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深入理解MyBatis(四)--MyBatis的缓存源码分析

深入理解MyBatis(四)--MyBatis的缓存源码分析

作者: 彳亍口巴 | 来源:发表于2020-04-12 10:19 被阅读0次

    1 缓存介绍#

    MyBatis支持声明式数据缓存(declarative data caching)。当一条SQL语句被标记为“可缓存”后,首次执行它时从数据库获取的所有数据会被存储在一段高速缓存中,今后执行这条语句时就会从高速缓存中读取结果,而不是再次命中数据库。MyBatis提供了默认下基于Java HashMap的缓存实现,以及用于与OSCache、Ehcache、Hazelcast和Memcached连接的默认连接器。MyBatis还提供API供其他缓存实现使用。

    重点的那句话就是:MyBatis执行SQL语句之后,这条语句就是被缓存,以后再执行这条语句的时候,会直接从缓存中拿结果,而不是再次执行SQL。

    这也就是大家常说的MyBatis一级缓存,一级缓存的作用域scope是SqlSession。MyBatis同时还提供了一种全局作用域global scope的缓存,这也叫做二级缓存,也称作全局缓存。

    MyBatis将数据缓存设计成两级结构,分为一级缓存、二级缓存:

    一级缓存是Session会话级别的缓存,位于表示一次数据库会话的SqlSession对象之中,又被称之为本地缓存。一级缓存是MyBatis内部实现的一个特性,用户不能配置,默认情况下自动支持的缓存,用户没有定制它的权利(不过这也不是绝对的,可以通过开发插件对它进行修改);

    二级缓存是Application应用级别的缓存,它的是生命周期很长,跟Application的声明周期一样,也就是说它的作用范围是整个Application应用

    MyBatis中一级缓存和二级缓存的组织如下图所示:

    image

    2 一级缓存#

    一级缓存的工作机制:

    一级缓存是Session会话级别的,一般而言,一个SqlSession对象会使用一个Executor对象来完成会话操作,Executor对象会维护一个Cache缓存,以提高查询性能。关于一级缓存的详细实现,可参见MyBatis一级缓存实现

    2.1 缓存测试##

    1. 同个session进行两次相同查询:
    @Test
    public void test() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        try {
            User user = (User)sqlSession.selectOne("org.format.mybatis.cache.UserMapper.getById", 1);
            log.debug(user);
            User user2 = (User)sqlSession.selectOne("org.format.mybatis.cache.UserMapper.getById", 1);
            log.debug(user2);
        } finally {
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }
    
    

    MyBatis只进行1次数据库查询:

    ==> Preparing: select * from USERS WHERE ID = ?
    ==> Parameters: 1(Integer)
    <== Total: 1
    User{id=1, name='format', age=23, birthday=Sun Oct 12 23:20:13 CST 2014}
    User{id=1, name='format', age=23, birthday=Sun Oct 12 23:20:13 CST 2014}
    
    
    1. 同个session进行两次不同的查询:
    @Test
    public void test() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        try {
            User user = (User)sqlSession.selectOne("org.format.mybatis.cache.UserMapper.getById", 1);
            log.debug(user);
            User user2 = (User)sqlSession.selectOne("org.format.mybatis.cache.UserMapper.getById", 2);
            log.debug(user2);
        } finally {
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }
    
    

    MyBatis进行两次数据库查询:

    ==> Preparing: select * from USERS WHERE ID = ?
    ==> Parameters: 1(Integer)
    <== Total: 1
    User{id=1, name='format', age=23, birthday=Sun Oct 12 23:20:13 CST 2014}
    ==> Preparing: select * from USERS WHERE ID = ?
    ==> Parameters: 2(Integer)
    <== Total: 1
    User{id=2, name='FFF', age=50, birthday=Sat Dec 06 17:12:01 CST 2014}
    
    
    1. 不同session,进行相同查询:
    @Test
    public void test() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        SqlSession sqlSession2 = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        try {
            User user = (User)sqlSession.selectOne("org.format.mybatis.cache.UserMapper.getById", 1);
            log.debug(user);
            User user2 = (User)sqlSession2.selectOne("org.format.mybatis.cache.UserMapper.getById", 1);
            log.debug(user2);
        } finally {
            sqlSession.close();
            sqlSession2.close();
        }
    }
    
