python 基础

[彻底理解pyhton生成器](https://www.cnblogs.com/liangmingshen/p/9706181.html)

【CGI编程】

[如何在Mac上搭建Web服务器(Apache)](https://www.jianshu.com/p/9c97abbd301c)

[[Python]MAC Python CGI编程](https://www.jianshu.com/p/50a17d6de61f)

【Apache 支持CGI 的配置文件】

Mac OS 上对于  /private/etc/apache2/httpd.conf  的 httpd.conf 这个文件的学习笔记

'''

#

# This is the main Apache HTTP server configuration file.  It contains the

# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.

# See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/> for detailed information.

# In particular, see

# <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/directives.html>

# for a discussion of each configuration directive.

#

# Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding

# what they do.  They're here only as hints or reminders.  If you are unsure

# consult the online docs. You have been warned. 

#

# Configuration and logfile names: If the filenames you specify for many

# of the server's control files begin with "/" (or "drive:/" for Win32), the

# server will use that explicit path.  If the filenames do *not* begin

# with "/", the value of ServerRoot is prepended -- so "logs/access_log"

# with ServerRoot set to "/usr/local/apache2" will be interpreted by the

# server as "/usr/local/apache2/logs/access_log", whereas "/logs/access_log"

# will be interpreted as '/logs/access_log'.

#

# ServerRoot: The top of the directory tree under which the server's

# configuration, error, and log files are kept.

#

# Do not add a slash at the end of the directory path.  If you point

# ServerRoot at a non-local disk, be sure to specify a local disk on the

# Mutex directive, if file-based mutexes are used.  If you wish to share the

# same ServerRoot for multiple httpd daemons, you will need to change at

# least PidFile.

#

ServerRoot "/usr"

