1.消费方式和消费者组
1.消费方式: 拉取和推送两种(事实上所有从远程获取数据都是这两种方式).
2.消费者组与消费模式
多个消费者组成一个消费组, 两种模式: 集群(消息被其中任何一个消息者消费), 广播模式(全部消费者消费).
2.Consumer消费消息的基本流程
RocketMQ 分别使用 DefaultMQPullConsumer 和 DefaultMQPushConsumer 实现了拉取和推送两种方式. 下面主要以DefaultMQPullConsumer为例进行分析.
先看源码中给出的Demo:
public class PullConsumerTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException {
DefaultMQPullConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPullConsumer("please_rename_unique_group_name_5"); //@1
consumer.start(); //@2
try {
MessageQueue mq = new MessageQueue();
mq.setQueueId(0);
mq.setTopic("TopicTest3");
mq.setBrokerName("vivedeMacBook-Pro.local");
long offset = 26;
long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
PullResult pullResult = consumer.pullBlockIfNotFound(mq, null, offset, 32); //@3
System.out.printf("%s%n", System.currentTimeMillis() - beginTime);
System.out.printf("%s%n", pullResult);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
consumer.shutdown();
}
}
首先在@1处构建Consumer并且制定其所属的消费者组. 在@2处启动Consumer, 并且在@3处拉取消息.
Consumer启动
事实上DefaultMQPullConsumer将所有操作都委托给DefaultMQPullConsumerImpl, 下面看DefaultMQPullConsumerImpl#start.
public void start() throws MQClientException {
switch (this.serviceState) {
case CREATE_JUST:
this.serviceState = ServiceState.START_FAILED;
this.checkConfig(); //@1
this.copySubscription(); //@2
if (this.defaultMQPullConsumer.getMessageModel() == MessageModel.CLUSTERING) {
this.defaultMQPullConsumer.changeInstanceNameToPID(); //@3
}
this.mQClientFactory = MQClientManager.getInstance().getAndCreateMQClientInstance(this.defaultMQPullConsumer, this.rpcHook); //@4
//@5
this.rebalanceImpl.setConsumerGroup(this.defaultMQPullConsumer.getConsumerGroup());
this.rebalanceImpl.setMessageModel(this.defaultMQPullConsumer.getMessageModel());
this.rebalanceImpl.setAllocateMessageQueueStrategy(this.defaultMQPullConsumer.getAllocateMessageQueueStrategy());
this.rebalanceImpl.setmQClientFactory(this.mQClientFactory);
this.pullAPIWrapper = new PullAPIWrapper(//
mQClientFactory, //
this.defaultMQPullConsumer.getConsumerGroup(), isUnitMode());
//@6
this.pullAPIWrapper.registerFilterMessageHook(filterMessageHookList);
//@7
if (this.defaultMQPullConsumer.getOffsetStore() != null) {
this.offsetStore = this.defaultMQPullConsumer.getOffsetStore();
} else {
switch (this.defaultMQPullConsumer.getMessageModel()) {
case BROADCASTING:
this.offsetStore = new LocalFileOffsetStore(this.mQClientFactory, this.defaultMQPullConsumer.getConsumerGroup());
break;
case CLUSTERING:
this.offsetStore = new RemoteBrokerOffsetStore(this.mQClientFactory, this.defaultMQPullConsumer.getConsumerGroup());
break;
default:
break;
}
}
this.offsetStore.load();
//@8
boolean registerOK = mQClientFactory.registerConsumer(this.defaultMQPullConsumer.getConsumerGroup(), this);
if (!registerOK) {
this.serviceState = ServiceState.CREATE_JUST;
throw new MQClientException("The consumer group[" + this.defaultMQPullConsumer.getConsumerGroup()
+ "] has been created before, specify another name please." + FAQUrl.suggestTodo(FAQUrl.GROUP_NAME_DUPLICATE_URL),
null);
}
//@9
mQClientFactory.start();
log.info("the consumer [{}] start OK", this.defaultMQPullConsumer.getConsumerGroup());
//@10
this.serviceState = ServiceState.RUNNING;
break;
case RUNNING:
case START_FAILED:
case SHUTDOWN_ALREADY:
throw new MQClientException("The PullConsumer service state not OK, maybe started once, "//
+ this.serviceState//
+ FAQUrl.suggestTodo(FAQUrl.CLIENT_SERVICE_NOT_OK),
null);
default:
break;
}
}
首先判断当前consumer的状态, 除了CREATE_JUST之外, 全部是非法状态.(这个容易理解, 因为时刚刚启动, 不应该处于其他状态).
