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inflate详解

inflate详解

作者: ComeAsExpected | 来源:发表于2019-06-27 15:16 被阅读0次

生成布局的时候,经常会用到LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(layoutRes, parent, false)方法,一直不知其具体实现以及各参数作用,靠猜来实现😂 很惭愧,趁闲暇赶紧补补~

常用到的inflate方式:

  • LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(layoutRes, parent);
  • LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(layoutRes, parent, true/false);
  • View.inflate(context, layoutRes, parent);

LayoutInflater.inflate有多个重载的方法,但是最后都调用的是同一个
public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot)

XmlResourceParser parser = context.getResources().getLayout(layoutRes);

    /**
     * Inflate a new view hierarchy from the specified XML node. Throws
     * {@link InflateException} if there is an error.
     * <p>
     * <em><strong>Important</strong></em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For performance
     * reasons, view inflation relies heavily on pre-processing of XML files
     * that is done at build time. Therefore, it is not currently possible to
     * use LayoutInflater with an XmlPullParser over a plain XML file at runtime.
     *
     * @param parser XML dom node containing the description of the view
     *        hierarchy.
     * @param root Optional view to be the parent of the generated hierarchy (if
     *        <em>attachToRoot</em> is true), or else simply an object that
     *        provides a set of LayoutParams values for root of the returned
     *        hierarchy (if <em>attachToRoot</em> is false.)
     * @param attachToRoot Whether the inflated hierarchy should be attached to
     *        the root parameter? If false, root is only used to create the
     *        correct subclass of LayoutParams for the root view in the XML.
     * @return The root View of the inflated hierarchy. If root was supplied and
     *         attachToRoot is true, this is root; otherwise it is the root of
     *         the inflated XML file.
     */
    public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
        synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {
            Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "inflate");

            final Context inflaterContext = mContext;
            final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser);
            Context lastContext = (Context) mConstructorArgs[0];
            mConstructorArgs[0] = inflaterContext;
            View result = root;

            try {
                // Look for the root node.
                int type;
                while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG &&
                        type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
                    // Empty
                }

                if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
                    throw new InflateException(parser.getPositionDescription()
                            + ": No start tag found!");
                }

                final String name = parser.getName();

                if (DEBUG) {
                    System.out.println("**************************");
                    System.out.println("Creating root view: "
                            + name);
                    System.out.println("**************************");
                }

                if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
                    if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
                        throw new InflateException("<merge /> can be used only with a valid "
                                + "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true");
                    }

                    rInflate(parser, root, inflaterContext, attrs, false);
                } else {
                    // Temp is the root view that was found in the xml
                    final View temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, inflaterContext, attrs);

                    ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;

                    if (root != null) {
                        if (DEBUG) {
                            System.out.println("Creating params from root: " +
                                    root);
                        }
                        // Create layout params that match root, if supplied
                        params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
                        if (!attachToRoot) {
                            // Set the layout params for temp if we are not
                            // attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)
                            temp.setLayoutParams(params);
                        }
                    }

                    if (DEBUG) {
                        System.out.println("-----> start inflating children");
                    }

                    // Inflate all children under temp against its context.
                    rInflateChildren(parser, temp, attrs, true);

                    if (DEBUG) {
                        System.out.println("-----> done inflating children");
                    }

                    // We are supposed to attach all the views we found (int temp)
                    // to root. Do that now.
                    if (root != null && attachToRoot) {
                        root.addView(temp, params);
                    }

                    // Decide whether to return the root that was passed in or the
                    // top view found in xml.
                    if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
                        result = temp;
                    }
                }

            } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
                final InflateException ie = new InflateException(e.getMessage(), e);
                ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
                throw ie;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                final InflateException ie = new InflateException(parser.getPositionDescription()
                        + ": " + e.getMessage(), e);
                ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
                throw ie;
            } finally {
                // Don't retain static reference on context.
                mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
                mConstructorArgs[1] = null;

                Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
            }

            return result;
        }
    }
inflate方法流程.png

总结:

  • View.inflate(context, layoutRes, root); => LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(layoutRes, root, root != null);
  • inflate(layoutRes, root); => inflate(layoutRes, root, root != null);
  • root为空,attachToRoot无意义,返回layoutRes对应的View
  • root不为空,attachToRoot为true,则把layoutRes对应的View添加到root中,返回root;attachToRoot为false,则把它的layoutParams设置给layoutRes对应的View,并返回layoutRes对应的View
  • merge标签的情况,root不能为空,同时attachToRoot必须为 true,这两个缺一不可,否则会抛出异常

