一、下载mysql数据库

1、从mysql官网上下载自己适合的mysql版本https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/5.6.html#downloads，进入mysql官网，依次点击

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笔者选择MySQL Community Server 5.6.44 Linux-Generic 64位

二、安装

1、将下载好的mysql压缩文件放置在linux的/usr/local文件夹下，解压该压缩文件

tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

2、将解压后的文件重命名为mysql

mv mysql-5.6.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  mysql

3、创建mysql用户组及用户

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql

4、入到mysql目录，执行添加MySQL配置的操作

cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
或：
cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

是否覆盖？按y 回车
5、编辑/etc/my.cnf文件；

vi /etc/my.cnf

在my.cnf文件中添加或者修改相关配置，更改完成后保存退出

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
# server_id = .....
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
character-set-server = utf8
skip-name-resolve
log-err = /usr/local/mysql/data/error.log
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M 

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

6、在mysql当前目录下设定目录的访问权限（注意后面的小点，表示当前目录）

chown -R mysql .
chgrp -R mysql .
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
chown -R root .
chown -R mysql data

7、初始化数据（在mysql/bin或者mysql/scripts下有个 mysql_install_db 可执行文件初始化数据库），进入mysql/bin或者mysql/scripts目录下，执行下面命令

./mysql_install_db --verbose --user=root --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid --tmpdir=/tmp

8、启动mysql，进入/usr/local/mysql/bin目录，执行下面命令

[root@iz2ze9z5o9dc mysql]# ./bin/mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -proot
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.6.44 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

三、踩过的坑

1、问题：本地可以访问，远程访问请求超时
2、尝试的方法
①. 排除网络或防火墙问题
I、先看是否能ping通远程服务器，ping 192.168.1.211，如果不可以就是网络问题。然后，检查端口是否被防火墙挡住了，telnet 192.168.1.211 3306，如果连接失败，配置防火墙。
II、配置防火墙，开启3306端口
vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
-A INPUT -m state –state NEW -m tcp -p tcp –dport 3306 -j ACCEPT（允许3306端口通过防火墙）
III、service iptables restart（重启防火墙使配置生效）
或者关闭防火墙
②检查MySQL配置
如果开启了防火墙，telnet还是失败，通过netstat查看3306的端口状态：

[root@iz2ze9z5 mysql]# netstat -apn|grep 3306 
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:37806         127.0.0.1:3306          TIME_WAIT   -                          
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      1932/mysqld                
tcp6       0      0 172.17.134.67:3306      223.72.43.25:21593      ESTABLISHED 1932/mysqld                
tcp6       0      0 172.17.134.67:3306      223.72.43.25:21762      ESTABLISHED 1932/mysqld    

检查一下my.cnf的配置，这里可以配置绑定ip地址。
bind-address=addr
不配置或者IP配置为0.0.0.0，表示监听所有客户端连接。
③. 检查用户访问权限
MySQL建用户的时候会指定一个host，默认是127.0.0.1/localhost，那么这个用户就只能本机访问， 其它机器用这个用户帐号访问会提示没有权限，host改为%，表示允许所有机器访问。

mysql> use mysql; 
Database changed 
mysql> update user set host=’%’ where user=’root’; 
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select host,user from user; 
+-------------------------+------+
| host                    | user |
+-------------------------+------+
| %                       |      |
| %                       | root |
| 127.0.0.1               | root |
| ::1                     | root |
| iz2ze9z5o9dc8zmb6  |      |
| iz2ze9z5o9dc8zmb6  | root |
| localhost               | root |
+-------------------------+------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

重启mysql使配置生效。

 mysql]# ./support-files/mysql.server restart                                 

尝试以上三步远程连接仍然连接不上，发现阿里云服务器上的安全组端口需要放行

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3、问题解决，远程连接成功

只要智商不滑坡,办法总比困难多