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synchronized、wait、notifyAll

synchronized、wait、notifyAll

作者: Fakecoder_Sunis | 来源:发表于2018-10-24 11:06 被阅读0次

    转自,感谢原作者

    内置锁在Java语言中的表现:

    多线程的锁,其实本质上就是给一块内存空间的访问添加访问权限,因为Java中是没有办法直接对某一块内存进行操作的,又因为Java是面向对象的语言,一切皆对象,所以具体的表现就是某一个对象承担锁的功能,每一个对象都可以是一个锁。内置锁,使用方式就是使用 synchronized 关键字,synchronized 方法或者 synchronized 代码块。

    每一种 synchronized 写法的锁是哪个对象:

    1、指定当前对象加锁:

    private synchronized void function() {
            //TODO execute something
        }
    

    2、指定当前类的Class对象加锁:

    private static synchronized void function() {
            //TODO execute something
        }
    

    注意此处的 static 关键字。

    3、指定任意对象加锁:

    private void function() {
        synchronized (object) {
            //TODO execute something
        }
    }
    

    此时,这段同步代码块的锁加在object对象上面。该对象可以是当前对象(object == this),也可以是当前类的Class对象(object == MyClass.class)。

    简单验证一下:

    现有如下的类:

    public class SynchronizedTest {
        private Object lock = new Object();
    
        public void synchronizedBlockOnObject(long executeTime) {
            synchronized (lock) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " -> start synchronizedBlockOnObject");
                doSomething(executeTime);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " -> end synchronizedBlockOnObject");
            }
        }
    
        public void synchronizedBlockOnThis(long executeTime) {
            synchronized (this) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " -> start synchronizedBlockOnThis");
                doSomething(executeTime);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " -> end synchronizedBlockOnThis");
            }
        }
    
        public void synchronizedBlockOnClass(long executeTime) {
            synchronized (SynchronizedTest.class) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " -> start synchronizedBlockOnClass");
                doSomething(executeTime);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " -> end synchronizedBlockOnClass");
            }
        }
    
        public synchronized void synchronizedMethodOnThis(long executeTime) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " -> start synchronizedMethodOnThis");
            doSomething(executeTime);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " -> end synchronizedMethodOnThis");
        }
    
        public static synchronized void synchronizedMethodOnClass(long executeTime) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " -> start synchronizedMethodOnClass");
            doSomething(executeTime);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " -> end synchronizedMethodOnClass");
        }
    
        private static void doSomething(long executeTime) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(executeTime);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    

    1、static synchronized 方法 和 synchronized (MyClass.class) {} 同步代码块的锁都加在 MyClass.class 对象上面:

    public static void main(String[] args) {
            SynchronizedTest synchronizedTest = new SynchronizedTest();
            
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    SynchronizedTest.synchronizedMethodOnClass(3000);
                }
            }, "Thread static synchronized method").start();
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    synchronizedTest.synchronizedBlockOnClass(2000);
                }
            }, "Thread synchronized block on Class").start();
        }
    

    运行结果如下:

    Thread static synchronized method -> start synchronizedMethodOnClass
    Thread static synchronized method -> end synchronizedMethodOnClass
    Thread synchronized block on Class -> start synchronizedBlockOnClass
    Thread synchronized block on Class -> end synchronizedBlockOnClass
    

    说明当线程 Thread static synchronized method 进入方法 synchronizedMethodOnClass 的时候,线程Thread synchronized block on Class 是不能进入synchronizedBlockOnClass 代码块的。

    2、非 static 的 synchronized 方法和 synchronized (this) {} 同步代码块的锁都加在当前对象上面:

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SynchronizedTest synchronizedTest = new SynchronizedTest();
    
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                synchronizedTest.synchronizedMethodOnThis(3000);
            }
        }, "Thread non-static synchronized method").start();
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                synchronizedTest.synchronizedBlockOnThis(2000);
            }
        }, "Thread synchronized block on this").start();
    }
    

    运行结果如下:

    Thread non-static synchronized method -> start synchronizedMethodOnThis
    Thread non-static synchronized method -> end synchronizedMethodOnThis
    Thread synchronized block on this -> start synchronizedBlockOnThis
    Thread synchronized block on this -> end synchronizedBlockOnThis
    

    说明当线程 Thread non-static synchronized method 进入方法 synchronizedMethodOnThis 的时候,线程Thread synchronized block on this 是不能进入synchronizedBlockOnThis 代码块的。

