Ioc容器启动过程就是建立上下文的过程。Spring MVC提供了两种启动上下文的方式,一种是通过ContextLoaderListener启动的上下文,称为根上下文,每个Web应用只有一个这种上下文,是与ServletContext相伴而生的。另一个是与Web MVC相关的上下文用来保存、管理控制器DispatcherServlet需要的MVC对象,作为根上下文的子上下文,这个上下文与DispatcherServlet启动相对应产生,因此一个Web应用可以有对个这样的上下文。这样根上下文和子上下文构成了一个层次上下文关系。
1、根应用上下文的启动
但我们在web.xml配置了ContextLoaderListener后,如下:
<listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener>
这个ContextLoaderListener是Spring提供,它实现了ServletContextListener接口,这个接口在Servlet API中定义,用于监听WEB应用ServletContext的启动及其销毁。
1)ContextLoaderListener类实现继承体系
具体的启动过程是交由ContxtLoader类来完成,在ContextLoader类中,完成两个主要的任务,一个是在web容器中建立根应用上下文Ioc容器,另一个是配置并初始化这个根WebApplicationContext。
2)根WebApplicationContext启动流程
在web应用启动时,web容器将创建ServletContext,ServletContextListener是ServletContext的监听者,将监听相关事件。因此web应用启动,ServletContextListener将执行contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event)方法:
/** * Initialize the root web application context. */ @Override public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) { initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext()); }
可以看到,contextInitialized方法中将执行委派给其基类ContextLoader,执行initWebApplicationContext()方法完成根上下文的创建,这个根上下文是web容器中唯一的实例,创建完成后会保存在web容器的ServletContext中,供需要时使用,索引是ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE = WebApplicationContext.class.getName() + ".ROOT"。
public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) { //判断servletContext是否已有根上下文 if (servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) { throw new IllegalStateException( "Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - " + "check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!"); } Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class); servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext"); if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) { logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started"); } long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); try { // Store context in local instance variable, to guarantee that // it is available on ServletContext shutdown. if (this.context == null) { //这里创建根web上下文 this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext); } if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) { ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context; if (!cwac.isActive()) { // The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as // setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc if (cwac.getParent() == null) { // The context instance was injected without an explicit parent -> // determine parent for root web application context, if any. ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext); cwac.setParent(parent); } //这里开始配置、初始化上下文 configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext); } } // 将创建的上下文放入servletContext中 servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context); ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(); if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) { currentContext = this.context; } else if (ccl != null) { currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context); } if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) { logger.debug("Published root WebApplicationContext as ServletContext attribute with name [" + WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE + "]"); } if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) { long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime; logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in " + elapsedTime + " ms"); } return this.context; } catch (RuntimeException ex) { logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex); servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, ex); throw ex; } catch (Error err) { logger.error("Context initialization failed", err); servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, err); throw err; } }
创建根web上下文如下:
protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sc) { //这里判断确定,web上下文class,默认是org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext Class<?> contextClass = determineContextClass(sc); if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) { throw new ApplicationContextException("Custom context class [" + contextClass.getName() + "] is not of type [" + ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.getName() + "]"); } //通过BeanUtils工具反射创建WebApplicationContext对象,并返回 return (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass); } 创建完成后,调用configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext()方法,完成配置,以及初始化: protected void configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac, ServletContext sc) { if (ObjectUtils.identityToString(wac).equals(wac.getId())) { // The application context id is still set to its original default value // -> assign a more useful id based on available information String idParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_ID_PARAM); if (idParam != null) { wac.setId(idParam); } else { // Generate default id... wac.setId(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX + ObjectUtils.getDisplayString(sc.getContextPath())); } } wac.setServletContext(sc); String configLocationParam = sc.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM); if (configLocationParam != null) { wac.setConfigLocation(configLocationParam); } // The wac environment's #initPropertySources will be called in any case when the context // is refreshed; do it eagerly here to ensure servlet property sources are in place for // use in any post-processing or initialization that occurs below prior to #refresh ConfigurableEnvironment env = wac.getEnvironment(); if (env instanceof ConfigurableWebEnvironment) { ((ConfigurableWebEnvironment) env).initPropertySources(sc, null); } customizeContext(sc, wac); wac.refresh(); }
可以看到对上下文进行了相关配置,设置ServletContext,设置初始化参数等,最后通过调用容器的refresh()方法启动整个容器,就像一般的IoC容器初始化过程一样。
2、根WebApplicationContext销毁流程
在web应用销毁时,ServletContextListener将执行contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event)方法:
@Override public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent event) { closeWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext()); ContextCleanupListener.cleanupAttributes(event.getServletContext()); }
该方法同样委派其基类ContextLoader来执行销毁操作,调用closeWebApplicationContext()方法:
- public void closeWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
- servletContext.log("Closing Spring root WebApplicationContext");
- try {
- if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
- //调用容器的close()方法,关闭容器,并释放资源
- ((ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context).close();
- }
- }
- finally {
- ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
- if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {
- currentContext = null;
- }
- else if (ccl != null) {
- currentContextPerThread.remove(ccl);
- }
- //移除servletContext保存的ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE索引的根上下文
- servletContext.removeAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE);
- if (this.parentContextRef != null) {
- this.parentContextRef.release();
- }
- }
- }
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