2020-06-27

我们通过一个国王的故事理解了一些含有介词in的短语。

懦弱的国王因为害怕战争而选择向敌军give in并hand in自己国家的财宝。因为未损一兵一将，国王自以为拯救了国民。他的举措却让大臣难以take it in 。

既然讲过了in，就不得不提到它的反义词out。又要送上一个小故事，大家边读故事边探索out是怎样和不同的动词一起搭配出不同的意思的。

Cheese was running out (用尽) in Michael’s kitchen again. Someone was secretly (秘密地) eating it. First, he ruled out (排除) the possibility (可能性) of himself being the thief because he seldom ate any cheese these days. Second, he left out (不包括) his cat Cathy of the list of suspects (嫌疑人).

“She is too lovely to be a cheese thief,” He said to himself. “The thieves must be those rats(老鼠) in my house!” In order to figure out (搞清楚) the identity (身份) of the villain (坏人) and prove that his guess was right, he did an experiment (实验).

He poisoned(下毒) some of the cheese. The rats would eat the cheese and it would be their last dinner. He was so happy because he thought he worked it all out(想出，解决).

However, things turned out(结果是) differently. The next morning, Michael made out(听出来) a shrill (尖锐的) catty cry (呼喊). He rushed into the living room, but it was too late. He found out(发现) that Cathy was already dead.

哈哈故事的结局是不是出乎意料！所以don't judge a book by its cover(不要只看表面)。同时我们也学到了一些out组成的短语，比如run out, rule out, work out…

与in相反，out在很多短语里表示出去，外面，所以刚刚选择题中的turn out指的是在外面的某一个场合出席，出现。

很多时候，这一层出去的意思会延伸出很多其他含义。

例如，rule out 就是把一些可能性排除出去, leave out 就是不把某人或某事包括在内，例如在故事中，Michael 会leave Cathy out of the list of suspects (不把Cindy包括在嫌疑人名单里)。有时，我们在讲故事时也会不小心leave out some details (疏漏一些细节）。

出去的东西很难收回，所以东西可能会 run out, 用尽， 流失。

另外，在我们汉语中经常把出和解决办法, 也就是solution联系在一起。
我们有想出来，英文也有figure out；
我们有 解决出来, 英文也有 work out；
我们有辨认出来或听出来，英文也有make something out。
注意的是make out不仅局限于识别声音，也可以是字迹，想法，等等。

好啦，下面我们做几道练习，看看我们是否能figure out 这些有介词out的短语吧。
小练习
Her voice was so low that I could not ____ what she said.
A. make out
B. leave out
C. run out
The battery of my cell phone is ____. I need to recharge (充电) it as soon as possible.
A. turning out
B. running out
C. working out
I don’t think it’s a good idea to _____ your parents out of your life.
A. work
B. rule
C. leave
考试真题
在近几年全国和各地高考中含有介词out的短语多次出现，下面有几个例子：

The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to make it out. (2003，北京高考）

It turned out that among other things, he was an eighty-year-old writer. (2015, 江苏高考）

The teacher stressed again that students should not leave out any important details while retelling the story.