14.1-Knowing Yourself-Critical thinking Inventory
了解自己之批判性思考清单
Why-为什么
The following questions will help you take inventory of the habits and attitudes that affect your thinking.
下面的问题会为你盘点【影响你思考的】习惯和态度。
How-怎么做
- Exactly what influences have shapes my identifity? How have they done so? How has my self-image been affected? In what situations am I less an individual because of those influences?
究竟是什么影响了我的身份？它们是怎么做到的？我的自我形象是怎么受到影响的？ 在什么情况下我会因为这些影响变得不那么独立？
- In what ways am I like the good thinker? In what ways like the poor thinker? What kind of situations seem to bring out my best and worst qualities?
我在哪些方面像个好的思考者？ 在哪些方面像个不好的思考者？在哪些情况下会激发我最好的和最坏的品质？
- To what extent has my perspective on truth been reasonable?
我对真理的观点在多大程度是合理的？
- How careful am I about separating hearsay and rumor from fact? About distinguishing the known from assumptions or guesses? How difficult is it for me to say I don't know?
我有多仔细把传闻和谣言从事实中分离出来？ 从假设和猜测中区分出已知的东西？ 我有多难说出“我不知道”
- How consistent am I in taking the trouble to make my opinions informed?
我是否始终如一的不厌其烦的发表自己的观点？
- To what extent do I think that "mine is better" (not only the personal "mine" but the ethnocentric "mine" as well)? In what way has this kind of thinking affected my view of personal problem and public issue? To what extent does it affect my ability to listen to those who disagree with me? My ability to control my emotions? My willingness to change my mind and revise a judgment?
我有多大程度上认为“我的更好”？（不仅是个人的，还是种族的）。这种想法在哪方面影响我【对个人问题和公共问题】的看法？它在多大程度上影响我【倾听反对我意见的人】的能力？我控制情绪的能力？我改变主意和修正判断的能力？
- In waht matters am I inclined to assume too much, take too much for granted?
是什么事情倾向于假设太多，认为大多是理所当然的？
- To what degree do I tend to have the either/or outlook, expecting that the right answer will alway be extreme and never moderate?
我有多大程度上倾向于非此即彼的观点？期望正确的答案总是极端的而不是温和的？
- To what or to whom do I feel the strongest urge to conform? In what situations has this conformist tendency interfered with my judgment?
是什么或者是谁会让我有强烈的顺从的冲动？ 是在什么情况下这种墨守成规的 倾向会干扰我的判断呢？
- Do I tend to be an absolutist, demanding that truth be neat and simple, or a relativist, claming that everyone creates his or her own truth? In what ways has my characteristic tendency hindered my developmnet as a critical thinker?
我是倾向于作为一个绝对主义论者，要求真理简单整洁，还是作为一个相对主义论者，声称每个人都有自己的真理？ 是哪方面的个性倾向阻碍我【】成为一个批判性思考者的发展。
- In waht matters am I most biased toward change? Am I overly accepting of change or overly resistant ot it? What is the cause of this tendency and how can I best control it?
是什么事情我更倾向于改变？ 我是过度接受还是过度抵抗这种改变？ 这种倾向的原因是什么？ 我怎样才能更好的加以控制？
- In waht situations do I seek to confirm my biases rather than control them? In what situations do I interpret evidence in a way that flatters my bias?
在什么情况下我寻求确认我的偏见而不是控制它？ 在什么情况下我对证据的解读在某种程度上迎合我的偏见？
- How often do I approach issue with a double standard, overlooking flaws in arguments that agree with mine and nitpicking those that disagree?
我是否经常用双重标准处理问题？ 忽视【与我一致的论点的】缺陷和对不一致的吹毛求疵？
- To what extent do I tend to jump to conclusions? Do I tend to do so more in certain areas? If so, which? Do I draw my conclusions prematurely purely for the sake of convenience? Am I motivated by the desire to sound authoritative and impress people?
我有多大程度上倾向于草率地下结论？ 我是否【在某些领域】更倾向于这样做？如果是，是哪些？ 我是否【纯粹为了方便】过早的得出结论？我的动机是想让自己显得权威和给人留下深刻印象吗？
- To what extent do I overgeneralize? What kind of stereotypes do I most readily accept? Racial? Religious? Ethnic?
我有多大程度上笼统地概括？ 什么类型的传统我更容易接受？ 种族的？ 宗教的？少数民族的？
- To waht extend do I oversimplify complex matters? Am I simply unwilling to take the trouble to learn the truth in its complexity? Or do I feel threatened by answers that are not neat and tidy? What has made me this way?
我在多大程度上把复杂问题简单化了？ 难道我仅仅是不愿意花费力气去了解复杂的真相吗？ 还是我对【不整洁的】答案感到威胁？ 是什么让我变成这样？
- What errors of expression do I most often commit? Reasoning that if B follows A, A must be the cause of B? Shifting the issue to avoid difficlut or embarrassing discussions? Contradicting myself? Arguing in a cricle? Making meaningless statements? Confusing real with bogus authorities? Making false analogies? Using irrational appeals?
我最常犯的表达错误是什么？ 如果B跟随A，A一定是B的原因吗？ 转移话题以避免困难的或尴尬的讨论？ 自相矛盾？ 围成一圈争吵？ 毫无意义的陈述？ 混合真实和虚假的权威？ 做了错误的类比？使用了不合理的诉求？
- Which of the following errors are most characteristic of my reponses to challenges and criticism of my ideas: automatic rejection? shifting the burden of proof? straw man? attacking the critic rather than discussing the issue?
哪一种错误是【在我的想法收到质疑和批评时】最典型的反应？ 自动拒绝？ 转移举证责任？ 稻草人谬误？ 攻击批评界而不是讨论问题？
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