obtain---v.获得；得到
It involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.
obtainable---adj.可获得的；可取得的
gain---v.获得，赢得
derive--v.获得；取得；(使)起源于；(使)来自
The supposed(所谓的) importance of influentials derives from a plausible(似是而非的) sounding but largely untested theory called the "two step flow(裂纹) of communication": Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else.
characterize---v.使具有特点；描述
be characterized by---被描述为...；具有....的特征
He argued that human evolution was characterized by a struggle he called the "survival of the fittest(适者生存)," in which weaker races(种族) and societies must eventually be replaced by stronger, more advanced races and societies.
misconception and deceptiveness---误解性和欺骗性
portray---v.描绘；描述
Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.
dipict---v.描绘；描述
decline---v.衰落；下降；下倾；倾斜 n.下降；下倾；衰落；拒绝；谢绝
Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it.
on the decline---在衰退中
descend---v.下来；下降；降低身份；沦落；(大批人)突然到来，突然造访
scold---骂；责备
decrease---v.减少；减小
former---adj.先前的，从前的；前者；前一个 pron.两者之间的前者
In the former case the education is incidental(偶然的); it is natual and important, but it is not the express reason(快速，名确的理由) of the association(团体).
form---n.形式；形状；外形；方式；表格 v.形成；组成；排列；组织；产生；塑造
At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, "the great books are read because they have been read"—they form a sort of(一种) social glue(社会粘合剂).
This is a subtle(微妙的) form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate(模仿) the behavior we see every day.
formal---adj.正式的；规范的；(服饰)适合正式场合的；整齐的；规矩的；(通常指学校教育)正规的 n.须穿礼服的舞会；晚礼服
A lack of formal education, however, doesn't constrain(限制) the ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially(基本上的；大大地) improve productivity for the future.
formula---n.原则；规则；方案；方法；公式，方程式
The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of southern states in the Electoral College.
perform---v.做；执行；表演
Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experiments animals would perform on humans if they had the chance.
performer---n.演出者；表演者；表现...的人
Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits(追求的事业), including soccer.
One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record.
performance---n.执行；履行；表演；行为；业绩；性能
Like other human beings, he encounters(遭遇) moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties—he is not supposed to cook(伪造) his experiments, manufacture(捏造) evidence, or doctor(篡改) his reports.
performative---adj.表述行为的
formation---n.形成；养成；创建；创造；编队；列队
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