Android自定义View(19) 《自定义ViewGroup

作者: 非典型程序猿 | 来源:发表于2021-10-06 17:52 被阅读0次

概述

在日常的开发中我们有时候会需要按需求自己定制一个ViewGroup,今天就用一个简单的例子说一下自定义ViewGroup的大致流程

运行效果

customLayout.png

这也就是大家常说的流式布局，这种布局一般在搜索功能或历史记录的展现中常用，今天就用这个例子来记录自定义ViewGroup的步骤

整体思路

我们知道，在自定义View中绘制大体分为3步

1.onMeasure()函数测量自身的大小
2.onLayout() 定位自身的位置
3.onDraw() 绘制自身的内容
而在自定义ViewGroup中，它更重要的是展示多个子控件，自身的一些界面上的展示其实是次要的，所以我们在自定义ViewGroup中重点关心一下两个函数

override fun onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec: Int, heightMeasureSpec: Int) {
        super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec)
}

这个onMeasure主要是负责在绘制前的一次测量，这次测量会给后面的布局作为参考，要注意，只是参考，最终的控件大小和位置是需要重新确认的

override fun onLayout(changed: Boolean, left: Int, top: Int, right: Int, bottom: Int) {
}

onLayout函数主要是负责具体的子控件布局，通过子控件调用layout来放置在具体的位置上，最终的显示大小也是这里确认的，而不是在onMeasure()中确认的

MeasureSpec类用法

1.MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED 父控件不对子控件增加任何约束
2.MeasureSpec.EXACTLY 父控件会约束子控件，子控件的大小在父控件内部
3.MeasureSpec.AT_MOST 子控件最多达到多少指定大小
我们需要在onMeasure()中测量出父控件的大小，同时也要测量出子控件的大小，这里测量的代码是这样的

  override fun onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec: Int, heightMeasureSpec: Int) {
        super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec)
        var measureWidth = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec)
        var measureHeight = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec)
        var measureWidthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec)
        var measureHeightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec)

        Log.d(tag,"onMeasure measureWidth +$measureWidth +\n " +
                "measureHeight +$measureHeight +\n" +
                "measureWidthMode +$measureWidthMode +\n" +
                "measureHeightMode +$measureHeightMode +\n")

        var w = 0
        var h = 0
        if (measureWidthMode==MeasureSpec.EXACTLY){
            w=measureWidth
        }
        if (measureHeightMode==MeasureSpec.EXACTLY){
            h=measureHeight
        }
        for (index in 0 until childCount){
            var child = getChildAt(index)
            measureChild(child,widthMeasureSpec,heightMeasureSpec)
        }
        setMeasuredDimension(w,h)
    }

在onLayout()函数中布局子控件,由于时间关系，这个例子我没有处理当子控件高度不一致的时候的显示，因为这涉及到更复杂的位置处理，这里我们只按统一高度处理作为示例，其他情况都可以举一反三啦

    override fun onLayout(changed: Boolean, left: Int, top: Int, right: Int, bottom: Int) {
        Log.d(tag,"onLayout ")
        var w = 0
        var h = 0
        for (index in 0 until childCount){
            var child = getChildAt(index)
            var top = 0
            var left = 0
            var right = 0
            var bottom = 0
            // 获取margin
            var lp = child.layoutParams as MarginLayoutParams
            var childWith = child.measuredWidth+lp.leftMargin+lp.rightMargin
            var childHeight = child.measuredHeight+lp.topMargin+lp.bottomMargin
            if (w+childWith<=measuredWidth){
                left = w+lp.leftMargin
                top = h+lp.topMargin
                right = w+childWith-lp.rightMargin
                bottom = h+childHeight-lp.bottomMargin
                w+=childWith
            }else{
                w=0
                h+=childHeight
                left = w+lp.leftMargin
                top = h+lp.topMargin
                right = w+childWith-lp.rightMargin
                bottom = h+childHeight-lp.bottomMargin
                w+=childWith
            }
            child.layout(left,top,right,bottom)
        }

    }

CustomLayout完整源码

package com.tx.txcustomview.view

import android.content.Context
import android.graphics.Canvas
import android.util.AttributeSet
import android.util.Log
import android.view.ViewGroup

/**
 * create by xu.tian
 * @date 2021/10/6
 */
class CustomLayout(context: Context?, attrs: AttributeSet?) : ViewGroup(context, attrs) {
    private val tag = "CustomLayout"
    override fun onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec: Int, heightMeasureSpec: Int) {
        super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec)
        var measureWidth = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec)
        var measureHeight = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec)
        var measureWidthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec)
        var measureHeightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec)

