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欢喜认画|扬 · 凡 · 艾克《阿尔诺芬妮夫妇像》

欢喜认画|扬 · 凡 · 艾克《阿尔诺芬妮夫妇像》

作者: 游世欢喜LatteSunset | 来源:发表于2022-09-18 09:22 被阅读0次

    扬·凡·艾克( Jan Van Eyck,1385-1441),文艺复兴时期尼德兰画派最伟大的画家之一和始创者,十五世纪北欧后哥德式绘画的创始人,对油画技艺研究纵深, 画作艺术手法严密、细腻,对空间、光线以及细节、质感具有高超的掌控, 并在明暗、透视等技巧上进行大胆改进,打破了尼德兰艺术以往的平面、僵硬、缺少空间感与明暗效果的绘画风格。

    作品中表现出对现实的关注,写实的精细与人文的表现奠定了文艺复兴油画的基调。

    在肖像画、风俗画以及风景画方面都有建树,是近代肖像画的开拓者。

    早期北方文艺复兴期间油画材料和技法的革新者,对油画的形成与促进起了关键作用,被后世誉为“油画之父”。

    ——欢喜编写

    扬 · 凡 · 艾克《阿尔诺芬妮夫妇像》,c.1434年,83.7 x 57 cm,油画。是风俗画的开山之作,也是油画材料和绘画方法革新后的代表性作品。现收藏于英国伦敦国家画廊。

    扬·凡·艾克《阿尔诺芬尼夫妇像》

    作品名:《阿尔诺芬尼夫妇像》

    原名:阿尔诺芬妮婚礼

    艺术家:扬·凡·艾克

    年代:c.1434

    风格:北欧文艺复兴

    类型:肖像

    介质:油画,面板

    标签:家庭肖像,团体肖像,双人像,Giovanna Cenami,Giovanni Arnolfini

    尺寸:83.7 x 57 cm

    收藏:国家画廊,伦敦,英国

    Title:The Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini an

    Original Title:The Arnolfini Wedding.

    artist:Jan van Eyck

    Date:c.1434

    Style:Northern Renaissance

    Genre:portrait

    Media:oil,panel

    Tag:family-portraits,group-portraits,double-portraits,Giovanna-Cenami,Giovanni-Arnolfini

    Dimensions:83.7 x 57 cm

    Location:National Gallery, London, UK

    这是扬 · 凡 · 艾克的著名绘画作品,也是欧洲肖像画中最重要的作品之一。这幅绘制于木板上的双人像油画,描绘主人公阿尔诺芬尼和他的新婚妻子举行婚礼宣誓的场景。

    阿尔诺芬尼是一位在布鲁日定居的富有的意大利银行家。画中身穿考究皮氅的他,与身着华丽绿披肩裙拖地的新娘并肩站立于新房中,男主优雅地托起新娘的右手,女主则拘谨腼腆微微低头。但一看就是包办婚姻,两人没有熟络的直视。

    Despite the restricted space, the painter has contrived to surround them with a host of symbols. To the left, the oranges placed on the low table and the windowsill are a reminder of an original innocence, of an age before sin. Unless, that is, they are not in fact oranges but apples (it is difficult to be certain), in which case they would represent the temptation of knowledge and the Fall. Above the couple's heads, the candle that has been left burning in broad daylight on one of the branches of an ornate copper chandelier can be interpreted as the nuptial flame, or as the eye of God. The small dog in the foreground is an emblem of fidelity and love. Meanwhile, the marriage bed with its bright red curtains evokes the physical act of love which, according to Christian doctrine, is an essential part of the perfect union of man and wife.

    这是在15世纪前期的画作,没有照相机、没有手机,没有任何记录工具,画家却以极其精细的观察力和细腻的绘画手法令画面极为现实逼真。人物形象生动,内在感情的形象化表达和肖像的情节性处理手法高超。

    这幅画首先冲击我的是浓艳适宜的色彩以及生活环境的精细描绘。而那些无可挑剔的细节处理,小镜框的四周还镶刻着十幅耶稣受难图。长毛小狗、豪华的吊灯、凸镜左侧挂着的挂珠,鞋子、窗帘、水果、衣服的褶皱和花边、貂毛的质地、地毯的花样,一一描绘得细腻入微,于细微处见功力。

    镜子是整个构图的焦点。装饰性的凸镜,让观者看到了画界之外的世界。同时镜子的使用,因为与人物所处的的不同层面,也为房间在空间局限基础上实践了运用透视的空间扩增。

    The cubic space in which the Arnolfinis stand is itself a prefiguration of the techniques of perspective which were still to come. Van Eyck practised perspective on a purely heuristic basis, unaware of the laws by which it was governed. In this picture, he uses the mirror precisely in order to explode the limits of the space to which his technique gives him access as soon as it threatens to limit him.

    其次,画家对光影的处理非常传神与到位,左侧窗户透射进来的光线,在人、物的周边形成了背影,明暗有度、强弱适中。在色彩的厚度、饱和度、浓淡度等方面都表现出了成熟的工匠水平,达到了舒服的视觉效果。

    整体上说,这幅画在光线、空间、质感的塑造上,色彩的饱和度、鲜艳度的把握上以及刻画事物的精确度、深入程度上都超越了同时代的画家,虽还没有完全剥离中古画风,形象不够生动,人物比列也不是准确、缺少健硕体态。但已是后来发展起来的风俗画和室内画最早的先例,能够着力描绘现实生活,在某种意义上为当时的富裕生活方式和婚姻道德观念歌功颂德。

    Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife (detail) Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife (detail) 装饰性拉丁铭文写着:1434年,扬 · 凡 · 艾克在此。 Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife (detail) Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife (detail) Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife (detail) Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife (detail) Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini and his Wife (detail) National Gallery, London, UK

    2022/09/17

    原创编写,版权所有,严谨私自转载。

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