#

# Mutex: Allows you to set the mutex mechanism and mutex file directory

# for individual mutexes, or change the global defaults

#

# Uncomment and change the directory if mutexes are file-based and the default

# mutex file directory is not on a local disk or is not appropriate for some

# other reason.

#

# Mutex default:/private/var/run

#

# Listen: Allows you to bind Apache to specific IP addresses and/or

# ports, instead of the default. See also the <VirtualHost>

# directive.

#

# Change this to Listen on specific IP addresses as shown below to

# prevent Apache from glomming onto all bound IP addresses.

#

#Listen 12.34.56.78:80

<IfDefine SERVER_APP_HAS_DEFAULT_PORTS>

    Listen 8080

</IfDefine>

<IfDefine !SERVER_APP_HAS_DEFAULT_PORTS>

    Listen 80

</IfDefine>

#

# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support

#

# To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you

# have to place corresponding `LoadModule' lines at this location so the

# directives contained in it are actually available _before_ they are used.

# Statically compiled modules (those listed by `httpd -l') do not need

# to be loaded here.

#

# Example:

# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so

#

#LoadModule mpm_event_module libexec/apache2/mod_mpm_event.so

LoadModule mpm_prefork_module libexec/apache2/mod_mpm_prefork.so

#LoadModule mpm_worker_module libexec/apache2/mod_mpm_worker.so

LoadModule authn_file_module libexec/apache2/mod_authn_file.so

#LoadModule authn_dbm_module libexec/apache2/mod_authn_dbm.so

#LoadModule authn_anon_module libexec/apache2/mod_authn_anon.so

#LoadModule authn_dbd_module libexec/apache2/mod_authn_dbd.so

#LoadModule authn_socache_module libexec/apache2/mod_authn_socache.so

LoadModule authn_core_module libexec/apache2/mod_authn_core.so

LoadModule authz_host_module libexec/apache2/mod_authz_host.so

LoadModule authz_groupfile_module libexec/apache2/mod_authz_groupfile.so

LoadModule authz_user_module libexec/apache2/mod_authz_user.so

#LoadModule authz_dbm_module libexec/apache2/mod_authz_dbm.so

#LoadModule authz_owner_module libexec/apache2/mod_authz_owner.so

#LoadModule authz_dbd_module libexec/apache2/mod_authz_dbd.so

LoadModule authz_core_module libexec/apache2/mod_authz_core.so

#LoadModule authnz_ldap_module libexec/apache2/mod_authnz_ldap.so

LoadModule access_compat_module libexec/apache2/mod_access_compat.so

LoadModule auth_basic_module libexec/apache2/mod_auth_basic.so

#LoadModule auth_form_module libexec/apache2/mod_auth_form.so

#LoadModule auth_digest_module libexec/apache2/mod_auth_digest.so

#LoadModule allowmethods_module libexec/apache2/mod_allowmethods.so

#LoadModule file_cache_module libexec/apache2/mod_file_cache.so

#LoadModule cache_module libexec/apache2/mod_cache.so

#LoadModule cache_disk_module libexec/apache2/mod_cache_disk.so

#LoadModule cache_socache_module libexec/apache2/mod_cache_socache.so

#LoadModule socache_shmcb_module libexec/apache2/mod_socache_shmcb.so

#LoadModule socache_dbm_module libexec/apache2/mod_socache_dbm.so

#LoadModule socache_memcache_module libexec/apache2/mod_socache_memcache.so

#LoadModule socache_redis_module libexec/apache2/mod_socache_redis.so

#LoadModule watchdog_module libexec/apache2/mod_watchdog.so

#LoadModule macro_module libexec/apache2/mod_macro.so

#LoadModule dbd_module libexec/apache2/mod_dbd.so

#LoadModule dumpio_module libexec/apache2/mod_dumpio.so

#LoadModule echo_module libexec/apache2/mod_echo.so

#LoadModule buffer_module libexec/apache2/mod_buffer.so

#LoadModule data_module libexec/apache2/mod_data.so

#LoadModule ratelimit_module libexec/apache2/mod_ratelimit.so

LoadModule reqtimeout_module libexec/apache2/mod_reqtimeout.so

#LoadModule ext_filter_module libexec/apache2/mod_ext_filter.so

#LoadModule request_module libexec/apache2/mod_request.so

#LoadModule include_module libexec/apache2/mod_include.so

LoadModule filter_module libexec/apache2/mod_filter.so

#LoadModule reflector_module libexec/apache2/mod_reflector.so

#LoadModule substitute_module libexec/apache2/mod_substitute.so

#LoadModule sed_module libexec/apache2/mod_sed.so

#LoadModule charset_lite_module libexec/apache2/mod_charset_lite.so

#LoadModule deflate_module libexec/apache2/mod_deflate.so

#LoadModule xml2enc_module libexec/apache2/mod_xml2enc.so

#LoadModule proxy_html_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_html.so

LoadModule mime_module libexec/apache2/mod_mime.so

#LoadModule ldap_module libexec/apache2/mod_ldap.so

LoadModule log_config_module libexec/apache2/mod_log_config.so

#LoadModule log_debug_module libexec/apache2/mod_log_debug.so

#LoadModule log_forensic_module libexec/apache2/mod_log_forensic.so

#LoadModule logio_module libexec/apache2/mod_logio.so

LoadModule env_module libexec/apache2/mod_env.so

#LoadModule mime_magic_module libexec/apache2/mod_mime_magic.so

#LoadModule expires_module libexec/apache2/mod_expires.so

LoadModule headers_module libexec/apache2/mod_headers.so

#LoadModule usertrack_module libexec/apache2/mod_usertrack.so

##LoadModule unique_id_module libexec/apache2/mod_unique_id.so

LoadModule setenvif_module libexec/apache2/mod_setenvif.so

LoadModule version_module libexec/apache2/mod_version.so

#LoadModule remoteip_module libexec/apache2/mod_remoteip.so

#LoadModule proxy_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy.so

#LoadModule proxy_connect_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_connect.so

#LoadModule proxy_ftp_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_ftp.so

#LoadModule proxy_http_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_http.so

#LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_fcgi.so

#LoadModule proxy_scgi_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_scgi.so

#LoadModule proxy_uwsgi_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_uwsgi.so

#LoadModule proxy_fdpass_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_fdpass.so

#LoadModule proxy_wstunnel_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_wstunnel.so

#LoadModule proxy_ajp_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_ajp.so

#LoadModule proxy_balancer_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_balancer.so

#LoadModule proxy_express_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_express.so

