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elasticsearch入门

elasticsearch入门

作者: voidFan | 来源:发表于2021-07-28 21:04 被阅读0次

    ES使用

    分布式全文搜索引擎,文档数据库

    • ES是一个分布式文档数据库,其中每个字段均可被索引,而且每个字段的数据均可被搜索。
    • ES能够横向扩展至数以百计的服务器存储以及处理PB级的数据。可以在极短的时间内存储、搜索和分析大量的数据。
    • GitHub的搜索引擎是基于ES构建的

    基本概念

    • Near Realtime(NRT) 几乎实时
    • Cluster集群
    • Node节点
    • Index索引 ---------------- Database(数据库)
    • Type类型 ---------------- Table(表)
    • Document文档 ---------------- Row(数据行)
    • Field字段 ---------------- Column(数据列)
    • Mapping映射 ---------------- Schema(模式)
    • Shards & Replicas分片与副本

    curl命令操作ES

    • _cat系列 curl -XGET localhost:9200/_cat/***
    • _cluster系列
    • _nodes系列

    索引的增删

    # 创建索引www
    curl -X PUT 127.0.0.1:9200/www
    # 删除索引www
    curl -X DELETE 127.0.0.1:9200/www
    

    节点状态查询

    curl -XGET http://localhost:9200/_nodes/stats?pretty=true
    curl -XGET http://localhost:9200/_nodes/192.168.1.2/stats?pretty=true
    curl -XGET http://localhost:9200/_nodes/process
    curl -XGET http://localhost:9200/_nodes/_all/process
    curl -XGET http://localhost:9200/_nodes/192.168.1.2,192.168.1.3/jvm,process
    curl -XGET http://localhost:9200/_nodes/192.168.1.2,192.168.1.3/info/jvm,process
    curl -XGET http://localhost:9200/_nodes/192.168.1.2,192.168.1.3/_all
    curl -XGET http://localhost:9200/_nodes/hot_threads
    

    cluster操作

    # 1、查询设置集群状态
    curl -XGET localhost:9200/_cluster/health?pretty=true
    pretty=true表示格式化输出
    level=indices 表示显示索引状态
    level=shards 表示显示分片信息
    # 2、显示集群系统信息,包括CPU JVM等等
    curl -XGET localhost:9200/_cluster/stats?pretty=true
    # 3、集群的详细信息。包括节点、分片
    curl -XGET localhost:9200/_cluster/state?pretty=true
    # 4、获取集群堆积的任务
    curl -XGET localhost:9200/_cluster/pending_tasks?pretty=true
    # 3、修改集群配置
    curl -XPUT localhost:9200/_cluster/settings -d '{
        "persistent" : {
            "discovery.zen.minimum_master_nodes" : 2
        }
    }'
    transient 表示临时的,persistent表示永久的
    # 4、对shard的手动控制,参考http://zhaoyanblog.com/archives/687.html
    curl -XPOST localhost:9200/_cluster/reroute -d `xxxxxx`
    # 5、关闭节点, 关闭指定192.168.1.1节点
    curl -XPOST http://192.168.1.1:9200/_cluster/nodes/_local/_shutdown
    curl -XPOST http://localhost:9200/_cluster/nodes/192.168.1.1/_shutdown
    关闭主节点
    curl -XPOST http://localhost:9200/_cluster/nodes/_master/_shutdown
    关闭整个集群
    $ curl -XPOST http://localhost:9200/_shutdown?delay=10s
    $ curl -XPOST http://localhost:9200/_cluster/nodes/_shutdown
    $ curl -XPOST http://localhost:9200/_cluster/nodes/_all/_shutdown
    delay=10s表示延迟10秒关闭
    

    索引操作

    # 1、获取索引
    curl -XGET http://localhost:9200/{index}/{type}/{id}
    # 2、索引数据
    curl -XPOST http://localhost:9200/{index}/{type}/{id} -d'{"a":"avalue","b":"bvalue"}'
    # 3、删除索引
    curl -XDELETE http://localhost:9200/{index}/{type}/{id}
    # 4、设置mapping
    curl -XPUT http://localhost:9200/{index}/{type}/_mapping -d '{
            "{type}" : {
                "properties" : {
                    "date" : {
                    "type" : "long"
                    },
                    "name" : {
                    "type" : "string",
                    "index" : "not_analyzed"
                    },
                    "status" : {
                    "type" : "integer"
                    },
                    "type" : {
                    "type" : "integer"
                    }
                }
            }
        }'
    # 5、获取mapping
    curl -XGET http://localhost:9200/{index}/{type}/_mapping
    # 6、搜索
    curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/{index}/{type}/_search' -d '{
        "query" : {
            "term" : { "user" : "kimchy" } //查所有 "match_all": {}
        },
        "sort" : [{ "age" : {"order" : "asc"}},{ "name" : "desc" } ],
        "from":0,
        "size":100
    }'
    curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/{index}/{type}/_search' -d '{
        "filter": {"and":{"filters":[{"term":{"age":"123"}},{"term":{"name":"张三"}}]},
        "sort" : [{ "age" : {"order" : "asc"}},{ "name" : "desc" } ],
        "from":0,
        "size":100
    }
    

    golang使用ES

    连接ES

    package main
    import (
        "github.com/elastic/go-elasticsearch"
        "log"
    )
    func main() {
        // NewDefaultClient 默认客户端 127.0.0.1:9200
         cfg := elasticsearch.Config{
            Addresses: []string{
                "http://localhost:9200",
                "http://localhost:9201",
            },
            // ...
        }
        es, err := elasticsearch.NewClient(cfg)
        if err != nil {
            log.Fatalf("Error creating the client: %s", err)
        }
     