    

    MyBatis进行了两次数据库查询:

    ==> Preparing: select * from USERS WHERE ID = ?
    ==> Parameters: 1(Integer)
    <== Total: 1
    User{id=1, name='format', age=23, birthday=Sun Oct 12 23:20:13 CST 2014}
    ==> Preparing: select * from USERS WHERE ID = ?
    ==> Parameters: 1(Integer)
    <== Total: 1
    User{id=1, name='format', age=23, birthday=Sun Oct 12 23:20:13 CST 2014}
    
    
    1. 同个session,查询之后更新数据,再次查询相同的语句:
    @Test
    public void test() {
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        try {
            User user = (User)sqlSession.selectOne("org.format.mybatis.cache.UserMapper.getById", 1);
            log.debug(user);
            user.setAge(100);
            sqlSession.update("org.format.mybatis.cache.UserMapper.update", user);
            User user2 = (User)sqlSession.selectOne("org.format.mybatis.cache.UserMapper.getById", 1);
            log.debug(user2);
            sqlSession.commit();
        } finally {
            sqlSession.close();
        }
    }
    
    

    更新操作之后缓存会被清除:

    ==> Preparing: select * from USERS WHERE ID = ?
    ==> Parameters: 1(Integer)
    <== Total: 1
    User{id=1, name='format', age=23, birthday=Sun Oct 12 23:20:13 CST 2014}
    ==> Preparing: update USERS SET NAME = ? , AGE = ? , BIRTHDAY = ? where ID = ?
    ==> Parameters: format(String), 23(Integer), 2014-10-12 23:20:13.0(Timestamp), 1(Integer)
    <== Updates: 1
    ==> Preparing: select * from USERS WHERE ID = ?
    ==> Parameters: 1(Integer)
    <== Total: 1
    User{id=1, name='format', age=23, birthday=Sun Oct 12 23:20:13 CST 2014}
    
    

    很明显,结果验证了一级缓存的概念,在同个SqlSession中,查询语句相同的sql会被缓存,但是一旦执行新增或更新或删除操作,缓存就会被清除

    2.2 源码分析##

    在分析MyBatis的一级缓存之前,我们先简单看下MyBatis中几个重要的类和接口:

    org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration类:MyBatis全局配置信息类

    org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory接口:操作SqlSession的工厂接口,具体的实现类是DefaultSqlSessionFactory

    org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession接口:执行sql,管理事务的接口,具体的实现类是DefaultSqlSession

    org.apache.ibatis.executor.Executor接口:sql执行器,SqlSession执行sql最终是通过该接口实现的,常用的实现类有SimpleExecutor和CachingExecutor,这些实现类都使用了装饰者设计模式

    一级缓存的作用域是SqlSession,那么我们就先看一下SqlSession的select过程:

    1. 这是DefaultSqlSession(SqlSession接口实现类,MyBatis默认使用这个类)的selectList源码(我们例子上使用的是selectOne方法,调用selectOne方法最终会执行selectList方法):
    public <E> List<E> selectList(String statement, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds) {
         try {
             MappedStatement ms = configuration.getMappedStatement(statement);
             List<E> result = executor.query(ms, wrapCollection(parameter), rowBounds, Executor.NO_RESULT_HANDLER);
             return result;
         } catch (Exception e) {
             throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error querying database.  Cause: " + e, e);
         } finally {
             ErrorContext.instance().reset();
         }
    }
    