根据xml标签名称生成View,非public方法
View createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs, boolean ignoreThemeAttr)

/**
     * Creates a view from a tag name using the supplied attribute set.
     * <p>
     * <strong>Note:</strong> Default visibility so the BridgeInflater can
     * override it.
     *
     * @param parent the parent view, used to inflate layout params
     * @param name the name of the XML tag used to define the view
     * @param context the inflation context for the view, typically the
     *                {@code parent} or base layout inflater context
     * @param attrs the attribute set for the XML tag used to define the view
     * @param ignoreThemeAttr {@code true} to ignore the {@code android:theme}
     *                        attribute (if set) for the view being inflated,
     *                        {@code false} otherwise
     */
    View createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs,
            boolean ignoreThemeAttr) {
        if (name.equals("view")) {
            name = attrs.getAttributeValue(null, "class");
        }

        // Apply a theme wrapper, if allowed and one is specified.
        if (!ignoreThemeAttr) {
            final TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, ATTRS_THEME);
            final int themeResId = ta.getResourceId(0, 0);
            if (themeResId != 0) {
                context = new ContextThemeWrapper(context, themeResId);
            }
            ta.recycle();
        }

        if (name.equals(TAG_1995)) {
            // Let's party like it's 1995!
            return new BlinkLayout(context, attrs);
        }

        try {
            View view;
            if (mFactory2 != null) {
                view = mFactory2.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);
            } else if (mFactory != null) {
                view = mFactory.onCreateView(name, context, attrs);
            } else {
                view = null;
            }

            if (view == null && mPrivateFactory != null) {
                view = mPrivateFactory.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);
            }

            if (view == null) {
                final Object lastContext = mConstructorArgs[0];
                mConstructorArgs[0] = context;
                try {
                    if (-1 == name.indexOf('.')) {
                        view = onCreateView(parent, name, attrs);
                    } else {
                        view = createView(name, null, attrs);
                    }
                } finally {
                    mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
                }
            }

            return view;
        } catch (InflateException e) {
            throw e;

        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            final InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()
                    + ": Error inflating class " + name, e);
            ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
            throw ie;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            final InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()
                    + ": Error inflating class " + name, e);
            ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
            throw ie;
        }
    }
    public interface Factory {
        public View onCreateView(String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs);
    }

    public interface Factory2 extends Factory {
        public View onCreateView(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs);
    }

    public void setFactory(Factory factory) {
        if (mFactorySet) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("A factory has already been set on this LayoutInflater");
        }
        if (factory == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("Given factory can not be null");
        }
        mFactorySet = true;
        if (mFactory == null) {
            mFactory = factory;
        } else {
            mFactory = new FactoryMerger(factory, null, mFactory, mFactory2);
        }
    }

    public void setFactory2(Factory2 factory) {
        if (mFactorySet) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("A factory has already been set on this LayoutInflater");
        }
        if (factory == null) {
            throw new NullPointerException("Given factory can not be null");
        }
        mFactorySet = true;
        if (mFactory == null) {
            mFactory = mFactory2 = factory;
        } else {
            mFactory = mFactory2 = new FactoryMerger(factory, factory, mFactory, mFactory2);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @hide for use by framework
     */
    public void setPrivateFactory(Factory2 factory) {
        if (mPrivateFactory == null) {
            mPrivateFactory = factory;
        } else {
            mPrivateFactory = new FactoryMerger(factory, factory, mPrivateFactory, mPrivateFactory);
        }
    }
createViewFromTag方法.png

大概流程:

  1. 对view标签进行处理,得到新的标签名
<view    //注意是小写的view
    class="RelativeLayout"  //该属性决定view这个节点会变成什么控件,此示例得到的新标签名就是RelativeLayout
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
</view>
  1. 主题相关设置
    如果与主题相关,需要将context与theme信息包装至ContextWrapper类。
  2. 特殊标签返回,blink标签返回BlinkLayout
    BlinkLayout其实就是一个FrameLayout,这个控件最后会将包裹内容一直闪烁。
    <blink
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="这个标签会一直闪烁"/>
    </blink>
  1. 依次判断Factory2 mFactory2,Factory mFactory,的状态,调用onCreateView得到view
    Factory2和Factory都是一个接口,需要自己实现,它们的区别是Factory2继承自Factory,扩展出一个参数,即该节点的父View;
    mFactory2和mFactory只能够设置一次,setFactory2和setFactory方法只能调用其中任意一个一次(两个方法不能都调用,调用的次数只能有一次),且设置的值不能为空,否则会有异常抛出
  2. view还为null,且Factory2 mPrivateFactory不为空,调用onCreateView得到view
    setPrivateFactory由framework层调用,开发中用不到此方法。需要有一些扩展性操作的话,设置setFactory2或setFactory方法。
  3. view还为null,调用createView方法得到View

public final View createView(String name, String prefix, AttributeSet attrs)

