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阅读dubbo源码之jdk spi机制

阅读dubbo源码之jdk spi机制

作者: yulongsun | 来源:发表于2018-01-04 17:25 被阅读42次

    一、JDK SPI

    1、jdk spi是什么?

    全称:Service Provider Interface.

    2、有什么作用?

    • 为Interface自动寻找实现类;
    • 详解:标准制定者制定Interface,不同厂商根据Interface进行不同实现,并将实现类全路径放在<classpath:META-INF/services/全接口名称>下

    3、使用demo

    demo工程

    3.1 定义标准接口

    //win.yulongsun.demo.spring.jdkspi.spi.HelloSPIInterface
    public interface HelloSPIInterface {
        public void sayHello();
    }
    

    3.2 具体实现1

    //win.yulongsun.demo.spring.jdkspi.impl.HelloAImpl
    public class HelloAImpl implements HelloSPIInterface {
        @Override
        public void sayHello() {
            System.out.printf("say a");
        }
    }
    

    3.3 具体实现2

    //win.yulongsun.demo.spring.jdkspi.impl.HelloBImpl
    public class HelloBImpl implements HelloSPIInterface{
        @Override
        public void sayHello() {
            System.out.println("say b");
        }
    }
    

    3.4 配置<接口,实现类>

    在classpath:META-INF/services/下新建

    win.yulongsun.demo.spring.jdkspi.spi.HelloSPIInterface //=>全接口名称
    

    内容为:

    #具体实现类1
    win.yulongsun.demo.spring.jdkspi.impl.HelloAImpl
    #具体实现类2
    win.yulongsun.demo.spring.jdkspi.impl.HelloBImpl
    

    3.5 测试

    public class HelloSPITestCase {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ServiceLoader<HelloSPIInterface> helloSPIInterfaces = ServiceLoader.load(HelloSPIInterface.class);
            for (HelloSPIInterface item : helloSPIInterfaces) {
                item.sayHello();
            }
        }
    }
    
    测试结果

    4、SPI的缺点

    SPI在查找具体实现的时候,会先遍历实例化所有实现,然后循环找需要的实现。实现了没有必要实现的实例;
    

    二、扩展:JDK SPI 源码分析之ServiceLoader

    //ServiceLoader实现了Iterable接口,可以遍历所有的服务实现者
    public final class ServiceLoader<S> implements Iterable<S>
    {
        //查找配置文件的目录
        private static final String PREFIX = "META-INF/services/";
    
        //表示要被加载的服务的类或接口
        private final Class<S> service;
    
        //这个ClassLoader用来定位,加载,实例化服务提供者
        private final ClassLoader loader;
    
        // 访问控制上下文
        private final AccessControlContext acc;
    
        // 缓存已经被实例化的服务提供者,按照实例化的顺序存储
        private LinkedHashMap<String,S> providers = new LinkedHashMap<>();
    
        // 迭代器
        private LazyIterator lookupIterator;
    
        //重新加载,就相当于重新创建ServiceLoader了,用于新的服务提供者安装到正在运行的Java虚拟机中的情况。
        public void reload() {
            //清空缓存中所有已实例化的服务提供者
            providers.clear();
            //新建一个迭代器,该迭代器会从头查找和实例化服务提供者
            lookupIterator = new LazyIterator(service, loader);
        }
    
        //私有构造器
        //使用指定的类加载器和服务创建服务加载器
        //如果没有指定类加载器,使用系统类加载器,就是应用类加载器。
        private ServiceLoader(Class<S> svc, ClassLoader cl) {
            service = Objects.requireNonNull(svc, "Service interface cannot be null");
            loader = (cl == null) ? ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader() : cl;
            acc = (System.getSecurityManager() != null) ? AccessController.getContext() : null;
            reload();
        }
    
        //解析失败处理的方法
        private static void fail(Class<?> service, String msg, Throwable cause)
            throws ServiceConfigurationError
        {
            throw new ServiceConfigurationError(service.getName() + ": " + msg,cause);
        }
    
        private static void fail(Class<?> service, String msg)
            throws ServiceConfigurationError
        {
            throw new ServiceConfigurationError(service.getName() + ": " + msg);
        }
    
        private static void fail(Class<?> service, URL u, int line, String msg)
            throws ServiceConfigurationError
        {
            fail(service, u + ":" + line + ": " + msg);
        }
    
        //解析服务提供者配置文件中的一行
        //首先去掉注释校验,然后保存
        //返回下一行行号
        //重复的配置项和已经被实例化的配置项不会被保存
        private int parseLine(Class<?> service, URL u, BufferedReader r, int lc,
                              List<String> names)
            throws IOException, ServiceConfigurationError
        {
            //读取一行
            String ln = r.readLine();
            if (ln == null) {
                return -1;
            }
            //#号代表注释行
            int ci = ln.indexOf('#');
            if (ci >= 0) ln = ln.substring(0, ci);
            ln = ln.trim();
            int n = ln.length();
            if (n != 0) {
                if ((ln.indexOf(' ') >= 0) || (ln.indexOf('\t') >= 0))
                    fail(service, u, lc, "Illegal configuration-file syntax");
                int cp = ln.codePointAt(0);
                if (!Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(cp))
                    fail(service, u, lc, "Illegal provider-class name: " + ln);
                for (int i = Character.charCount(cp); i < n; i += Character.charCount(cp)) {
                    cp = ln.codePointAt(i);
                    if (!Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(cp) && (cp != '.'))
                        fail(service, u, lc, "Illegal provider-class name: " + ln);
                }
                if (!providers.containsKey(ln) && !names.contains(ln))
                    names.add(ln);
            }
            return lc + 1;
        }
    