    
    1. 我们看到SqlSession最终会调用Executor接口的方法。接下来我们看下DefaultSqlSession中的executor接口属性具体是哪个实现类。DefaultSqlSession的构造过程(DefaultSqlSessionFactory内部):
    private SqlSession openSessionFromDataSource(ExecutorType execType, TransactionIsolationLevel level, boolean autoCommit) {
          Transaction tx = null;
          try {
              final Environment environment = configuration.getEnvironment();
              final TransactionFactory transactionFactory = getTransactionFactoryFromEnvironment(environment);
              tx = transactionFactory.newTransaction(environment.getDataSource(), level, autoCommit);
              final Executor executor = configuration.newExecutor(tx, execType, autoCommit);
              return new DefaultSqlSession(configuration, executor);
          } catch (Exception e) {
              closeTransaction(tx); // may have fetched a connection so lets call close()
              throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error opening session.  Cause: " + e, e);
          } finally {
              ErrorContext.instance().reset();
          }
    }
    
    
    1. 我们看到DefaultSqlSessionFactory构造DefaultSqlSession的时候,Executor接口的实现类是由Configuration构造的:
    public Executor newExecutor(Transaction transaction, ExecutorType executorType, boolean autoCommit) {
          executorType = executorType == null ? defaultExecutorType : executorType;
          executorType = executorType == null ? ExecutorType.SIMPLE : executorType;
          Executor executor;
          if (ExecutorType.BATCH == executorType) {
              executor = new BatchExecutor(this, transaction);
          } else if (ExecutorType.REUSE == executorType) {
              executor = new ReuseExecutor(this, transaction);
          } else {
              executor = new SimpleExecutor(this, transaction);
          }
          if (cacheEnabled) {
              executor = new CachingExecutor(executor, autoCommit);
          }
          executor = (Executor) interceptorChain.pluginAll(executor);
          return executor;
    }
    
    

    Executor根据ExecutorType的不同而创建,最常用的是SimpleExecutor,本文的例子也是创建这个实现类。 最后我们发现如果cacheEnabled这个属性为true的话,那么executor会被包一层装饰器,这个装饰器是 CachingExecutor。其中cacheEnabled这个属性是mybatis总配置文件中settings节点中cacheEnabled子节点的值,默认就是true,也就是说我们在mybatis总配置文件中不配cacheEnabled的话,它也是默认为打开的。

    1. 现在,问题就剩下一个了,CachingExecutor执行sql的时候到底做了什么?带着这个问题,我们继续走下去(CachingExecutor的query方法):
    public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {
          Cache cache = ms.getCache();
          if (cache != null) {
              flushCacheIfRequired(ms);
              if (ms.isUseCache() && resultHandler == null) {
                  ensureNoOutParams(ms, parameterObject, boundSql);
                  if (!dirty) {
                      cache.getReadWriteLock().readLock().lock();
                      try {
                          @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                          List<E> cachedList = (List<E>) cache.getObject(key);
                          if (cachedList != null) return cachedList;
                      } finally {
                          cache.getReadWriteLock().readLock().unlock();
                      }
                  }
                  List<E> list = delegate.<E> query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
                  tcm.putObject(cache, key, list); // issue #578\. Query must be not synchronized to prevent deadlocks
                  return list;
              }
          }
          return delegate.<E>query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
    }
    
    

    其中Cache cache = ms.getCache();这句代码中,这个cache实际上就是个二级缓存,由于我们没有开启二级缓存(二级缓存的内容下面会分析),因此这里执行了最后一句话。这里的delegate也就是SimpleExecutor,SimpleExecutor没有Override父类的query方法,因此最终执行了SimpleExecutor的父类BaseExecutor的query方法

    1. 所以一级缓存最重要的代码就是BaseExecutor的query方法!
    public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {
          ErrorContext.instance().resource(ms.getResource()).activity("executing a query").object(ms.getId());
          if (closed) throw new ExecutorException("Executor was closed.");
          if (queryStack == 0 && ms.isFlushCacheRequired()) {
             clearLocalCache();
          }
          List<E> list;
          try {
             queryStack++;
             list = resultHandler == null ? (List<E>) localCache.getObject(key) : null;
             if (list != null) {
                 handleLocallyCachedOutputParameters(ms, key, parameter, boundSql);
             } else {
                 list = queryFromDatabase(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
             }
          } finally {
             queryStack--;
          }
          if (queryStack == 0) {
             for (DeferredLoad deferredLoad : deferredLoads) {
                 deferredLoad.load();
             }
             deferredLoads.clear(); // issue #601
             if (configuration.getLocalCacheScope() == LocalCacheScope.STATEMENT) {
                 clearLocalCache(); // issue #482
             }
          }
          return list;
    }
    
    

    BaseExecutor的属性localCache是个PerpetualCache类型的实例,PerpetualCache类是实现了MyBatis的Cache缓存接口的实现类之一,内部有个Map类型的属性用来存储缓存数据。这个localCache的类型在BaseExecutor内部是写死的。这个localCache就是一级缓存!

