首相）
resort /rɪˈzɔːt/ n. 度假胜地
peninsula /pəˈnɪnsjulə/ n. 半岛（Crimean Peninsula是克里米亚半岛）
sphere /sfɪə(r)/ n. 领域、范围
influence /ˈɪnfluəns/ n. 影响、影响力（sphere of influence就是势力范围）
Roosevelt also made a secret deal with Stalin about Asia. The Americans wanted the Soviets to enter the fight against the Japanese, and to that end Roosevelt said "he felt there would be no difficulty in regard to the southern half of Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands going to Russia at the end of the war."
deal /diːl/ n. 交易
the Soviets /ˈsəʊviəts/ 苏联人
end /end/ n. 目的
in regard /rɪˈɡɑːd/ to 关于、就…而言
Sakhalin 萨哈林岛（当时该岛南部属于日本）
Kuril Islands 千岛群岛（当时属于日本）
Stalin finally declared war on Japan on Aug. 9, 1945, three days after the Americans dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima（广岛）, and less than a month before Japan's unconditional surrender. The Soviets moved into the territories promised to them by Roosevelt.
declare /dɪˈkleə(r)/ v. 宣告、宣布（declare war就是宣战）
atomic /əˈtɒmɪk/ adj. 原子的（atomic bomb就是原子弹）
territory /ˈterɪt(ə)ri/ n. 领土、领地
Today, Japan's foreign ministry presents the history as a clear case of victimization（受害） at the hands of the Soviets, albeit without mentioning FDR: "Close to the end of the Second World War, the Soviet Union, in violation of the Neutrality Pact that was still in force between Japan and the Soviet Union, opened the war with Japan. The Soviet Union unilaterally（单方面地） claimed the territories, and by the end of 1949 had forcibly（用武力地） deported all Japanese residents of the Four Northern Islands, approximately 17,000 people."
ministry /ˈmɪnɪstri/ n. （中央政府的）部（foreign ministry就是外交部，在日本称为外务省）
present /prɪˈzent/ v. 呈现、表达
at the hands of someone 受某人（迫害、欺负等）
FDR 是美国总统罗斯福的全名Franklin Delano Roosevelt的首字母缩写
union /ˈjuːnjən/ n. 联盟、联邦（the Soviet Union是苏维埃联盟，简称苏联）
violation /ˌvaɪəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 违反、违背
Neutrality /njuːˈtræləti/ Pact /pækt/ 中立条约
in force （法律、条约等）有效的、生效的
claim /kleɪm/ v. 声称某件东西属于自己
deport /dɪˈpɔːt/ v. 驱逐出境
resident /ˈrezɪd(ə)nt/ n. 居民
Four Northern Islands 北方四岛（在千岛群岛最南端，是日苏/日俄争议的领土）
approximately /əˈprɒksɪmətli/ adv. 大约
One of the ironies in the curious question of the Kurils is that, while both President Vladimir Putin and Prime Minister Abe built their political bases by exploiting jingoistic（极端爱国主义的） pride, at a personal and practical level it appears they would like to put the Kuril dispute behind them.
irony /ˈaɪrəni/ n. 讽刺、具有讽刺意味的事
curious /ˈkjʊəriəs/ adj. 稀奇古怪的
Vladimir Putin 弗拉基米尔•普京（俄罗斯总统）
prime /praɪm/ adj. 最重要的、首要的
minister /ˈmɪnɪstə(r)/ n. 部长、大臣（Prime Minister就是首相或总理）
Abe 安倍（指日本首相安倍晋三）
political base 政治基础
exploit /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/ v. 开发利用
pride /praɪd/ n. 骄傲、自豪
practical /ˈpræktɪk(ə)l/ adj. 实际的、实用的（由practice加后缀-al变成形容词）
level /ˈlev(ə)l/ n. 高度、层次
put something behind oneself 把某事抛在脑后、以后再说某事
dispute /dɪˈspjuːt/ n. 争吵、争端（Kuril dispute指两国的领土争端）
Last week the two negotiated for more than three hours in Moscow. After the meeting Putin told reporters that although both sides were interested in making a peace agreement, the talks will have to continue.
negotiate /nɪˈɡəʊʃieɪt/ v. 谈判、协商
peace /piːs/ n. 和平
agreement /əˈɡriːmənt/ n. 协议（由agree加后缀-ment变成名词）
talks /tɔːks/ n. 会谈、磋商
"There will be no peace without at least a partial return of the islands to our country," said an official at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan.
partial /ˈpɑːʃ(ə)l/ adj. 部分的（由part加后缀-ial变成形容词）
return /rɪˈtɜːn/ n. 归还
official /əˈfɪʃ(ə)l/ n. 官员
affair /əˈfeə(r)/ n. 事务（the Ministry of Foreign Affairs是日本外务省的全称）
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