Elasticsearch基础之：通过Restful API操作

1、上传数据

PUT http://localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/1
请求body的内容：

{
    "first_name" : "John",
    "last_name" :  "Smith",
    "age" :        25,
    "about" :      "I love to go rock climbing",
    "interests": [ "sports", "music" ]
}

注：
^{也可以用以下命令来上传数据，}
POST http://localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/
^{这个时候上传之后的"_ID"就不像上面自定义的为1，而是由elasticsearch自动生成ID。
PUT方式相当于是覆盖数据，可以用来做修改操作}

如果是批量上传数据，可以使用如下命令：
curl -XPOST 127.0.0.1:9200/bank/account/_bulk?pretty --data-binary @accounts.json
其中accounts.json 是一个json数据

2、查询数据

• 2.1、根据id查询
  GET http://localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/1
  查询结果如下：

{"_index":"megacorp","_type":"employee","_id":"1","_version":1,"found":true,"_source":{
    "first_name" : "John",
    "last_name" :  "Smith",
    "age" :        25,
    "about" :      "I love to go rock climbing",
    "interests": [ "sports", "music" ]
}}

• 2.2、批量查询
  GET http://localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/_search
  查询结果如下：

{"took":6,"timed_out":false,"_shards":{"total":5,"successful":5,"failed":0},"hits":{"total":3,"max_score":1.0,"hits":[{"_index":"megacorp","_type":"employee","_id":"2","_score":1.0,"_source":{
    "first_name" :  "Jane",
    "last_name" :   "Smith",
    "age" :         32,
    "about" :       "I like to collect rock albums",
    "interests":  [ "music" ]
}},{"_index":"megacorp","_type":"employee","_id":"1","_score":1.0,"_source":{
    "first_name" : "John",
    "last_name" :  "Smith",
    "age" :        25,
    "about" :      "I love to go rock climbing",
    "interests": [ "sports", "music" ]
}},{"_index":"megacorp","_type":"employee","_id":"3","_score":1.0,"_source":{
    "first_name" :  "Douglas",
    "last_name" :   "Fir",
    "age" :         35,
    "about":        "I like to build cabinets",
    "interests":  [ "forestry" ]
}}]}}

• 2.3、根据字段条件搜索
  查询姓氏中包含“Smith”的员工
  • 简单搜索
    GET http://localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/_search?q=last_name:Smith
  • DSL(Domain Specific Language特定领域语言)搜索
    POST http://localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/_search
    请求body如下：

{
  "query" : {
        "match" : {
            "last_name" : "Smith"
        }
    },
  "_source":["first_name","last_name","age"],
  "from":0,
  "size":2,
  "sort":{"first_name":{"order":"desc"}}
}

其中:
from和size是起到分页的作用，sort是排序作用
_source代表结果只显示这几个字段

---

当然还有更复杂的语法，例如增加filter：

{
    "query" : {
        "filtered" : {
            "filter" : {
                "range" : {
                    "age" : { "gt" : 30 }
                }
            },
            "query" : {
                "match" : {
                    "last_name" : "smith"
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

范围操作符包含：
gt : 大于
gte : 大于等于
lt : 小于
lte : 小于等于

• 2.4、多值搜索
  POST http://localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/_search
  请求body如下：

{
    "query" : {
        "match" : {
            "about" : "rock climbing"
        }
    }
}

以上查询代表查询about字段包含rock或者climbing的数据
如果要查询about字段包含"rock climbing"整个字符串的数据，那要这么查：

{
    "query" : {
        "match_phrase" : {
            "about" : "rock climbing"
        }
    }
}

• 2.5、bool搜索

POST http://localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/_search
请求body如下：

{
  "query" : {
    "bool":{
        "must":[
          {"match" : {"first_name" : "Jane"}},
          {"match" : {"last_name" : "Smith"}}
          ]
    }
  }
}

返回的结果只包含Jane Smith
其中：
1、must是代表必须同时满足，相当于&&
2、如果must改成should，代表有一个满足就可以，相当于||，得到的结果是John Smith和Jane Smith
3、如果must改成must_not，代表两个都不满足，得到的结果是Douglas Fir

• 2.6、聚合搜索
  例如查询每种兴趣下职员的平均年龄
  POST http://localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/_search
  请求body如下：

{
    "aggs" : {
        "all_interests" : {
            "terms" : { "field" : "interests" },
            "aggs" : {
                "avg_age" : {
                    "avg" : { "field" : "age" }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

其中，terms是分组操作，相当于group by。

返回结果：

{
...,
"aggregations": {
        "all_interests": {
            "doc_count_error_upper_bound": 0,
            "sum_other_doc_count": 0,
            "buckets": [
                {
                    "key": "music",
                    "doc_count": 2,
                    "avg_age": {
                        "value": 28.5
                    }
                },
                {
                    "key": "forestry",
                    "doc_count": 1,
                    "avg_age": {
                        "value": 35
                    }
                },
                {
                    "key": "sports",
                    "doc_count": 1,
                    "avg_age": {
                        "value": 25
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    }

}

3、删除数据

DELETE http://localhost:9200/megacorp/employee/123

总结

索引操作的命令如下：

1、获取索引 
curl -XGET ‘[http://localhost:9200/](http://localhost:9200/){index}/{type}/{id}’ 
2、索引数据 
curl -XPOST ‘[http://localhost:9200/](http://localhost:9200/){index}/{type}/{id}’ -d’{“a”:”avalue”,”b”:”bvalue”}’ 
3、删除索引 
curl -XDELETE ‘[http://localhost:9200/](http://localhost:9200/){index}/{type}/{id}’ 
4、设置mapping

curl -XPUT [http://localhost:9200/](http://localhost:9200/){index}/{type}/_mapping -d ‘{ 
“{type}” : { 
“properties” : { 
“date” : { 
“type” : “long” 
}, 
“name” : { 
“type” : “string”, 
“index” : “not_analyzed” 
}, 
“status” : { 
“type” : “integer” 
}, 
“type” : { 
“type” : “integer” 
} 
} 
} 
}’ 
5、获取mapping 
curl -XGET [http://localhost:9200/](http://localhost:9200/){index}/{type}/_mapping 
6、搜索

curl -XGET ‘[http://localhost:9200/](http://localhost:9200/){index}/{type}/_search’ -d ‘{ 
“query” : { 
“term” : { “user” : “kimchy” } //查所有 “match_all”: {} 
}, 
“sort” : [{ “age” : {“order” : “asc”}},{ “name” : “desc” } ], 
“from”:0, 
“size”:100 
} 
curl -XGET ‘[http://localhost:9200/](http://localhost:9200/){index}/{type}/_search’ -d ‘{ 
“filter”: {“and”:{“filters”:[{“term”:{“age”:”123”}},{“term”:{“name”:”张三”}}]}, 
“sort” : [{ “age” : {“order” : “asc”}},{ “name” : “desc” } ], 
“from”:0, 
“size”:100 
}

参考

elasticsearch 通过HTTP RESTful API 操作数据
https://es.xiaoleilu.com/010_Intro/25_Tutorial_Indexing.html
使用curl命令操作elasticsearch And 使用http 查询ES