    1. 接下来我们看下为何执行新增或更新或删除操作,一级缓存就会被清除这个问题。首先MyBatis处理新增或删除的时候,最终都是调用update方法,也就是说新增或者删除操作在MyBatis眼里都是一个更新操作。我们看下DefaultSqlSession的update方法:
    public int update(String statement, Object parameter) {
         try {
             dirty = true;
             MappedStatement ms = configuration.getMappedStatement(statement);
             return executor.update(ms, wrapCollection(parameter));
         } catch (Exception e) {
             throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error updating database.  Cause: " + e, e);
         } finally {
             ErrorContext.instance().reset();
         }
    }
    
    

    很明显,这里调用了CachingExecutor的update方法:

    public int update(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject) throws SQLException {
         flushCacheIfRequired(ms);
          return delegate.update(ms, parameterObject);
    }
    
    

    这里的flushCacheIfRequired方法清除的是二级缓存,我们之后会分析。 CachingExecutor委托给了(之前已经分析过)SimpleExecutor的update方法,SimpleExecutor没有 Override父类BaseExecutor的update方法,因此我们看BaseExecutor的update方法:

    public int update(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter) throws SQLException {
          ErrorContext.instance().resource(ms.getResource()).activity("executing an update").object(ms.getId());
          if (closed) throw new ExecutorException("Executor was closed.");
          clearLocalCache();
          return doUpdate(ms, parameter);
    }
    
    
    1. 我们看到了关键的一句代码: clearLocalCache(); 进去看看:
    public void clearLocalCache() {
         if (!closed) {
             localCache.clear();
             localOutputParameterCache.clear();
         }
    }
    
    

    没错,就是这条,sqlsession没有关闭的话,进行新增、删除、修改操作的话就是清除一级缓存,也就是SqlSession的缓存

    3 二级缓存#

    二级缓存的作用域是全局,换句话说,二级缓存已经脱离SqlSession的控制了。二级缓存的作用域是全局的,二级缓存在SqlSession关闭或提交之后才会生效。

    在分析MyBatis的二级缓存之前,我们先简单看下MyBatis中一个关于二级缓存的类(其他相关的类和接口之前已经分析过),org.apache.ibatis.mapping.MappedStatement:

    MappedStatement类在Mybatis框架中用于表示XML文件中一个sql语句节点,即一个<select />、<update />或者<insert />标签。Mybatis框架在初始化阶段会对XML配置文件进行读取,将其中的sql语句节点对象化为一个个MappedStatement对象。

    二级缓存的工作机制:

    一个SqlSession对象会使用一个Executor对象来完成会话操作,MyBatis的二级缓存机制的关键就是对这个Executor对象做文章。如果用户配置了"cacheEnabled=true",那么MyBatis在为SqlSession对象创建Executor对象时,会对Executor对象加上一个装饰者:CachingExecutor,这时SqlSession使用CachingExecutor对象来完成操作请求。CachingExecutor对于查询请求,会先判断该查询请求在Application级别的二级缓存中是否有缓存结果,如果有查询结果,则直接返回缓存结果;如果缓存中没有,再交给真正的Executor对象来完成查询操作,之后CachingExecutor会将真正Executor返回的查询结果放置到缓存中,然后在返回给用户。

    MyBatis的二级缓存设计得比较灵活,你可以使用MyBatis自己定义的二级缓存实现;你也可以通过实现org.apache.ibatis.cache.Cache接口自定义缓存;也可以使用第三方内存缓存库,如Memcached等。

    image image

    3.1 缓存配置##

    二级缓存跟一级缓存不同,一级缓存不需要配置任何东西,且默认打开。 二级缓存就需要配置一些东西。本文就说下最简单的配置,在mapper文件上加上这句配置即可。其实二级缓存跟3个配置有关:

    1. mybatis全局配置文件中的setting中的cacheEnabled需要为true(默认为true,不设置也行)
    2. mapper配置文件中需要加入<cache>节点
    3. mapper配置文件中的select节点需要加上属性useCache需要为true(默认为true,不设置也行)

    3.2 缓存测试##

    1. 不同SqlSession,查询相同语句,第一次查询之后commit SqlSession:
    @Test
    public void testCache2() {
          SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
          SqlSession sqlSession2 = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
          try {
              String sql = "org.format.mybatis.cache.UserMapper.getById";
              User user = (User)sqlSession.selectOne(sql, 1);
              log.debug(user);
              // 注意,这里一定要提交。 不提交还是会查询两次数据库
              sqlSession.commit();
              User user2 = (User)sqlSession2.selectOne(sql, 1);
              log.debug(user2);
          } finally {
              sqlSession.close();
              sqlSession2.close();
          }
    }
    
    

    MyBatis仅进行了一次数据库查询:

    ==> Preparing: select * from USERS WHERE ID = ?
    ==> Parameters: 1(Integer)
    <== Total: 1
    User{id=1, name='format', age=23, birthday=Sun Oct 12 23:20:13 CST 2014}
    User{id=1, name='format', age=23, birthday=Sun Oct 12 23:20:13 CST 2014}
    
    
    1. 不同SqlSession,查询相同语句,第一次查询之后close SqlSession:
    @Test
    public void testCache2() {
          SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
          SqlSession sqlSession2 = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
          try {
              String sql = "org.format.mybatis.cache.UserMapper.getById";
              User user = (User)sqlSession.selectOne(sql, 1);
              log.debug(user);
              sqlSession.close();
              User user2 = (User)sqlSession2.selectOne(sql, 1);
              log.debug(user2);
          } finally {
              sqlSession2.close();
          }
    }
    
    

    MyBatis仅进行了一次数据库查询:

    ==> Preparing: select * from USERS WHERE ID = ?
    ==> Parameters: 1(Integer)
    <== Total: 1
    User{id=1, name='format', age=23, birthday=Sun Oct 12 23:20:13 CST 2014}
    User{id=1, name='format', age=23, birthday=Sun Oct 12 23:20:13 CST 2014}
    
    
    1. 不同SqlSesson,查询相同语句。 第一次查询之后SqlSession不提交:
    @Test
    public void testCache2() {
          SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
          SqlSession sqlSession2 = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
          try {
              String sql = "org.format.mybatis.cache.UserMapper.getById";
              User user = (User)sqlSession.selectOne(sql, 1);
              log.debug(user);
              User user2 = (User)sqlSession2.selectOne(sql, 1);
              log.debug(user2);
          } finally {
              sqlSession.close();
              sqlSession2.close();
          }
    }
    
    

    MyBatis执行了两次数据库查询:

    ==> Preparing: select * from USERS WHERE ID = ?
    ==> Parameters: 1(Integer)
    <== Total: 1
    User{id=1, name='format', age=23, birthday=Sun Oct 12 23:20:13 CST 2014}
    ==> Preparing: select * from USERS WHERE ID = ?
    ==> Parameters: 1(Integer)
    <== Total: 1
    User{id=1, name='format', age=23, birthday=Sun Oct 12 23:20:13 CST 2014}
    
    

    3.3 源码分析##

    1. XMLMappedBuilder(解析每个mapper配置文件的解析类,每一个mapper配置都会实例化一个XMLMapperBuilder类)的解析方法:
    private void configurationElement(XNode context) {
         try {
             String namespace = context.getStringAttribute("namespace");
             if (namespace.equals("")) {
                 throw new BuilderException("Mapper's namespace cannot be empty");
             }
             builderAssistant.setCurrentNamespace(namespace);
             cacheRefElement(context.evalNode("cache-ref"));
             cacheElement(context.evalNode("cache"));
             parameterMapElement(context.evalNodes("/mapper/parameterMap"));
             resultMapElements(context.evalNodes("/mapper/resultMap"));
             sqlElement(context.evalNodes("/mapper/sql"));
             buildStatementFromContext(context.evalNodes("select|insert|update|delete"));
         } catch (Exception e) {
             throw new BuilderException("Error parsing Mapper XML. Cause: " + e, e);
         }
    }
    
