I、时间处理
1.1 格式化时间
使用SimpleDateFormat
类的format(date)
方法来格式化时间:
package example;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class SimpleDateFormatEmp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Date date = new Date();
String strDateFormat="yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(strDateFormat);
System.out.println(sdf.format(date));
}
}
1.2 获取当前时间
使用Date
类和SimpleDateFormat
类的format(date)
方法来输出当前时间:
package example;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class NowTimeEmp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat();
sdf.applyPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss a"); //a为显式am,pm标记
Date date = new Date();
System.out.println("现在时间: " + sdf.format(date));
}
}
1.3 获取年份、月份等
使用Calender
类来输出年份、月份:
package example;
import java.util.Calendar;
public class CalendarEmp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
int day = cal.get(Calendar.DATE);
int month = cal.get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1;
int year = cal.get(Calendar.YEAR);
int dow = cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK);
int dom = cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
int doy = cal.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR);
System.out.println("当前时间: " + cal.getTime());
System.out.println("日期: " + day);
System.out.println("月份: " + month);
System.out.println("年份: " + year);
System.out.println("一周第几天: " + dow);
System.out.println("一个月中第几天: " + dom);
System.out.println("一年中第几天: " + doy);
}
}
1.4 时间戳转换时间
使用SimpleDateFormat
类的format()
方法将时间戳转化成时间:
package example;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class TimeStampEmp{
public static void main(String[] args){
Long timeStamp = System.currentTimeMillis(); //获取当前时间戳
SimpleDateFormat sdf=new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
String sd = sdf.format(new Date(Long.parseLong(String.valueOf(timeStamp)))); // 时间戳转换成时间
System.out.println("格式化结果:" + sd);
SimpleDateFormat sdf2 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy 年 MM 月 dd 日 HH 时 mm 分 ss 秒");
String sd2 = sdf2.format(new Date(Long.parseLong(String.valueOf(timeStamp))));
System.out.println("格式化结果:" + sd2);
}
}
II、方法
2.1 方法重载
这里与C++中的重载是一个定义,直接看实例:
package example;
public class MethodEmp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyClass t = new MyClass(3);
t.info();
t.info("重载方法");
new MyClass();
}
}
class MyClass {
int height;
MyClass() {
System.out.println("无参数构造函数");
height = 4;
}
MyClass(int i) {
System.out.println("有参数构造函数: 房子的高度为 " + i + "米");
height = i;
}
void info() {
System.out.println("房子的高度为: " + height + "米");
}
void info(String s) {
System.out.println(s + " :房子的高度为" + height + "米");
}
}
2.2 输出数组元素
通过重载,使得pringArray
方法输出不同类型的数组:
package example;
public class printArrayEmp {
public static void printArray(Integer[] inputArray) {
for (Integer element : inputArray) {
System.out.printf("%s" , element);
}
System.out.println();
}
public static void printArray(Double[] inputArray) {
for (Double element : inputArray) {
System.out.printf("%s ", element);
}
System.out.println();
}
public static void printArray(Character[] inputArray) {
for (Character element : inputArray) {
System.out.printf("%s ", element);
}
System.out.println();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Integer[] integerArray = {1,2,3,4,5,6};
Double[] doubleArray = {1.1,2.2,3.3,4.4,5.5,6.6};
Character[] characterArray = {'H','E','L','L','O'};
printArray(integerArray);
printArray(doubleArray);
printArray(characterArray);
}
}
2.3 方法重写
这里与C++中的重写一样,直接看实例:
package example;
public class OverrideEmp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Figure f = new Figure(10, 10);
Rectangle r = new Rectangle(9, 5);
Figure figref;
figref = f;
System.out.println("Area is : " + figref.area());
figref = r;
System.out.println("Area is : " + figref.area());
}
}
class Figure {
double dim1;
double dim2;
Figure(double a, double b) {
dim1 = a;
dim2 = b;
}
Double area() {
System.out.println("Inside area for figure.");
return dim1*dim2;
}
}
class Rectangle extends Figure {
Rectangle(double a, double b) {
super(a, b); //调用super class的构造函数
}
Double area() {
System.out.println("Inside area for rectangle.");
return dim1*dim2;
}
}
2.4 instanceof 关键字用法
instanceof
是java的一个二元操作符,类似于==
,>
等。
instanceof
是java的保留关键字。它的作用是测试它左边的对象是否是右边类的实例,返回boolean的数据类型。
package example;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Vector;
public class InstanceofEmp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Object testObject = new ArrayList();
displayObjectClass(testObject);
}
public static void displayObjectClass(Object o) {
if (o instanceof Vector) {
System.out.println("对象是Vector的实例");
}
else if (o instanceof ArrayList) {
System.out.println("对象是ArrayList的实例");
}
else {
System.out.println("对象是" + o.getClass() + "的实例");
}
}
}
2.5 标签
Java中的标签是为循环设计的,是为了在多重循环中方便的使用break和continue。
可以使用标签调到指定位置:
package example;
public class LabelEmp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String strSearch = "This is the string in which you have to search for a substring.";
String substring = "substring";
boolean found = false;
int max = strSearch.length() - substring.length();
testlb1:
for (int i = 0; i <= max; ++i) {
int length = substring.length();
int j = i;
int k = 0;
while (length-- != 0) {
if (strSearch.charAt(j++) != substring.charAt(k++)) {
continue testlb1; //标签的作用
}
}
found = true;
break testlb1; //与break作用一致
}
if (found)
System.out.println("Found!");
else System.out.println("Not Found!");
}
}
2.6 enum与switch
java创建枚举类型要使用enum
关键字,隐含了所创建的类型都是java.lang.Enum
类的子类。
package example;
enum Car {
tata, audi, fiat
}
public class EnumSwitchEmp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Car c = Car.tata;
switch(c) {
case tata:
System.out.println("is tata");
break;
case audi:
System.out.println("is audi");
break;
case fiat:
System.out.println("is fiat");
break;
default:
System.out.println("I dont know");
break;
}
}
}
2.7 Varargs可变参数使用
定义实参个数可变的方法:只要在一个形参的类型与参数名之间加上三个连续的.
就可以了:
package example;
public class VarargsEmp {
static int sumvarargs(int... intArrays) {
int sum= 0;
for (int i = 0; i < intArrays.length; ++i) {
sum += intArrays[i];
}
return sum;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int sum = 0;
sum = sumvarargs(new int[]{1,2,3,4,5});
System.out.println(sum);
}
}
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