#LoadModule proxy_hcheck_module libexec/apache2/mod_proxy_hcheck.so

#LoadModule session_module libexec/apache2/mod_session.so

#LoadModule session_cookie_module libexec/apache2/mod_session_cookie.so

#LoadModule session_dbd_module libexec/apache2/mod_session_dbd.so

LoadModule slotmem_shm_module libexec/apache2/mod_slotmem_shm.so

#LoadModule slotmem_plain_module libexec/apache2/mod_slotmem_plain.so

#LoadModule ssl_module libexec/apache2/mod_ssl.so

#LoadModule dialup_module libexec/apache2/mod_dialup.so

#LoadModule http2_module libexec/apache2/mod_http2.so

#LoadModule lbmethod_byrequests_module libexec/apache2/mod_lbmethod_byrequests.so

#LoadModule lbmethod_bytraffic_module libexec/apache2/mod_lbmethod_bytraffic.so

#LoadModule lbmethod_bybusyness_module libexec/apache2/mod_lbmethod_bybusyness.so

##LoadModule lbmethod_heartbeat_module libexec/apache2/mod_lbmethod_heartbeat.so

LoadModule unixd_module libexec/apache2/mod_unixd.so

#LoadModule heartbeat_module libexec/apache2/mod_heartbeat.so

#LoadModule heartmonitor_module libexec/apache2/mod_heartmonitor.so

#LoadModule dav_module libexec/apache2/mod_dav.so

LoadModule status_module libexec/apache2/mod_status.so

LoadModule autoindex_module libexec/apache2/mod_autoindex.so

#LoadModule asis_module libexec/apache2/mod_asis.so

#LoadModule info_module libexec/apache2/mod_info.so

<IfModule !mpm_prefork_module>

    #LoadModule cgid_module libexec/apache2/mod_cgid.so

</IfModule>

<IfModule mpm_prefork_module>

    #LoadModule cgi_module libexec/apache2/mod_cgi.so

</IfModule>

#LoadModule dav_fs_module libexec/apache2/mod_dav_fs.so

#LoadModule dav_lock_module libexec/apache2/mod_dav_lock.so

#LoadModule vhost_alias_module libexec/apache2/mod_vhost_alias.so

LoadModule negotiation_module libexec/apache2/mod_negotiation.so

LoadModule dir_module libexec/apache2/mod_dir.so

#LoadModule imagemap_module libexec/apache2/mod_imagemap.so

#LoadModule actions_module libexec/apache2/mod_actions.so

#LoadModule speling_module libexec/apache2/mod_speling.so

#LoadModule userdir_module libexec/apache2/mod_userdir.so

LoadModule alias_module libexec/apache2/mod_alias.so

#LoadModule rewrite_module libexec/apache2/mod_rewrite.so

#LoadModule php7_module libexec/apache2/libphp7.so

#LoadModule perl_module libexec/apache2/mod_perl.so

LoadModule hfs_apple_module libexec/apache2/mod_hfs_apple.so

<IfModule unixd_module>

#

# If you wish httpd to run as a different user or group, you must run

# httpd as root initially and it will switch. 

#

# User/Group: The name (or #number) of the user/group to run httpd as.

# It is usually good practice to create a dedicated user and group for

# running httpd, as with most system services.

#

User _www

Group _www

</IfModule>

# 'Main' server configuration

#

# The directives in this section set up the values used by the 'main'

# server, which responds to any requests that aren't handled by a

# <VirtualHost> definition.  These values also provide defaults for

# any <VirtualHost> containers you may define later in the file.

#

# All of these directives may appear inside <VirtualHost> containers,

# in which case these default settings will be overridden for the

# virtual host being defined.

#

#

# ServerAdmin: Your address, where problems with the server should be

# e-mailed.  This address appears on some server-generated pages, such

# as error documents.  e.g. admin@your-domain.com

#

ServerAdmin you@example.com

#

# ServerName gives the name and port that the server uses to identify itself.

# This can often be determined automatically, but we recommend you specify

# it explicitly to prevent problems during startup.

#

# If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here.

#

#ServerName www.example.com:80

#

# Deny access to the entirety of your server's filesystem. You must

# explicitly permit access to web content directories in other

# <Directory> blocks below.

#

<Directory />

    AllowOverride none

    Require all denied

</Directory>

#

# Note that from this point forward you must specifically allow

# particular features to be enabled - so if something's not working as

# you might expect, make sure that you have specifically enabled it

# below.

#

#

# DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your

# documents. By default, all requests are taken from this directory, but

# symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations.

#

DocumentRoot "/Library/WebServer/Documents"

<Directory "/Library/WebServer/Documents">

    #

    # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",

    # or any combination of:

    #  Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch ExecCGI MultiViews

    #

    # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* --- "Options All"

    # doesn't give it to you.

    #

    # The Options directive is both complicated and important.  Please see

    # http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#options

    # for more information.

    #

    Options FollowSymLinks Multiviews

    MultiviewsMatch Any

    #

    # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in .htaccess files.

