今天使用npm安装nodejieba，遇到不少问题，在此记录一下。
安装前环境：
win10
x64
node v10.14.2
vs2015+vs2017
python 3.8.0
由于使用npm安装nodejieba必须进行编译，于是有了以下这些问题：
python版本问题
gyp ERR! stack Error: Command failed: C:\Users\fygame\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python38\python.EXE -c import sys; print "%s.%s.%s" % sys.version_info[:3];
gyp ERR! stack File "<string>", line 1
gyp ERR! stack import sys; print "%s.%s.%s" % sys.version_info[:3];
gyp ERR! stack ^
gyp ERR! stack SyntaxError: invalid syntax
从以上出错信息可以得知，import sys; print "%s.%s.%s" % sys.version_info[:3];是python2的语法，由于我安装的是python 3.8，所以提示语法错误。
解决方案
安装python2，我安装的是python 2.7。不用担心，python2和python3可以同时兼容安装的。安装后请确保将python2的安装目录添加到环境变量Path中（确保python2的路径在python3之前，这样优先使用python2）。
顺带附一下如何指定python2/3：
C:\Users\fygame>py -2
Python 2.7 (r27:82525, Jul 4 2010, 07:43:08) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()
C:\Users\fygame>py -3
Python 3.8.0 (tags/v3.8.0:fa919fd, Oct 14 2019, 19:37:50) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()
VS程序集问题
F:\tgit\jiebatest>npm i nodejieba --msvs_version=2015
> nodejieba@2.4.1 install F:\tgit\jiebatest\node_modules\nodejieba
> node-pre-gyp install --fallback-to-build
node-pre-gyp WARN Using needle for node-pre-gyp https download
node-pre-gyp WARN Tried to download(404): https://github.com/yanyiwu/nodejieba/releases/download/2.4.1/nodejieba-v2.4.1-node-v64-win32-x64.tar.gz
node-pre-gyp WARN Pre-built binaries not found for nodejieba@2.4.1 and node@10.14.2 (node-v64 ABI, unknown) (falling back to source compile with node-gyp)
在此解决方案中一次生成一个项目。若要启用并行生成，请添加“/m”开关。
F:\tgit\jiebatest\node_modules\nodejieba\build\nodejieba.vcxproj(20,3): error MSB4019: 未找到导入的项目“C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft.Cpp\v
4.0\V110\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props”。请确认 <Import> 声明中的路径正确，且磁盘上存在该文件。
gyp ERR! build error
gyp ERR! stack Error: `msbuild` failed with exit code: 1
gyp ERR! stack at ChildProcess.onExit (C:\Program Files\nodejs\node_modules\npm\node_modules\node-gyp\lib\build.js:262:23)
gyp ERR! stack at ChildProcess.emit (events.js:182:13)
gyp ERR! stack at Process.ChildProcess._handle.onexit (internal/child_process.js:240:12)
gyp ERR! System Windows_NT 10.0.19041
gyp ERR! command "C:\\Program Files\\nodejs\\node.exe" "C:\\Program Files\\nodejs\\node_modules\\npm\\node_modules\\node-gyp\\bin\\node-gyp.js" "build" "--fallback-to-build" "--module=F:\\tgit\\jiebatest\\node_modules\\nodejieba\\build\\Release\\nodejieba.node" "--module_name=nodejieba" "--module_path=F:\\tgit\\jiebatest\\node_modules\\nodejieba\\build\\Release" "--napi_version=3" "--node_abi_napi=napi" "--napi_build_version=0" "--node_napi_label=node-v64"
gyp ERR! cwd F:\tgit\jiebatest\node_modules\nodejieba
gyp ERR! node -v v10.14.2
gyp ERR! node-gyp -v v3.8.0
gyp ERR! not ok
关键信息是：error MSB4019: 未找到导入的项目“C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft.Cpp\v 4.0\V110\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props”。
打开相应目录，可以看到我安装的程序集是V140，这也是vs2015对应的程序集。
image.png
网上有人说，可以通过命令
npm i nodejieba --msvs_version=2015解决，不过我试了没用。也有人说
npm config set msvs_version=2015，试了也是一样的结果。于是我又试了一下
npm config set msvs_version=2017，又提示：
KeyError:2017
于是，找到下面这篇文章：https://blog.csdn.net/yqq1997/article/details/85231849
解决方案
set VCTargetsPath=C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\Microsoft.Cpp\v4.0\V140
当然，为了后续方便，也可以将VCTargetsPath添加到系统环境变量中。重新安装，成功！
F:\tgit\jiebatest>npm i nodejieba
> nodejieba@2.4.1 install F:\tgit\jiebatest\node_modules\nodejieba
> node-pre-gyp install --fallback-to-build
node-pre-gyp WARN Using needle for node-pre-gyp https download
node-pre-gyp WARN Tried to download(404): https://github.com/yanyiwu/nodejieba/releases/download/2.4.1/nodejieba-v2.4.1-node-v64-win32-x64.tar.gz
node-pre-gyp WARN Pre-built binaries not found for nodejieba@2.4.1 and node@10.14.2 (node-v64 ABI, unknown) (falling back to source compile with node-gyp)
在此解决方案中一次生成一个项目。若要启用并行生成，请添加“/m”开关。
index.cpp
nodejieba.cpp
win_delay_load_hook.cc
Creating library F:\tgit\jiebatest\node_modules\nodejieba\build\Release\nodejieba.lib and object F:\tgit\jiebatest\node_modules\nodejieba
\build\Release\nodejieba.exp
Generating code
All 3448 functions were compiled because no usable IPDB/IOBJ from previous compilation was found.
Finished generating code
nodejieba.vcxproj -> F:\tgit\jiebatest\node_modules\nodejieba\build\Release\\nodejieba.node
nodejieba.vcxproj -> F:\tgit\jiebatest\node_modules\nodejieba\build\Release\nodejieba.pdb (Full PDB)
npm notice created a lockfile as package-lock.json. You should commit this file.
npm WARN jiebatest@1.0.0 No description
npm WARN jiebatest@1.0.0 No repository field.
+ nodejieba@2.4.1
added 1 package from 1 contributor in 14.833s
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