    /**
     * Low-level function for instantiating a view by name. This attempts to
     * instantiate a view class of the given <var>name</var> found in this
     * LayoutInflater's ClassLoader.
     *
     * <p>
     * There are two things that can happen in an error case: either the
     * exception describing the error will be thrown, or a null will be
     * returned. You must deal with both possibilities -- the former will happen
     * the first time createView() is called for a class of a particular name,
     * the latter every time there-after for that class name.
     *
     * @param name The full name of the class to be instantiated.
     * @param attrs The XML attributes supplied for this instance.
     *
     * @return View The newly instantiated view, or null.
     */
    public final View createView(String name, String prefix, AttributeSet attrs)
            throws ClassNotFoundException, InflateException {
         //判断构造器是否已经存在且可用
        Constructor<? extends View> constructor = sConstructorMap.get(name);
        if (constructor != null && !verifyClassLoader(constructor)) {
            constructor = null;
            sConstructorMap.remove(name);
        }
        Class<? extends View> clazz = null;

        try {
            Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, name);
            //缓存中构造器不存在,即该类还没有被加载过
            if (constructor == null) {
                // Class not found in the cache, see if it's real, and try to add it
                //通过前缀和名称用类加载器加载
                clazz = mContext.getClassLoader().loadClass(
                        prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name).asSubclass(View.class);
                //过滤掉不允许加载的类
                if (mFilter != null && clazz != null) {
                    boolean allowed = mFilter.onLoadClass(clazz);
                    if (!allowed) {
                        failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);
                    }
                }
                //得到类构造器并缓存起来
                constructor = clazz.getConstructor(mConstructorSignature);
                constructor.setAccessible(true);
                sConstructorMap.put(name, constructor);
            } else {
                // If we have a filter, apply it to cached constructor
                if (mFilter != null) {
                    // Have we seen this name before?
                    //有缓存Class是否被允许加载,判断这个Class的过滤状态
                    Boolean allowedState = mFilterMap.get(name);
                    //之前没有缓存该类是否可加载
                    if (allowedState == null) {
                        // New class -- remember whether it is allowed  不管是否允许,都要重新加载class
                        clazz = mContext.getClassLoader().loadClass(
                                prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name).asSubclass(View.class);

                        //判断class是否可加载,并缓存结果
                        boolean allowed = clazz != null && mFilter.onLoadClass(clazz);
                        mFilterMap.put(name, allowed);
                        if (!allowed) {
                            failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);
                        }
                    } else if (allowedState.equals(Boolean.FALSE)) {
                        failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);
                    }
                }
            }

            Object lastContext = mConstructorArgs[0];
            if (mConstructorArgs[0] == null) {
                // Fill in the context if not already within inflation.
                mConstructorArgs[0] = mContext;
            }
            Object[] args = mConstructorArgs;
            args[1] = attrs;

            //过滤通过,实例化该类
            final View view = constructor.newInstance(args);
            ////如果View属于ViewStub那么需要给ViewStub设置一个克隆过的LayoutInflater
            if (view instanceof ViewStub) {
                // Use the same context when inflating ViewStub later.
                final ViewStub viewStub = (ViewStub) view;
                viewStub.setLayoutInflater(cloneInContext((Context) args[0]));
            }
            mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
            return view;

        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            final InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()
                    + ": Error inflating class " + (prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name), e);
            ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
            throw ie;

        } catch (ClassCastException e) {
            // If loaded class is not a View subclass
            final InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()
                    + ": Class is not a View " + (prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name), e);
            ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
            throw ie;
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            // If loadClass fails, we should propagate the exception.
            throw e;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            final InflateException ie = new InflateException(
                    attrs.getPositionDescription() + ": Error inflating class "
                            + (clazz == null ? "<unknown>" : clazz.getName()), e);
            ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
            throw ie;
        } finally {
            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
        }
    }