    
    1. 我们看到了解析cache的那段代码:
    private void cacheElement(XNode context) throws Exception {
         if (context != null) {
             String type = context.getStringAttribute("type", "PERPETUAL");
             Class<? extends Cache> typeClass = typeAliasRegistry.resolveAlias(type);
             String eviction = context.getStringAttribute("eviction", "LRU");
             Class<? extends Cache> evictionClass = typeAliasRegistry.resolveAlias(eviction);
             Long flushInterval = context.getLongAttribute("flushInterval");
             Integer size = context.getIntAttribute("size");
             boolean readWrite = !context.getBooleanAttribute("readOnly", false);
             Properties props = context.getChildrenAsProperties();
             builderAssistant.useNewCache(typeClass, evictionClass, flushInterval, size, readWrite, props);
         }
    }
    
    
    1. 解析完cache标签之后会使用builderAssistant的userNewCache方法,这里的builderAssistant是一个MapperBuilderAssistant类型的帮助类,每个XMLMappedBuilder构造的时候都会实例化这个属性,MapperBuilderAssistant类内部有个Cache类型的currentCache属性,这个属性也就是mapper配置文件中 cache节点所代表的值:
    public Cache useNewCache(Class<? extends Cache> typeClass,
          Class<? extends Cache> evictionClass,
          Long flushInterval,
          Integer size,
          boolean readWrite,
          Properties props) {
              typeClass = valueOrDefault(typeClass, PerpetualCache.class);
              evictionClass = valueOrDefault(evictionClass, LruCache.class);
              Cache cache = new CacheBuilder(currentNamespace)
                  .implementation(typeClass)
                  .addDecorator(evictionClass)
                  .clearInterval(flushInterval)
                  .size(size)
                  .readWrite(readWrite)
                  .properties(props)
                  .build();
             configuration.addCache(cache);
             currentCache = cache;
             return cache;
    }
    
    

    OK,现在mapper配置文件中的cache节点被解析到了XMLMapperBuilder实例中的builderAssistant属性中的currentCache值里

    1. 接下来XMLMapperBuilder会解析select节点,解析select节点的时候使用XMLStatementBuilder进行解析(也包括其他insert,update,delete节点):
    public void parseStatementNode() {
         String id = context.getStringAttribute("id");
         String databaseId = context.getStringAttribute("databaseId");
    
         if (!databaseIdMatchesCurrent(id, databaseId, this.requiredDatabaseId)) return;
    
         Integer fetchSize = context.getIntAttribute("fetchSize");
         Integer timeout = context.getIntAttribute("timeout");
         String parameterMap = context.getStringAttribute("parameterMap");
         String parameterType = context.getStringAttribute("parameterType");
         Class<?> parameterTypeClass = resolveClass(parameterType);
         String resultMap = context.getStringAttribute("resultMap");
         String resultType = context.getStringAttribute("resultType");
         String lang = context.getStringAttribute("lang");
         LanguageDriver langDriver = getLanguageDriver(lang);
    
         Class<?> resultTypeClass = resolveClass(resultType);
         String resultSetType = context.getStringAttribute("resultSetType");
         StatementType statementType = StatementType.valueOf(context.getStringAttribute("statementType", StatementType.PREPARED.toString()));
         ResultSetType resultSetTypeEnum = resolveResultSetType(resultSetType);
    
         String nodeName = context.getNode().getNodeName();
         SqlCommandType sqlCommandType = SqlCommandType.valueOf(nodeName.toUpperCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
         boolean isSelect = sqlCommandType == SqlCommandType.SELECT;
         boolean flushCache = context.getBooleanAttribute("flushCache", !isSelect);
         boolean useCache = context.getBooleanAttribute("useCache", isSelect);
         boolean resultOrdered = context.getBooleanAttribute("resultOrdered", false);
    