    # It can be "All", "None", or any combination of the keywords:

    #  AllowOverride FileInfo AuthConfig Limit

    #

    AllowOverride None

    #

    # Controls who can get stuff from this server.

    #

    Require all granted

</Directory>

#

# DirectoryIndex: sets the file that Apache will serve if a directory

# is requested.

#

<IfModule dir_module>

    DirectoryIndex index.html

</IfModule>

#

# The following lines prevent .htaccess and .htpasswd files from being

# viewed by Web clients.

#

<FilesMatch "^\.([Hh][Tt]|[Dd][Ss]_[Ss])">

    Require all denied

</FilesMatch>

#

# Apple specific filesystem protection.

#

<Files "rsrc">

    Require all denied

</Files>

<DirectoryMatch ".*\.\.namedfork">

    Require all denied

</DirectoryMatch>

#

# ErrorLog: The location of the error log file.

# If you do not specify an ErrorLog directive within a <VirtualHost>

# container, error messages relating to that virtual host will be

# logged here.  If you *do* define an error logfile for a <VirtualHost>

# container, that host's errors will be logged there and not here.

#

ErrorLog "/private/var/log/apache2/error_log"

#

# LogLevel: Control the number of messages logged to the error_log.

# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,

# alert, emerg.

#

LogLevel warn

<IfModule log_config_module>

    #

    # The following directives define some format nicknames for use with

    # a CustomLog directive (see below).

    #

    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined

    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common

    <IfModule logio_module>

      # You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O

      LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio

    </IfModule>

    #

    # The location and format of the access logfile (Common Logfile Format).

    # If you do not define any access logfiles within a <VirtualHost>

    # container, they will be logged here.  Contrariwise, if you *do*

    # define per-<VirtualHost> access logfiles, transactions will be

    # logged therein and *not* in this file.

    #

    CustomLog "/private/var/log/apache2/access_log" common

    #

    # If you prefer a logfile with access, agent, and referer information

    # (Combined Logfile Format) you can use the following directive.

    #

    #CustomLog "/private/var/log/apache2/access_log" combined

</IfModule>

<IfModule alias_module>

    #

    # Redirect: Allows you to tell clients about documents that used to

    # exist in your server's namespace, but do not anymore. The client

    # will make a new request for the document at its new location.

    # Example:

    # Redirect permanent /foo http://www.example.com/bar

    #

    # Alias: Maps web paths into filesystem paths and is used to

    # access content that does not live under the DocumentRoot.

    # Example:

    # Alias /webpath /full/filesystem/path

    #

    # If you include a trailing / on /webpath then the server will

    # require it to be present in the URL.  You will also likely

    # need to provide a <Directory> section to allow access to

    # the filesystem path.

    #

    # ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server scripts.

    # ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases, except that

    # documents in the target directory are treated as applications and

    # run by the server when requested rather than as documents sent to the

    # client.  The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias

    # directives as to Alias.

    #

    ScriptAliasMatch ^/cgi-bin/((?!(?i:webobjects)).*$) "/Library/WebServer/CGI-Executables/$1"