状态合法后, 大体过程如下:
- @1校验各配置项是否合法(consumerGroup, allocateMessageQueueStrategy, messageModel)
- @2将当前defaultMQPullConsumer中的订阅关系复制到当前rebalanceImpl(负载均衡器, 主要负责决定, 当前的consumer应该从哪些Queue中消费消息)中.
- @3如果是集群模式,则将当前defaultMQPullConsumer实例名改为线程ID.
- @4实例化MQClientInstance(这个类是一个大杂烩,负责管理client(consumer, producer), 并提供多中功能接口供各个Service(Rebalance, PullMessage等)调用)
- @5初始化rebalance变量
- @6初始化pullAPIWrapper(长连接, 负责从broker处拉取消息, 然后利用ConsumeMessageService回调用户的Listener执行消息消费逻辑)
- @7构建offsetStore消费进度存储对象(有两种实现, Local和Rmote, Local存储在本地磁盘上, 适用于BROADCASTING广播消费模式; 而Remote则将消费进度存储在Broker上, 适用于CLUSTERING集群消费模式).
- @8向mqClientFactory注册本消费者
- @9启动mqClientFactory(启动各种定时任务, 如定时获取nameserver地址, 定时清理下线的borker, 启动各种service, 如拉消息服务, 负载均衡服务)
- @10将serviceState修改为ServiceState.RUNNING
Consumer获取消息
Consumer获取消息使用pullBlockIfNotFound方法, 方法签名如下:
PullResult pullBlockIfNotFound(MessageQueue mq, String subExpression, long offset, int maxNums)
throws MQClientException, RemotingException, MQBrokerException, InterruptedException
该方法一共有4个参数.
- mq, 从哪个队列中拉取消息;
- subExpression, SubscriptionData中的subString;
- offset, 消息拉取的offset;
- maxNums, 最大拉取的消息数目.
跟踪该方法,最终会委托给DefaultMQPullConsumerImpl中的pullSyncImpl方法执行, 代码如下:
private PullResult pullSyncImpl(MessageQueue mq, String subExpression, long offset, int maxNums, boolean block, long timeout)
throws MQClientException, RemotingException, MQBrokerException, InterruptedException {
this.makeSureStateOK(); //@1
//@2
if (null == mq) {
throw new MQClientException("mq is null", null);
}
if (offset < 0) {
throw new MQClientException("offset < 0", null);
}
if (maxNums <= 0) {
throw new MQClientException("maxNums <= 0", null);
}
this.subscriptionAutomatically(mq.getTopic()); //@3
int sysFlag = PullSysFlag.buildSysFlag(false, block, true, false); //@4
//@5
SubscriptionData subscriptionData;
try {
subscriptionData = FilterAPI.buildSubscriptionData(this.defaultMQPullConsumer.getConsumerGroup(), //
mq.getTopic(), subExpression);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new MQClientException("parse subscription error", e);
}
long timeoutMillis = block ? this.defaultMQPullConsumer.getConsumerTimeoutMillisWhenSuspend() : timeout; //@6
PullResult pullResult = this.pullAPIWrapper.pullKernelImpl(//
mq,
subscriptionData.getSubString(),
0L,
offset,
maxNums,
sysFlag,
0,
this.defaultMQPullConsumer.getBrokerSuspendMaxTimeMillis(),
timeoutMillis,
CommunicationMode.SYNC,
null
); //@7
this.pullAPIWrapper.processPullResult(mq, pullResult, subscriptionData); //@8
//@9
if (!this.consumeMessageHookList.isEmpty()) {
ConsumeMessageContext consumeMessageContext = null;
consumeMessageContext = new ConsumeMessageContext();
consumeMessageContext.setConsumerGroup(this.groupName());
consumeMessageContext.setMq(mq);
consumeMessageContext.setMsgList(pullResult.getMsgFoundList());
consumeMessageContext.setSuccess(false);
this.executeHookBefore(consumeMessageContext);
consumeMessageContext.setStatus(ConsumeConcurrentlyStatus.CONSUME_SUCCESS.toString());
consumeMessageContext.setSuccess(true);
this.executeHookAfter(consumeMessageContext);
}
return pullResult;
}
过程概括如下:
- @1检验当前consumer客户端是否处于RUNNING状态, 否则非法;
- @2检查mq, offset, maxNums三个参数是否合法;
- @3构建rebalanceImpl中的SubscriptionData;
- @4构建sysFlag;
- @5构建当前consumer的SubscriptionData(这一步和@3有点重复);
- @6从broker拉取消息时的超时时间;
- @7从broker拉取消息;
- @8对pullresult进行处理, 这一步主要进行两个操作, a.更新消息队列拉取消息Broker编号的映射, b.解析消息，并根据订阅信息消息tagCode匹配合适消息.
- @9如果HookList不为空, 执行HookList中的操作.
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