        // 获取 当前es的详细信息
        res, err := es.Info()
        if err != nil {
            log.Fatalf("Error getting response: %s", err)
        }
        defer res.Body.Close()
        log.Printf("%#v\n",res)
        log.Printf("%v\n",res)
    }
    

    新增

    package main
    import (
        "context"
        "encoding/json"
        "github.com/elastic/go-elasticsearch"
        "github.com/elastic/go-elasticsearch/esapi"
        "log"
        "strconv"
        "strings"
    )
    func main() {
        // NewDefaultClient 默认客户端 127.0.0.1:9200
         cfg := elasticsearch.Config{
            Addresses: []string{
                "http://localhost:9200",
            },
            // ...
        }
        es, err := elasticsearch.NewClient(cfg)
        if err != nil {
            log.Fatalf("Error creating the client: %s", err)
        }
     
        // 获取 当前es的详细信息
        res, err := es.Info()
        if err != nil {
            log.Fatalf("Error getting response: %s", err)
        }
        defer res.Body.Close()
        for i, title := range []string{"Test One", "Test Two"} {
            var b strings.Builder
            b.WriteString(`{"title" : "`)
            b.WriteString(title)
            b.WriteString(`"}`)
            req := esapi.IndexRequest{
                Index:               "test",
                DocumentType:        "",
                DocumentID:          strconv.Itoa(i+1),
                Body:                strings.NewReader(b.String()),
                Refresh:             "true",
            }
            res, err := req.Do(context.Background(), es)
            if err != nil {
                log.Fatalf("Error getting response: %s", err)
            }
            defer res.Body.Close()
            if res.IsError() {
                log.Printf("[%s] Error indexing document ID=%d", res.Status(), i+1)
            } else {
                // Deserialize the response into a map.
                var r map[string]interface{}
                if err := json.NewDecoder(res.Body).Decode(&r); err != nil {
                    log.Printf("Error parsing the response body: %s", err)
                }else {
                    // 打印响应状态和索引文档版本.
                    log.Printf("[%s] %s; version=%d", res.Status(), r["result"], int(r["_version"].(float64)))
                }
            }
        }
    }
    

    查询

    package main
    import (
        "bytes"
        "context"
        "encoding/json"
        "github.com/elastic/go-elasticsearch"
        "log"
        "strings"
    )
    func main() {
        // NewDefaultClient 默认客户端 127.0.0.1:9200
         cfg := elasticsearch.Config{
            Addresses: []string{
                "http://localhost:9200",
            },
            // ...
        }
        es, err := elasticsearch.NewClient(cfg)
        if err != nil {
            log.Fatalf("Error creating the client: %s", err)
        }
     
        // 获取 当前es的详细信息
        res, err := es.Info()
        if err != nil {
            log.Fatalf("Error getting response: %s", err)
        }
        defer res.Body.Close()
        
        var buf bytes.Buffer
        query :=map[string]interface{}{
            "query":map[string]interface{}{
                "match":map[string]interface{}{
                    "title":"test",
                },
            },
        }
        if err := json.NewEncoder(&buf).Encode(query); err != nil {
            log.Fatalf("Error encoding query: %s", err)
        }
    
        // 执行搜索请求.
        res, err = es.Search(
            es.Search.WithContext(context.Background()),
            es.Search.WithIndex("test"),
            es.Search.WithBody(&buf),
            es.Search.WithTrackTotalHits(true),
            es.Search.WithPretty(),
        )
        if err != nil {
            log.Fatalf("Error getting response: %s", err)
        }
        defer res.Body.Close()
    
        if res.IsError() {
            var e map[string]interface{}
            if err := json.NewDecoder(res.Body).Decode(&e); err != nil {
                log.Fatalf("Error parsing the response body: %s", err)
            }else {
                // Print the response status and error information.
                log.Fatalf("[%s] %s: %s",
                    res.Status(),
                    e["error"].(map[string]interface{})["type"],
                    e["error"].(map[string]interface{})["reason"],
                )
            }
        }
        var r map[string]interface{}
        if err := json.NewDecoder(res.Body).Decode(&r); err != nil {
            log.Fatalf("Error parsing the response body: %s", err)
        }
        // 打印响应状态,结果数和请求持续时间.
        log.Printf(
            "[%s] %d hits; took: %dms",
            res.Status(),
            int(r["hits"].(map[string]interface{})["total"].(map[string]interface{})["value"].(float64)),
            int(r["took"].(float64)),
        )
        // 打印每次匹配的ID和文档来源.
        for _, hit :=range r["hits"].(map[string]interface{})["hits"].([]interface{}) {
            log.Printf(" * ID=%s, %s", hit.(map[string]interface{})["_id"], hit.(map[string]interface{})["_source"])
        }
        log.Println(strings.Repeat("=", 37))
    }
    

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