    3、当锁加在 MyClass.class 、 this 、 任意对象,这三种情况,起不到任何同步作用:

    public static void main(String[] args) {
            SynchronizedTest synchronizedTest = new SynchronizedTest();
    
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    synchronizedTest.synchronizedMethodOnThis(3000);
                }
            }, "Thread non-static synchronized method").start();
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    SynchronizedTest.synchronizedMethodOnClass(2000);
                }
            }, "Thread static sybchronized method").start();
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    synchronizedTest.synchronizedBlockOnObject(4000);
                }
            }, "Thread sybchronized block on other Object").start();
        }
    

    运行结果如下:

    Thread non-static synchronized method -> start synchronizedMethodOnThis
    Thread static sybchronized method -> start synchronizedMethodOnClass
    Thread sybchronized block on other Object -> start synchronizedBlockOnObject
    Thread static sybchronized method -> end synchronizedMethodOnClass
    Thread non-static synchronized method -> end synchronizedMethodOnThis
    Thread sybchronized block on other Object -> end synchronizedBlockOnObject
    

    说明当锁没有加在同一个对象上的时候,起不到线程间的同步作用。

    Object中对内置锁进行操作的一些方法:

    wait()系列:

    wait()系列方法的作用是:使当前已经获得该对象锁的线程进入等待状态,并且释放该对象的锁。

    notify()系列:

    notify()系列方法的作用是:唤醒那些正在等待该对象锁的线程,使其继续运行。

    基于wait() notify()机制,我们可以实现一个简易的生产者-消费者模型。

    大体思路如下,一个生产者线程负责向一个仓库中存放(put)物品,一个消费者线程负责从仓库中取出(get)物品。

    代码如下:

    public class Warehouse {
    
        private Queue<Integer> queue;
        private int capacity;
    
        public Warehouse(int capacity) {
            this.capacity = capacity;
            queue = new LinkedList();
        }
    
        public synchronized void put(int num) {
            if (queue.size() >= capacity) {
                try {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " , put full wait");
                    wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            queue.add(num);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " , put : " + num + "  , queue -> " + queue);
            notifyAll();
        }
    
        public synchronized int get() {
            if (queue.isEmpty()) {
                try {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " , get empty wait");
                    wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            int num = queue.poll();
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " , get : " + num + "  , queue -> " + queue);
            notifyAll();
            return num;
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
            Warehouse warehouse = new Warehouse(4);
            Random random = new Random();
    
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    while (true) {
                        warehouse.put(random.nextInt(10));
                        try {
                            Thread.sleep(1000);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }
            }, "生产者-01").start();
    
            new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    while (true) {
                        warehouse.get();
                        try {
                            Thread.sleep(2000);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }
            }, "消费者-01").start();
        }
    

    运行结果如下:

    生产者-01 , put : 5  , queue -> [5]
    消费者-01 , get : 5  , queue -> []
    生产者-01 , put : 7  , queue -> [7]
    消费者-01 , get : 7  , queue -> []
    生产者-01 , put : 9  , queue -> [9]
    生产者-01 , put : 7  , queue -> [9, 7]
    消费者-01 , get : 9  , queue -> [7]
    生产者-01 , put : 0  , queue -> [7, 0]
    生产者-01 , put : 5  , queue -> [7, 0, 5]
    消费者-01 , get : 7  , queue -> [0, 5]
    生产者-01 , put : 9  , queue -> [0, 5, 9]
    生产者-01 , put : 6  , queue -> [0, 5, 9, 6]
    消费者-01 , get : 0  , queue -> [5, 9, 6]
    生产者-01 , put : 4  , queue -> [5, 9, 6, 4]
    生产者-01 , put full wait
    消费者-01 , get : 5  , queue -> [9, 6, 4]
    生产者-01 , put : 6  , queue -> [9, 6, 4, 6]
    生产者-01 , put full wait
    消费者-01 , get : 9  , queue -> [6, 4, 6]
    生产者-01 , put : 2  , queue -> [6, 4, 6, 2]
    生产者-01 , put full wait
    消费者-01 , get : 6  , queue -> [4, 6, 2]
    生产者-01 , put : 9  , queue -> [4, 6, 2, 9]
    生产者-01 , put full wait
    消费者-01 , get : 4  , queue -> [6, 2, 9]
    生产者-01 , put : 7  , queue -> [6, 2, 9, 7]
    生产者-01 , put full wait
    消费者-01 , get : 6  , queue -> [2, 9, 7]
    生产者-01 , put : 2  , queue -> [2, 9, 7, 2]
    

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