         // Include Fragments before parsing
         XMLIncludeTransformer includeParser = new XMLIncludeTransformer(configuration, builderAssistant);
         includeParser.applyIncludes(context.getNode());
    
         // Parse selectKey after includes and remove them.
         processSelectKeyNodes(id, parameterTypeClass, langDriver);
    
         // Parse the SQL (pre: <selectKey> and <include> were parsed and removed)
         SqlSource sqlSource = langDriver.createSqlSource(configuration, context, parameterTypeClass);
         String resultSets = context.getStringAttribute("resultSets");
         String keyProperty = context.getStringAttribute("keyProperty");
         String keyColumn = context.getStringAttribute("keyColumn");
         KeyGenerator keyGenerator;
         String keyStatementId = id + SelectKeyGenerator.SELECT_KEY_SUFFIX;
         keyStatementId = builderAssistant.applyCurrentNamespace(keyStatementId, true);
         if (configuration.hasKeyGenerator(keyStatementId)) {
             keyGenerator = configuration.getKeyGenerator(keyStatementId);
         } else {
             keyGenerator = context.getBooleanAttribute("useGeneratedKeys",
             configuration.isUseGeneratedKeys() && SqlCommandType.INSERT.equals(sqlCommandType))
             ? new Jdbc3KeyGenerator() : new NoKeyGenerator();
         }
    
         builderAssistant.addMappedStatement(id, sqlSource, statementType, sqlCommandType,
           fetchSize, timeout, parameterMap, parameterTypeClass, resultMap, resultTypeClass,
           resultSetTypeEnum, flushCache, useCache, resultOrdered,
           keyGenerator, keyProperty, keyColumn, databaseId, langDriver, resultSets);
    }
    
    

    这段代码前面都是解析一些标签的属性,我们看到了最后一行使用builderAssistant添加MappedStatement,其中builderAssistant属性是构造XMLStatementBuilder的时候通过XMLMappedBuilder传入的,我们继续看builderAssistant的addMappedStatement方法:

    image
    1. 进入setStatementCache:
    private void setStatementCache(
          boolean isSelect,
          boolean flushCache,
          boolean useCache,
          Cache cache,
          MappedStatement.Builder statementBuilder) {
              flushCache = valueOrDefault(flushCache, !isSelect);
              useCache = valueOrDefault(useCache, isSelect);
              statementBuilder.flushCacheRequired(flushCache);
              statementBuilder.useCache(useCache);
              statementBuilder.cache(cache);
    }
    
    

    最终mapper配置文件中的<cache/>被设置到了XMLMapperBuilder的builderAssistant属性中,XMLMapperBuilder中使用XMLStatementBuilder遍历CRUD节点,遍历CRUD节点的时候将这个cache节点设置到这些CRUD节点中,这个cache就是所谓的二级缓存!

    1. 接下来我们回过头来看查询的源码,CachingExecutor的query方法:
    public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql)
         throws SQLException {
         Cache cache = ms.getCache();
         if (cache != null) {
             flushCacheIfRequired(ms);
             if (ms.isUseCache() && resultHandler == null) {
                 ensureNoOutParams(ms, parameterObject, boundSql);
                 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                 List<E> list = (List<E>) tcm.getObject(cache, key);
                 if (list == null) {
                     list = delegate.<E> query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
                     tcm.putObject(cache, key, list); // issue #578\. Query must be not synchronized to prevent deadlocks
                 }
                 return list;
             }
         }
         return delegate.<E> query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
    }
    
    
    1. 进入TransactionalCacheManager的putObject方法:
    public void putObject(Cache cache, CacheKey key, Object value) {
         getTransactionalCache(cache).putObject(key, value);
    }
    
    private TransactionalCache getTransactionalCache(Cache cache) {
         TransactionalCache txCache = transactionalCaches.get(cache);
         if (txCache == null) {
             txCache = new TransactionalCache(cache);
             transactionalCaches.put(cache, txCache);
         }
         return txCache;
    }
    
