The Criminal Liability Model

The automatic driving vehicles will cause main part of traffic accidents in the future.There are three criminal liability models about the automatic vehicle,the 'Perpetration-by-Another' liability model; the 'Natural-Probable-Consequence' liability model; and the 'Direct' liability model.These models are discussed below.

First model,"the 'Perpetration-by-Another' liability model",actually,the automatic vehicles just are the tools for offenders.They are not different from the dogs or hammers.User or programmer commit with the vehicles,and they got punishment.

Second,"Natural-Probable-Consequence",the vehicles could become criminal when user and programmer are negligence.Or the vehicles do the other criminal which are different from user and programmer command before.

Finally,"the 'Direct' liability model",