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[转载] 如何将ISO 8601日期时间字符串转换为Python

[转载] 如何将ISO 8601日期时间字符串转换为Python

作者: 区块链熊猫 | 来源:发表于2020-12-11 10:49 被阅读0次

    参考链接: Python | 输出格式化 output format

    本文翻译自:How do I translate an ISO 8601 datetime string into a Python datetime object? [duplicate]

      This question already has an answer here: 这个问题已经在这里有了答案:  

      How do I parse an ISO 8601-formatted date? 如何解析ISO 8601格式的日期? 26 answers 26个答案 

     I'm getting a datetime string in a format like "2009-05-28T16:15:00" (this is ISO 8601, I believe). 我正在以类似“ 2009-05-28T16:15:00”的格式获取日期时间字符串(我相信这是ISO 8601)。 One hackish option seems to be to parse the string using time.strptime and passing the first six elements of the tuple into the datetime constructor, like: 一种可能的选择似乎是使用time.strptime解析字符串,并将元组的前六个元素传递到datetime构造函数中,例如:  

    datetime.datetime(*time.strptime("2007-03-04T21:08:12", "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S")[:6])

     I haven't been able to find a "cleaner" way of doing this. 我还没有找到一种“清洁”的方法。 Is there one? 有一个吗? 

    #1楼

    参考:https://stackoom.com/question/449d/如何将ISO-日期时间字符串转换为Python日期时间对象-重复

    #2楼

    import datetime, time

    def convert_enddate_to_seconds(self, ts):

        """Takes ISO 8601 format(string) and converts into epoch time."""

        dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(ts[:-7],'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f')+\

                    datetime.timedelta(hours=int(ts[-5:-3]),

                    minutes=int(ts[-2:]))*int(ts[-6:-5]+'1')

        seconds = time.mktime(dt.timetuple()) + dt.microsecond/1000000.0

        return seconds

     This also includes the milliseconds and time zone. 这还包括毫秒和时区。  

     If the time is '2012-09-30T15:31:50.262-08:00', this will convert into epoch time. 如果时间是“ 2012-09-30T15:31:50.262-08:00”,则它将转换为纪元时间。  

    >>> import datetime, time

    >>> ts = '2012-09-30T15:31:50.262-08:00'

    >>> dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(ts[:-7],'%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f')+ datetime.timedelta(hours=int(ts[-5:-3]), minutes=int(ts[-2:]))*int(ts[-6:-5]+'1')

    >>> seconds = time.mktime(dt.timetuple()) + dt.microsecond/1000000.0

    >>> seconds

    1348990310.26

    #3楼

     Arrow looks promising for this: Arrow对此很有希望:  

    >>> import arrow

    >>> arrow.get('2014-11-13T14:53:18.694072+00:00').datetime

    datetime.datetime(2014, 11, 13, 14, 53, 18, 694072, tzinfo=tzoffset(None, 0))

      Arrow is a Python library that provides a sensible, intelligent way of creating, manipulating, formatting and converting dates and times. Arrow是一个Python库,它提供了一种明智,智能的方式来创建,操作,格式化和转换日期和时间。 Arrow is simple, lightweight and heavily inspired by moment.js and requests . Arrow很简单,轻巧,并且受moment.js和request的启发很大 。  

    #4楼

     You should keep an eye on the timezone information, as you might get into trouble when comparing non-tz-aware datetimes with tz-aware ones. 您应该注意时区信息,因为在比较非tz感知的日期时间和tz感知的日期时间时可能会遇到麻烦。  

     It's probably the best to always make them tz-aware (even if only as UTC), unless you really know why it wouldn't be of any use to do so. 最好始终使它们具有tz意识(即使仅作为UTC),除非您真的知道为什么这样做没有任何用处。  

    #-----------------------------------------------

    import datetime

    import pytz

    import dateutil.parser

    #-----------------------------------------------

    utc = pytz.utc

    BERLIN = pytz.timezone('Europe/Berlin')

    #-----------------------------------------------

    def to_iso8601(when=None, tz=BERLIN):

      if not when:

        when = datetime.datetime.now(tz)

      if not when.tzinfo:

        when = tz.localize(when)

