MySQL50-6-第16-20题
本文中介绍的是第16-20题,涉及到的知识点包含:
-
自连接
-
SQL实现排序
-
多表查询
题目是:
-
检索01课程分数小于60,按分数降序排列的学生信息
-
按平均成绩从高到低(降序)显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩
-
查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分:以如下形式显示:课程ID,课程name,最高分,最低分,平均分,及格率,中等率,优良率,优秀率;及格:>=60,中等为:70-80,优良为:80-90,优秀为:>=90
-
按照各科成绩进行排序,并且显示排名
-
查询学生的总成绩,并进行排名
题目16
题目需求
检索01课程分数小于60,按分数降序排列的学生信息
分析过程
01课程分数:Score——c_id,s_score,s_id
学生信息:Student-------s_id,s_name,s_sex,s_birth
SQL实现
自己的方法如下:
首先从Score表中找出哪些学生是满足这个要求:
select
s_id
,s_score
from Score
where s_score < 60
and c_id = 01;
image
然后直接将上面的结果和Student表查询:
select s.*
from Student s
where s.s_id in (
select
s_id
,s_score
from Score
where s_score < 60
and c_id = 01
);
image
select
s.*
,t.s_score
from Student s
join (select s_id,s_score -- 2、Student和t的连接查询
from Score
where s_score < 60
and c_id = 01 )t -- 1、将第一步结果作为中间表t
on s.s_id=t.s_id;
image
-- 自己的方法2:两个表的直接连接查询+where条件
select
s.*
,sc.s_score
from Student s
join Score sc
on s.s_id=sc.s_id
where sc.c_id=01 and sc.s_score < 60
order by sc.s_score desc; -- 默认就是降序desc
image
题目17
题目需求
按平均成绩从高到低(降序)显示所有学生的所有课程的成绩以及平均成绩
分析过程
1、平均成绩:Score表中按照学号分组查询
2、将上面步骤的结果和Score表在进行连接查询
SQL实现
下面是自己的解法:
1、先求出每个同学的平均分,并降序排列
select
s_id
,round(avg(s_score),2) avg_score
from Score
group by s_id
order by 2 desc;
image
-- 自己的方法
select
s.s_id
,s.c_id
,s.s_score
,t.avg_score
from Score s
join (select
s_id
,round(avg(s_score),2) avg_score
from Score
group by s_id)t
on s.s_id = t.s_id
order by 4 desc; -- 指的是第4个字段
image
-- 参考方法1
select
s.s_id
,(select s_score from Score where s_id=s.s_id and c_id='01')
as 语文
,(select s_score from Score where s_id=s.s_id and c_id='02')
as 数学
,(select s_score from Score where s_id=s.s_id and c_id='03')
as 英语
,round(avg(s_score),2) 平均分
from Score s
group by s.s_id
order by 5 desc;
image
select
s.s_id
,max(case s.c_id when '01' then s.s_score end) 语文
,max(case s.c_id when '02' then s.s_score end) 数学
,max(case s.c_id when '03' then s.s_score end) 英语
,avg(s.s_score)
,b.s_name -- 没有出现在group by子句中,导致报错
join Student b
on s.s_id = b.s_id
group by s.s_id
order by 5 desc;
严格模式的报错:
ERROR 1055 (42000): Expression #6 of SELECT list is not in GROUP BY clause and contains nonaggregated column 'test.b.s_name' which is not functionally dependent on columns in GROUP BY clause; this is incompatible with sql_mode=only_full_group_by
对于GROUP BY聚合操作,如果在SELECT中的列,没有在GROUP BY中出现,那么这个SQL是不合法的,因为列不在GROUP BY从句中,也就是说查出来的列必须在group by后面出现否则就会报错,或者这个字段出现在聚合函数里面。
-- 参考方法2:将上面的b.s_name去掉
select
s.s_id
,max(case s.c_id when '01' then s.s_score end) 语文
,max(case s.c_id when '02' then s.s_score end) 数学
,max(case s.c_id when '03' then s.s_score end) 英语
,round(avg(s.s_score),2) avg_score
from Score s
join Student b
on s.s_id = b.s_id
group by s.s_id
order by 5 desc;
image
题目18
题目需求
查询各科成绩最高分、最低分和平均分:以如下形式显示:课程ID,课程name,最高分,最低分,平均分,及格率,中等率,优良率,优秀率;及格:>=60,中等为:70-80,优良为:80-90,优秀为:>=90
分析过程
成绩表:Score,查询最高分、最低分和平均分
课程表:Course,课程ID,课程name
SQL实现
思路清晰:统计每个阶段的总人数,再除以总共的人数即可
将成绩表和课程表联合起来进行查询:
-
case 语句用于对每个分数贴标签
-
sum 语句对相应的语句中的1进行求和
select
s.c_id
,c.c_name
,max(s.s_score)
,min(s.s_score)
,round(avg(s.s_score), 2)
,round(100 * (sum(case when s.s_score >= 60 then 1 else 0 end) / sum(case when s.s_score then 1 else 0 end)), 2) as 及格率
,round(100 * (sum(case when s.s_score >= 70 and s.s_score <= 80 then 1 else 0 end) / sum(case when s.s_score then 1 else 0 end)), 2) as 中等率