        //解析配置文件,解析指定的url配置文件
        //使用parseLine方法进行解析,未被实例化的服务提供者会被保存到缓存中去
        private Iterator<String> parse(Class<?> service, URL u)
            throws ServiceConfigurationError
        {
            InputStream in = null;
            BufferedReader r = null;
            ArrayList<String> names = new ArrayList<>();
            try {
                in = u.openStream();
                r = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in, "utf-8"));
                int lc = 1;
                while ((lc = parseLine(service, u, r, lc, names)) >= 0);
            }
            return names.iterator();
        }
    
        //服务提供者查找的迭代器
        private class LazyIterator implements Iterator<S>
        {
    
            Class<S> service;//服务提供者接口
            ClassLoader loader;//类加载器
            Enumeration<URL> configs = null;//保存实现类的url
            Iterator<String> pending = null;//保存实现类的全名
            String nextName = null;//迭代器中下一个实现类的全名
    
            private LazyIterator(Class<S> service, ClassLoader loader) {
                this.service = service;
                this.loader = loader;
            }
    
            private boolean hasNextService() {
                if (nextName != null) {
                    return true;
                }
                if (configs == null) {
                    try {
                        String fullName = PREFIX + service.getName();
                        if (loader == null)
                            configs = ClassLoader.getSystemResources(fullName);
                        else
                            configs = loader.getResources(fullName);
                    }
                }
                while ((pending == null) || !pending.hasNext()) {
                    if (!configs.hasMoreElements()) {
                        return false;
                    }
                    pending = parse(service, configs.nextElement());
                }
                nextName = pending.next();
                return true;
            }
    
            private S nextService() {
                if (!hasNextService())
                    throw new NoSuchElementException();
                String cn = nextName;
                nextName = null;
                Class<?> c = null;
                try {
                    c = Class.forName(cn, false, loader);
                }
                if (!service.isAssignableFrom(c)) {
                    fail(service, "Provider " + cn  + " not a subtype");
                }
                try {
                    //注意:实例化
                    S p = service.cast(c.newInstance());
                    providers.put(cn, p);
                    return p;
                }
            }
    
            public boolean hasNext() {
                if (acc == null) {
                    return hasNextService();
                } else {
                    PrivilegedAction<Boolean> action = new PrivilegedAction<Boolean>() {
                        public Boolean run() { return hasNextService(); }
                    };
                    return AccessController.doPrivileged(action, acc);
                }
            }
    
            public S next() {
                if (acc == null) {
                    return nextService();
                } else {
                    PrivilegedAction<S> action = new PrivilegedAction<S>() {
                        public S run() { return nextService(); }
                    };
                    return AccessController.doPrivileged(action, acc);
                }
            }
    
            public void remove() {
                throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
            }
    
        }
    
        //获取迭代器
        //返回遍历服务提供者的迭代器
        //以懒加载的方式加载可用的服务提供者
        //懒加载的实现是:解析配置文件和实例化服务提供者的工作由迭代器本身完成
        public Iterator<S> iterator() {
            return new Iterator<S>() {
                //按照实例化顺序返回已经缓存的服务提供者实例
                Iterator<Map.Entry<String,S>> knownProviders
                    = providers.entrySet().iterator();
    
                public boolean hasNext() {
                    if (knownProviders.hasNext())
                        return true;
                    return lookupIterator.hasNext();
                }
    
                public S next() {
                    if (knownProviders.hasNext())
                        return knownProviders.next().getValue();
                    return lookupIterator.next();
                }
    
                public void remove() {
                    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
                }
    
            };
        }
    
        //为指定的服务使用指定的类加载器来创建一个ServiceLoader
        public static <S> ServiceLoader<S> load(Class<S> service, ClassLoader loader)
        {
            return new ServiceLoader<>(service, loader);
        }
    
        //使用线程上下文的类加载器来创建ServiceLoader
        public static <S> ServiceLoader<S> load(Class<S> service) {
            ClassLoader cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
            return ServiceLoader.load(service, cl);
        }
    
        //使用扩展类加载器为指定的服务创建ServiceLoader
        //只能找到并加载已经安装到当前Java虚拟机中的服务提供者,应用程序类路径中的服务提供者将被忽略
        public static <S> ServiceLoader<S> loadInstalled(Class<S> service) {
            ClassLoader cl = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
            ClassLoader prev = null;
            while (cl != null) {
                prev = cl;
                cl = cl.getParent();
            }
            return ServiceLoader.load(service, prev);
        }
    
        public String toString() {
            return "java.util.ServiceLoader[" + service.getName() + "]";
        }
    
    }
    

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