总结:通过类加载器实现


void rInflate(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, Context context, AttributeSet attrs, boolean finishInflate)


    final void rInflateChildren(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, AttributeSet attrs,
            boolean finishInflate) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
        rInflate(parser, parent, parent.getContext(), attrs, finishInflate);
    }

    /**
     * Recursive method used to descend down the xml hierarchy and instantiate
     * views, instantiate their children, and then call onFinishInflate().
     * <p>
     * <strong>Note:</strong> Default visibility so the BridgeInflater can
     * override it.
     */
    void rInflate(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, Context context,
            AttributeSet attrs, boolean finishInflate) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {

        final int depth = parser.getDepth();
        int type;
        boolean pendingRequestFocus = false;

        while (((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_TAG ||
                parser.getDepth() > depth) && type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {

            if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
                continue;
            }

            final String name = parser.getName();

            if (TAG_REQUEST_FOCUS.equals(name)) {
                pendingRequestFocus = true;
                consumeChildElements(parser);
            } else if (TAG_TAG.equals(name)) {
                parseViewTag(parser, parent, attrs);
            } else if (TAG_INCLUDE.equals(name)) {
                if (parser.getDepth() == 0) {
                    throw new InflateException("<include /> cannot be the root element");
                }
                parseInclude(parser, context, parent, attrs);
            } else if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
                throw new InflateException("<merge /> must be the root element");
            } else {
                final View view = createViewFromTag(parent, name, context, attrs);
                final ViewGroup viewGroup = (ViewGroup) parent;
                final ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = viewGroup.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
                rInflateChildren(parser, view, attrs, true);
                viewGroup.addView(view, params);
            }
        }

        if (pendingRequestFocus) {
            parent.restoreDefaultFocus();
        }

        if (finishInflate) {
            parent.onFinishInflate();
        }
    }

rInflate方法.png

rInflate方法是一个递归的方法,会将解析出来的View作为root(父View),继续进行子节点的解析,直到无法解析,即以下情况:

  1. 当前解析的标识为XmlPullParser.END_TAG(节点结束的标识符),并且深度不在父节点的标签内。
  2. type 为 XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT(文档结束的标识符)。

详细介绍 https://blog.csdn.net/l540675759/article/details/78017065


demo

<FrameLayout>
    <LinearLayout>
        <TextView />
        <ImageView />
    </LinearLayout>
</FrameLayout>
inflate大概流程.png

补充:

  1. XmlPullParser解析器标签
  • START_DOCUMENT:表示解析器在文档的最开始,但尚未读取任何内容。
    ** 只有在第一次调用next()、nextToken()或nextTag()之前调用getEvent()才能观察此事件类型;
  • END_DOCUMENT:XML文档的逻辑结尾。当到达文档的结尾时,从getEventType()、next()和nextToken()返回。
    ** 在此之后调用到next()和nextToken()可能导致引发异常。
  • START_TAG:当开始标签被读到的时候,从getEventType()、next()和nextToken()返回。
    ** getName()得到标签的名称;
    ** getNamespace()得到标签的namespace;
    ** getPrefix()得到标签的前缀;
    ** getAttribute()得到元素的属性;
    ** getDepth()得到元素的深度。在根元素之外,深度为0;当到达开始标记时,深度增加1;在观察到结束标记事件后,深度将减小;
  • END_TAG:当结束标签被读到的时候,从getEventType()、next()和nextToken()返回。
    getDepth层级示例.jpg
  1. 由上分析可知,inflate xml文件需要通过耗时的IO操作读取文件内容,再通过反射(类加载器)生成View。所以,在列表中,当 Item 的复用几率很低时,随着 Type 的增多,这种 inflate 带来的损耗是相当大的,此时我们可以用代码去生成布局,即 new View() 的方式。

  2. 列表中,每个item已经指定了parent,inflate要选择(layoutRes, parent, false);

  3. setContentView最终调用的也是LayoutInflater.inflate,
    framework层会设置对应的Factory2等;

    AppCompatActivity extends FragmentActivity extends Activity;
    AppCompatActivity.setContentView => AppCompatDelegate.setContentView => LayoutInflater.inflate;
    FragmentActivity / Activity.setContentView => PhoneWindow.setContentView => LayoutInflater.inflate;

参考博文:https://blog.csdn.net/l540675759/article/details/78080656

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