    
    1. TransactionalCache的putObject方法:
    public void putObject(Object key, Object object) {
         entriesToRemoveOnCommit.remove(key);
         entriesToAddOnCommit.put(key, new AddEntry(delegate, key, object));
    }
    
    

    我们看到,数据被加入到了entriesToAddOnCommit中,这个entriesToAddOnCommit是什么东西呢,它是TransactionalCache的一个Map属性:

    private Map<Object, AddEntry> entriesToAddOnCommit;
    
    

    AddEntry是TransactionalCache内部的一个类:

    private static class AddEntry {
         private Cache cache;
         private Object key;
         private Object value;
    
         public AddEntry(Cache cache, Object key, Object value) {
             this.cache = cache;
             this.key = key;
             this.value = value;
         }
    
         public void commit() {
             cache.putObject(key, value);
         }
    }
    
    

    好了,现在我们发现使用二级缓存之后:查询数据的话,先从二级缓存中拿数据,如果没有的话,去一级缓存中拿,一级缓存也没有的话再查询数据库。有了数据之后在丢到TransactionalCache这个对象的entriesToAddOnCommit属性中

    接下来我们来验证为什么SqlSession commit或close之后,二级缓存才会生效这个问题。

    1. DefaultSqlSession的commit方法:
    public void commit(boolean force) {
         try {
             executor.commit(isCommitOrRollbackRequired(force));
             dirty = false;
         } catch (Exception e) {
             throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error committing transaction.  Cause: " + e, e);
         } finally {
             ErrorContext.instance().reset();
         }
    }
    
    
    1. CachingExecutor的commit方法:
    public void commit(boolean required) throws SQLException {
         delegate.commit(required);
         tcm.commit();
         dirty = false;
    }
    
    
    1. tcm.commit即 TransactionalCacheManager的commit方法:
    public void commit() {
         for (TransactionalCache txCache : transactionalCaches.values()) {
             txCache.commit();
         }
    }
    
    
    1. TransactionalCache的commit方法:
    public void commit() {
         delegate.getReadWriteLock().writeLock().lock();
         try {
             if (clearOnCommit) {
                 delegate.clear();
             } else {
                for (RemoveEntry entry : entriesToRemoveOnCommit.values()) {
                    entry.commit();
                }
             }
             for (AddEntry entry : entriesToAddOnCommit.values()) {
                 entry.commit();
             }
             reset();
         } finally {
             delegate.getReadWriteLock().writeLock().unlock();
         }
    }
    
    
    1. 发现调用了AddEntry的commit方法:
    public void commit() {
          cache.putObject(key, value);
    }
    
    

    发现了! AddEntry的commit方法会把数据丢到cache中,也就是丢到二级缓存中

    关于为何调用close方法后,二级缓存才会生效,因为close方法内部会调用commit方法。本文就不具体说了。 读者有兴趣的话看一看源码就知道为什么了。

    4 Cache接口#

    org.apache.ibatis.cache.Cache是MyBatis的缓存接口,想要实现自定义的缓存需要实现这个接口。MyBatis中关于Cache接口的实现类也使用了装饰者设计模式。我们看下它的一些实现类:

    image

    简单说明:

    LRU – 最近最少使用的:移除最长时间不被使用的对象。

    FIFO – 先进先出:按对象进入缓存的顺序来移除它们。

    SOFT – 软引用:移除基于垃圾回收器状态和软引用规则的对象。

    WEAK – 弱引用:更积极地移除基于垃圾收集器状态和弱引用规则的对象。

    <cache
      eviction="FIFO" <!-- 可以通过cache节点的eviction属性设置,也可以设置其他的属性。-->
      flushInterval="60000"
      size="512"
      readOnly="true"/>
    
    

    cache-ref节点:mapper配置文件中还可以加入cache-ref节点,它有个属性namespace。如果每个mapper文件都是用cache-ref,且namespace都一样,那么就代表着真正意义上的全局缓存。如果只用了cache节点,那仅代表这个这个mapper内部的查询被缓存了,其他mapper文件的不起作用,这并不是所谓的全局缓存。


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