</IfModule>

<IfModule cgid_module>

    #

    # ScriptSock: On threaded servers, designate the path to the UNIX

    # socket used to communicate with the CGI daemon of mod_cgid.

    #

    #Scriptsock cgisock

</IfModule>

#

# "/Library/WebServer/CGI-Executables" should be changed to whatever your ScriptAliased

# CGI directory exists, if you have that configured.

#

<Directory "/Library/WebServer/CGI-Executables">

    AllowOverride None

    Options None

    Require all granted

</Directory>

<IfModule headers_module>

    #

    # Avoid passing HTTP_PROXY environment to CGI's on this or any proxied

    # backend servers which have lingering "httpoxy" defects.

    # 'Proxy' request header is undefined by the IETF, not listed by IANA

    #

    RequestHeader unset Proxy early

</IfModule>

<IfModule mime_module>

    #

    # TypesConfig points to the file containing the list of mappings from

    # filename extension to MIME-type.

    #

    TypesConfig /private/etc/apache2/mime.types

    #

    # AddType allows you to add to or override the MIME configuration

    # file specified in TypesConfig for specific file types.

    #

    #AddType application/x-gzip .tgz

    #

    # AddEncoding allows you to have certain browsers uncompress

    # information on the fly. Note: Not all browsers support this.

    #

    #AddEncoding x-compress .Z

    #AddEncoding x-gzip .gz .tgz

    #

    # If the AddEncoding directives above are commented-out, then you

    # probably should define those extensions to indicate media types:

    #

    AddType application/x-compress .Z

    AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz

    #

    # AddHandler allows you to map certain file extensions to "handlers":

    # actions unrelated to filetype. These can be either built into the server

    # or added with the Action directive (see below)

    #

    # To use CGI scripts outside of ScriptAliased directories:

    # (You will also need to add "ExecCGI" to the "Options" directive.)

    #

    #AddHandler cgi-script .cgi

    # For type maps (negotiated resources):

    #AddHandler type-map var

    #

    # Filters allow you to process content before it is sent to the client.

    #

    # To parse .shtml files for server-side includes (SSI):

    # (You will also need to add "Includes" to the "Options" directive.)

    #

    #AddType text/html .shtml

    #AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml

</IfModule>

#

# The mod_mime_magic module allows the server to use various hints from the

# contents of the file itself to determine its type.  The MIMEMagicFile

# directive tells the module where the hint definitions are located.

#

#MIMEMagicFile /private/etc/apache2/magic

#

# Customizable error responses come in three flavors:

# 1) plain text 2) local redirects 3) external redirects

#

# Some examples:

#ErrorDocument 500 "The server made a boo boo."

#ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html

#ErrorDocument 404 "/cgi-bin/missing_handler.pl"

#ErrorDocument 402 http://www.example.com/subscription_info.html

#

#

# MaxRanges: Maximum number of Ranges in a request before

# returning the entire resource, or one of the special

# values 'default', 'none' or 'unlimited'.

# Default setting is to accept 200 Ranges.

#MaxRanges unlimited

#

# EnableMMAP and EnableSendfile: On systems that support it,

# memory-mapping or the sendfile syscall may be used to deliver

# files.  This usually improves server performance, but must

# be turned off when serving from networked-mounted

# filesystems or if support for these functions is otherwise

# broken on your system.

# Defaults: EnableMMAP On, EnableSendfile Off

#

#EnableMMAP off

#EnableSendfile on

TraceEnable off

# Supplemental configuration

#

# The configuration files in the /private/etc/apache2/extra/ directory can be

# included to add extra features or to modify the default configuration of

# the server, or you may simply copy their contents here and change as

# necessary.

# Server-pool management (MPM specific)

Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-mpm.conf

# Multi-language error messages

#Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-multilang-errordoc.conf

# Fancy directory listings

Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-autoindex.conf

# Language settings

#Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-languages.conf

# User home directories

#Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-userdir.conf

# Real-time info on requests and configuration

#Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-info.conf

# Virtual hosts

#Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf

# Local access to the Apache HTTP Server Manual

#Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-manual.conf

# Distributed authoring and versioning (WebDAV)

#Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-dav.conf

# Various default settings

#Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-default.conf

# Configure mod_proxy_html to understand HTML4/XHTML1

<IfModule proxy_html_module>

Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/proxy-html.conf

</IfModule>

# Secure (SSL/TLS) connections

#Include /private/etc/apache2/extra/httpd-ssl.conf

#

# Note: The following must must be present to support

#      starting without SSL on platforms with no /dev/random equivalent

#      but a statically compiled-in mod_ssl.

#

<IfModule ssl_module>

SSLRandomSeed startup builtin

SSLRandomSeed connect builtin

</IfModule>

Include /private/etc/apache2/other/*.conf

'''