,round(100 * (sum(case when s.s_score >= 80 and s.s_score <= 90 then 1 else 0 end) / sum(case when s.s_score then 1 else 0 end)), 2) as 优良率
,round(100 * (sum(case when s.s_score >= 90 then 1 else 0 end) / sum(case when s.s_score then 1 else 0 end)), 2) as 优秀率
from Score s
left join Course c
on s.c_id = c.c_id
group by s.c_id, c.c_name;
image
题目19
题目需求
按照各科成绩进行排序,并且显示排名
分析过程
题目的意思是:将每科的成绩单独进行排名,类似如下的效果:
课程名 | 分数 | 排名 |
---|---|---|
英语 | 99 | 1 |
英语 | 92 | 2 |
英语 | 89 | 3 |
数学 | 88 | 1 |
数学 | 85 | 2 |
…… | …… | …... |
SQL实现
第一步:我们对Score表中的一门课程进行排名,比如01课程
select * from(
select
t1.c_id -- 课程号
,t1.s_score -- 分数
,(select count(distinct t2.s_score) -- 课程去重
from Score t2
where t2.s_score >= t1.s_score -- SQL实现排序
and t2.c_id = '01') rank
from Score t1 -- 通过相同的表实现自连接
where t1.c_id = '01'
order by t1.s_score desc
)t1
上面是针对01课程,结果为:
image
第二步:我们将01、02、03课程全部连接起来,通过union实现
- 表的自连接
- SQL实现排序
-- 自己的方法
select * from(
select
t1.c_id -- 课程号
,t1.s_score -- 分数
,(select count(distinct t2.s_score) -- 课程去重
from Score t2
where t2.s_score >= t1.s_score -- SQL实现排序
and t2.c_id = '01') rank
from Score t1 -- 通过相同的表实现自连接
where t1.c_id = '01'
order by t1.s_score desc
)t1
union
select * from(
select
t1.c_id -- 课程号
,t1.s_score -- 分数
,(select count(distinct t2.s_score) -- 课程去重
from Score t2
where t2.s_score >= t1.s_score -- SQL实现排序
and t2.c_id = '02') rank
from Score t1 -- 通过相同的表实现自连接
where t1.c_id = '02'
order by t1.s_score desc
)t2
union
select * from(
select
t1.c_id -- 课程号
,t1.s_score -- 分数
,(select count(distinct t2.s_score)
from Score t2
where t2.s_score >= t1.s_score
and t2.c_id = '03') rank
from Score t1
where t1.c_id = '03'
order by t1.s_score desc
)t3;
image
-- 参考代码
select * from (select
t1.c_id,
t1.s_score,
(select count(distinct t2.s_score)
from Score t2
where t2.s_score>=t1.s_score and t2.c_id='01') rank
from Score t1 where t1.c_id='01'
order by t1.s_score desc) t1
union
select * from (select
t1.c_id
,t1.s_score
,(select count(distinct t2.s_score)
from Score t2
where t2.s_score>=t1.s_score and t2.c_id='02') rank
from Score t1 where t1.c_id='02'
order by t1.s_score desc) t2
union
select * from (select
t1.c_id,
t1.s_score,
(select count(distinct t2.s_score) from Score t2 where t2.s_score>=t1.s_score and t2.c_id='03') rank
from Score t1 where t1.c_id='03'
order by t1.s_score desc) t3
题目20
题目需求
查询学生的总成绩,并进行排名
分析过程
- 从Score表中查出每个学生的总成绩
- 连接Student表进行排序查询
- 如何利用SQL实现排序,参考之前的文章
SQL实现
1、先查询每个学生的总成绩
select
s_id
,sum(s_score)
from Score
group by s_id
order by 2 desc;
image
将上面的结果和学生信息表进行关联查询:
--
select
s.s_name
,s.s_id
,t.score
from Student s
join(select
s_id
,sum(s_score) score
from Score
group by s_id
order by 2 desc
)t
on s.s_id = t.s_id;
image
-- 不使用中间表查询
select
s.s_id
,s.s_name
,sum(sc.s_score) score
from Student s
join Score sc
on s.s_id = sc.s_id
group by s.s_id
order by 3 desc;
image
如果想给排名加上一个排序号,参考之前的文章
-- 加上排序号
select
t1.s_id ,t1.s_name, t1.score
,(select count(t2.score)
from(select s.s_id, s.s_name, sum(sc.s_score) score
from Student s
join Score sc
on s.s_id = sc.s_id
group by s.s_id
order by 3 desc)t2 -- t2和t1相同
where t2.score > t1.score) + 1 as rank
from(
select s.s_id ,s.s_name ,sum(sc.s_score) score
from Student s
join Score sc
on s.s_id = sc.s_id
group by s.s_id
order by 3 desc)t1 -- t1
order by 3 desc;
image
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