世界
美国政府重蹈覆辙,恐怖组织死灰复燃
2019-01-29
今日导读
叙利亚北部城市曼比季当地时间 1 月 16 日,美军在曼比季市巡逻时,遭到了“伊斯兰国”武装分子的自杀式爆炸袭击。与此同时,美国政府仍坚持声称,他们已经在伊拉克和叙利亚的反恐战争中取得了决定性的胜利。那么这次恐怖袭击对于美国政府来说意味着什么?美国应不应该撤军?我们一起来看今天《纽约时报》的新闻。
带着问题听讲解
Q1: strategy 和 tactic 有什么区别?
Q2: leave for dead 该如何理解?
Q3: 为什么说美国无视了近期历史留下的教训?
新闻正文
Described as defeated, Islamic State punches back with guerrilla tactics
已被击败?“伊斯兰国”采取游击战回击
For three years, terrorists controlled a huge stretch of territory in Iraq and Syria. All but 1 percent of that territory is now gone, which has prompted the White House to describe the Islamic State as “wiped out,” “absolutely obliterated” and “in its final throes.” But to suggest that ISIS was defeated, as President Donald Trump did when he announced plans to pull U.S. troops out of Syria, is to ignore the lessons of recent history.
在过去的三年间,恐怖分子控制了伊拉克和叙利亚的大片领土。鉴于现在恐怖分子已经失去了 99%的领地,白宫使用“已被彻底摧毁”,“完全被消灭”以及“垂死挣扎”这些字眼来描述现在的“伊斯兰国”。但若是像总统唐纳德·特朗普那样声称 ISIS 已经被击败了(他在公开宣布叙利亚撤军计划时,提出了这一观点), 则是在无视近期历史留下的教训。
The attack last week by a suicide bomber outside a shawarma restaurant in Manbij, Syria, which killed at least 15 people including four Americans, is one example of how the group still remains a serious, violent threat.
上周在叙利亚曼比季一家沙瓦玛餐厅外发生了一起自杀式爆炸袭击。这场袭击造成了至少 15 人身亡,其中包括 4 名美国人。这起袭击就是一个例子,证明了该组织仍会造成严重的暴力威胁。
“People make the mistake of thinking that when you lose territory, it’s linear—that they will continue to lose,” said Seth G. Jones, a senior adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.
美国战略与国际研究中心的高级顾问赛斯·G·琼斯说:“人们错误地认为,领土一旦减少,这种趋势就会是线性的,即领土会持续失守。”
“When you lose territory, smart groups shift to guerrilla strategy and tactics, including targeted assassinations, ambushes, raids, bombings,” he added. “That is how you wear the enemy down.”
他还补充说:“当失去领土时,聪明的团队会转向游击战略和战术。这些策略包括有针对性的暗杀、伏击、突袭和轰炸。这就是击溃敌人的方式。”
Trump’s declaration that ISIS has been defeated is the second time the group has been described this way.
特朗普宣称 ISIS 被击溃,这是该组织第二次被这样形容了。
Recent estimates indicate that the Islamic State has more than 20 to 30 times the fighters it had the last time it was left for dead. Although many of its leaders have been killed, the group’s caliph, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, and several of his top deputies, are believed to be alive.
最近的估计表明,相比于上一次美军因“伊斯兰国”溃不成军而撤兵时该组织的规模,其现在的武装分子数量超过之前的 20 到 30 倍。尽管该组织的许多领导人已被杀,但人们认为“伊斯兰国”的首领(或称哈里发)阿布·巴克尔·巴格达迪,和他的几名高级副手还活着。
————— 文章来源 / 纽约时报
重点词汇
punch/pʌntʃ/
v. 用拳猛击,打击
e.g.
搭配短语:a punch in the face
guerrilla/ɡəˈrɪlə/
n. 游击队员
e.g.
tactic/ˈtæktɪk/
n. 战术
e.g.
英文释义:the particular method you use to achieve sth.
stretch of
(陆地或水域)连绵的一片, 连续的一段
e.g.
英文释义:an area of land or water, especially a long one
搭配短语:a stretch of highway
territory/ˈterətɔːri/
n. 领土,领域
all but
几乎;除…之外全部
e.g.
搭配短语:the subject was all but forgotten
wipe out
消灭,彻底摧毁
obliterate/əˈblɪtəreɪt/
v. 毁掉,清除
e.g.
例句:The snow had obliterated their footprints.
throes/θroʊz/
n. (分娩、死亡或巨大变化时的)阵痛;挣扎的痛苦
e.g.
英文释义:violent pains, especially at the moment of death
例句:The country was in the throes of revolutionary change.
pull (sb./sth.) out of
退出,撤出
e.g.
英文释义:to stop being involved in sth.
shawarma/ʃəˈwɑːrmə/
n. 沙威玛
e.g.
linear/ˈlɪniər/
adj. (进展)直线式的,线性的
e.g.
搭配短语:a linear narrative
assassination/əˌsæsɪˈneɪʃn/
n. 暗杀,刺杀
e.g.
派生词:assassinate
词义辨析
assassinate, murder
assassinate 和 murder 略有不同,murder 指“谋杀”,通常是在秘密场所进行,杀害人的身份比较多样;而 assassinate 多指“暗杀”、“刺杀”,往往是在公共场所进行,目标对象多是政治人物或重要的知名人士。
ambush/ˈæmbʊʃ/
n. 埋伏,伏击
e.g.
例句:The soldiers set up an ambush on the road.
raid/reɪd/
n. 突袭
e.g.
搭配短语:an air raid
wear down
消灭...斗志
e.g.
例句:Looking after a high-spirited child can soon wear a person down.
leave for dead
把可能快死去的人或动物撇下不管
e.g.
英文释义:to leave a person or animal that one knows will probably die instead of trying to help
例句:They hit the dog with their car and left it for dead on the side of the road.
caliph/ˈkeɪlɪf/
n. 哈里发(尤指旧时穆斯林国家的统治者)
deputy/ˈdepjuti/
n. 副手,代理人
拓展内容
Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi(阿布·巴克尔·巴格达迪)
阿布·巴克尔·巴格达迪是国际极端恐怖组织“伊斯兰国”的首领,被欧美和中东大部分国家列为头号恐怖分子。其本名为阿瓦徳·易卜拉欣·阿里·巴德里·萨马赖,出生于伊拉克萨迈拉。
巴格达迪自称是先知穆罕默德的后裔,并自封为“伊斯兰国”的“哈里发”。他的兄弟叔伯中有宗教学者、阿拉伯语教授,他自己也是“知识分子”,曾获得伊斯兰大学的法学博士学位。2010 年,巴格达迪开始领导基地组织,两年后,他成为了 ISIS 的头目,被称为本·拉登的真正继承者。
2017 年 7 月 11 日,伊拉克媒体报道,“伊斯兰国”已经承认其最高头目阿布·贝克尔·巴格达迪死亡,并称该组织将在不久之后产生新头目。不过美国国防部表示暂时无法证实其死亡消息是否属实。
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