      _when = when.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f%z")

      return _when[:-8] + _when[-5:] # Remove microseconds

    #-----------------------------------------------

    def from_iso8601(when=None, tz=BERLIN):

      _when = dateutil.parser.parse(when)

      if not _when.tzinfo:

        _when = tz.localize(_when)

      return _when

    #-----------------------------------------------

    #5楼

     aniso8601 should handle this. aniso8601应该处理这个问题。 It also understands timezones, Python 2 and Python 3, and it has a reasonable coverage of the rest of ISO 8601 , should you ever need it. 它还了解时区,Python 2和Python 3,并且在需要时可以合理涵盖ISO 8601的其余部分。  

    import aniso8601

    aniso8601.parse_datetime('2007-03-04T21:08:12')

    #6楼

     Because ISO 8601 allows many variations of optional colons and dashes being present, basically CCYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss[Z|(+|-)hh:mm] . 由于ISO 8601允许存在许多可选的冒号和破折号,因此基本上CCYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss[Z|(+|-)hh:mm] 。 If you want to use strptime, you need to strip out those variations first. 如果要使用strptime,则需要先删除这些变化。  

     The goal is to generate a UTC datetime object. 目标是生成UTC日期时间对象。  

     If you just want a basic case that work for UTC with the Z suffix like 2016-06-29T19:36:29.3453Z : 如果您只想使用带有Z后缀的UTC的基本情况,例如2016-06-29T19:36:29.3453Z :  

    datetime.datetime.strptime(timestamp.translate(None, ':-'), "%Y%m%dT%H%M%S.%fZ")

     If you want to handle timezone offsets like 2016-06-29T19:36:29.3453-0400 or 2008-09-03T20:56:35.450686+05:00 use the following. 如果要处理时区偏移,例如2016-06-29T19:36:29.3453-0400或2008-09-03T20:56:35.450686+05:00使用以下内容。 These will convert all variations into something without variable delimiters like 20080903T205635.450686+0500 making it more consistent/easier to parse. 这些会将所有变体转换成没有变量定界符的内容,例如20080903T205635.450686+0500 ,使其更一致/更容易解析。  

    import re

    # This regex removes all colons and all

    # dashes EXCEPT for the dash indicating + or - utc offset for the timezone

    conformed_timestamp = re.sub(r"[:]|([-](?!((\d{2}[:]\d{2})|(\d{4}))$))", '', timestamp)

    datetime.datetime.strptime(conformed_timestamp, "%Y%m%dT%H%M%S.%f%z" )

     If your system does not support the %z strptime directive (you see something like ValueError: 'z' is a bad directive in format '%Y%m%dT%H%M%S.%f%z' ) then you need to manually offset the time from Z (UTC). 如果您的系统不支持%z strptime指令(您会看到类似ValueError: 'z' is a bad directive in format '%Y%m%dT%H%M%S.%f%z' ),则需要手动从Z (UTC)偏移时间。 Note %z may not work on your system in Python versions < 3 as it depended on the C library support which varies across system/Python build type (ie, Jython , Cython , etc.). 注意%z可能在版本低于3的Python版本中无法在您的系统上运行,因为它取决于C库支持,该支持因系统/ Python构建类型(即Jython , Cython等)而异。  

    import re

    import datetime

    # This regex removes all colons and all

    # dashes EXCEPT for the dash indicating + or - utc offset for the timezone

    conformed_timestamp = re.sub(r"[:]|([-](?!((\d{2}[:]\d{2})|(\d{4}))$))", '', timestamp)

    # Split on the offset to remove it. Use a capture group to keep the delimiter

    split_timestamp = re.split(r"[+|-]",conformed_timestamp)

    main_timestamp = split_timestamp[0]

    if len(split_timestamp) == 3:

        sign = split_timestamp[1]

        offset = split_timestamp[2]

    else:

        sign = None

        offset = None

    # Generate the datetime object without the offset at UTC time

    output_datetime = datetime.datetime.strptime(main_timestamp +"Z", "%Y%m%dT%H%M%S.%fZ" )

    if offset:

        # Create timedelta based on offset

        offset_delta = datetime.timedelta(hours=int(sign+offset[:-2]), minutes=int(sign+offset[-2:]))

        # Offset datetime with timedelta

        output_datetime = output_datetime + offset_delta

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