        Log.d(tag,"onMeasure measureWidth +$measureWidth +\n " +
                "measureHeight +$measureHeight +\n" +
                "measureWidthMode +$measureWidthMode +\n" +
                "measureHeightMode +$measureHeightMode +\n")

        var w = 0
        var h = 0
        if (measureWidthMode==MeasureSpec.EXACTLY){
            w=measureWidth
        }
        if (measureHeightMode==MeasureSpec.EXACTLY){
            h=measureHeight
        }
        for (index in 0 until childCount){
            var child = getChildAt(index)
            measureChild(child,widthMeasureSpec,heightMeasureSpec)
        }
        setMeasuredDimension(w,h)
    }

    override fun onSizeChanged(w: Int, h: Int, oldw: Int, oldh: Int) {
        super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh)
        Log.d(tag,"w $w h $h oldw $oldw oldh $oldh ")
    }


    override fun onLayout(changed: Boolean, left: Int, top: Int, right: Int, bottom: Int) {
        Log.d(tag,"onLayout ")
        var w = 0
        var h = 0
        for (index in 0 until childCount){
            var child = getChildAt(index)
            var top = 0
            var left = 0
            var right = 0
            var bottom = 0
            // 获取margin
            var lp = child.layoutParams as MarginLayoutParams
            var childWith = child.measuredWidth+lp.leftMargin+lp.rightMargin
            var childHeight = child.measuredHeight+lp.topMargin+lp.bottomMargin
            if (w+childWith<=measuredWidth){
                left = w+lp.leftMargin
                top = h+lp.topMargin
                right = w+childWith-lp.rightMargin
                bottom = h+childHeight-lp.bottomMargin
                w+=childWith
            }else{
                w=0
                h+=childHeight
                left = w+lp.leftMargin
                top = h+lp.topMargin
                right = w+childWith-lp.rightMargin
                bottom = h+childHeight-lp.bottomMargin
                w+=childWith
            }
            child.layout(left,top,right,bottom)
        }

    }
    override fun onDraw(canvas: Canvas?) {
        super.onDraw(canvas)
        Log.d(tag,"onDraw")
    }

    /**
     * 获取margin必须重写以下3个方法
     */
    override fun generateLayoutParams(p: LayoutParams?): LayoutParams {
        return MarginLayoutParams(p)
    }

    override fun generateLayoutParams(attrs: AttributeSet?): LayoutParams {
        return MarginLayoutParams(context,attrs)
    }

    override fun generateDefaultLayoutParams(): LayoutParams {
        return MarginLayoutParams(LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT,LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT)
    }

}

布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<com.tx.txcustomview.view.CustomLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@color/white">
    <TextView
        style="@style/text_style"
        android:text="杨幂" />

    <TextView
        style="@style/text_style"
        android:text="薛之谦" />

    <TextView
        style="@style/text_style"
        android:text="迪丽热巴" />

    <TextView
        style="@style/text_style"
        android:text="哈尼克孜" />

    <TextView
        style="@style/text_style"
        android:text="毛不易" />

    <TextView
        style="@style/text_style"
        android:text="易烊千玺" />

    <TextView
        style="@style/text_style"
        android:text="林俊杰" />

    <TextView
        style="@style/text_style"
        android:text="杨超越" />

    <TextView
        style="@style/text_style"
        android:text="杨洋" />

    <TextView
        style="@style/text_style"
        android:text="周杰伦" />

    <TextView
        style="@style/text_style"
        android:text="王俊凯" />

    <TextView
        style="@style/text_style"
        android:text="杨幂" />

    <TextView
        style="@style/text_style"
        android:text="薛之谦" />

    <TextView
        style="@style/text_style"
        android:text="迪丽热巴" />

    <TextView
        style="@style/text_style"
        android:text="哈尼克孜" />

    <TextView
        style="@style/text_style"
        android:text="毛不易" />

    <TextView
        style="@style/text_style"
        android:text="易烊千玺" />

    <TextView
        style="@style/text_style"
        android:text="林俊杰" />

    <TextView
        style="@style/text_style"
        android:text="杨超越" />

    <TextView
        style="@style/text_style"
        android:text="杨洋" />

    <TextView
        style="@style/text_style"
        android:text="周杰伦" />

    <TextView
        style="@style/text_style"
        android:text="王俊凯" />
</com.tx.txcustomview.view.CustomLayout>

Style

<style name="text_style">
        <item name="android:layout_width">wrap_content</item>
        <item name="android:layout_height">wrap_content</item>
        <item name="android:textSize">20sp</item>
        <item name="android:textColor">@color/white</item>
        <item name="android:layout_margin">5dp</item>
        <item name="android:gravity">center</item>
        <item name="android:paddingTop">5dp</item>
        <item name="android:paddingBottom">5dp</item>
        <item name="android:paddingLeft">10dp</item>
        <item name="android:paddingRight">10dp</item>
        <item name="android:background">@drawable/text_shape_bg</item>
    </style>

背景文件 text_shape_bg.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <corners android:radius="8dp"/>
    <stroke android:color="#777173"/>
    <solid android:color="#BDB9B9"/>
</shape>

总结

需要注意的是，如果需要获取子控件的margin，那么就要复写以下三个函数

 /**
     * 获取margin必须重写以下3个方法
     */
    override fun generateLayoutParams(p: LayoutParams?): LayoutParams {
        return MarginLayoutParams(p)
    }

    override fun generateLayoutParams(attrs: AttributeSet?): LayoutParams {
        return MarginLayoutParams(context,attrs)
    }

    override fun generateDefaultLayoutParams(): LayoutParams {
        return MarginLayoutParams(LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT,LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT)
    }

具体的使用在上面的源码里也有体现了，今天就先写到这，Respect ~

Android自定义View(19) 《自定义ViewGroup

概述

运行效果

整体思路

MeasureSpec类用法

CustomLayout完整源码

布局文件

Style

背景文件 text_shape_bg.xml

总结

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