网络常用设备
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网络层面临的主要问题:
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包:64K-65535K
透明分段:
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不透明分段:
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隧道互联技术:
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拥塞控制
单薄、组播与广播
存储转发与路由选择
路由的存储-转发
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路由算法
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静态路由:
泛洪算法和最短路径算法
动态路由:
链路状态路由选择算法:
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1、发现邻居节点 (hello报文)
2、测量链路成本
3、封装链路状态包
4、广播链路状态包:(定期发送,出现重大事件)
Dijkstra算法(略)
基于链路状态的路由会来回震荡(随着链路成本的变化来回震荡)
距离矢量算法:
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对比:
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IP包格式
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IP分类
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子网编码:
无类域间路由:
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最长前缀匹配原则:
IP层的控制协议
ICMP:
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ICMP报文封装在IP包中
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1、监测任意节点的可达性
ping命令(ICMP的可达命令)
2、报告目标端不可达报告
3、拥塞控制通知
4、重定向路由
5、检测循环路由
6、传输时间估计值
7、请求子网地址掩码
trace route工具
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ARP协议和包传递
ARP哈希表
DHCP(UDP协议){
服务器使用UDP67
客户机使用UDP68}
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网络地址转换协议:
NAT:
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网络层设备
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