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2018-05-04-拯救你的旧电脑:Ubuntu

2018-05-04-拯救你的旧电脑:Ubuntu

作者: 0xC00005 | 来源:发表于2018-05-07 08:41 被阅读0次

    前言

    Ubuntu真tm的好看【花痴脸】

    最近好用,最最重要的是比Windows好看多了嗷嗷

    可以推送代码,当VPS玩

    还可以当云盘存一些奇♂怪的东西而不用受到百度圣光的制裁

    还不快把你的旧电脑给我翻出来然后装上一个Ubuntu?

    正文

    其实主要是很多该死的库在Windows上面都没法兼容所以才去装的Ubuntu啊......
    【淦电脑扔在那里生灰尘还不如拉出来用来的实在】

    0x01 制作启动盘

    首先从Ubuntu官网上面把iso拉下来
    或者也可以选择我这边这个下载链接

    1.PNG
    选择第一个就可以了反正装了专业版的你又不会用【不小心说出实话】

    然后进入了一个奇怪的页面,说白了就是叫你给公司捐款来着
    【吸啊这么好的系统我可要喜加一】
    其实你可以直接选择跳过的,【伸手伸手伸手手】

    然后需要制作U盘启动盘,官方教程传送门
    官方推荐使用Rufus制作启动盘,下载链接

    • 首先你要准备一个2GB以上的质量过硬的品牌U盘,U盘将会被格式化

    为什么我说质量过硬,我来告诉你tm的垃圾劣质盘会在安装了一半的时候突然断开然后p都写不进去,淦
    珍爱生命,远离劣质U盘

    • 接着运行你的rufus,如果你的系统语言是中文的话就很好了界面全是中文的【顺便提一下软件的翻译者叫:没有这个人 】


      图源:莫烦Python

    警告:千万不要把usb的名字选错了等会儿把你的系统盘或者老婆盘给tm格式化了就美滋滋了

    有一些系统会叫你安装这个插件那个插件,我们奉行的原则就是一路给我‘ok’下去。

    好了现在连u盘启动盘也安排上了,

    你认为我会教你Bios嘛?【我自己都搞了半天】

    0x02 BIOS设置

    其实我真的搞不懂为什么每一个厂商的bios都tm的不一样,莓人性!

    惠普大法好,连BIOS都不用进去就可以安装我的天哪,【全党全军向hp学习!】

    开机狂按esc,暂停启动然后选择启动设备,连bios都不用美滋滋,
    这里选择你的U盘就好啦,保存退出电脑就会重启。


    2018-05-04-拯救你的旧电脑:Ubuntu 2018-05-04-拯救你的旧电脑:Ubuntu 2018-05-04-拯救你的旧电脑:Ubuntu

    再一次进入的时候已经是ubuntu的安装界面了美滋滋,
    然后就可以进入ubuntu的安装了

    0x03 Ubuntu安装

    开始两个界面,如果你只想尝试,就点击try Ubuntu,
    谁要尝试啊那么好的系统,装!install Ubuntu
    然后记得一定一定要选中文,不然到时候你会哭死


    图源:av12333531

    然后一路点击过去,这里不详细说了,神奇的破站上面都有

    直到分区设置,选择与Windows共存,然后下一步推荐菜鸟设置,如果你不把自己的磁盘格了不死心的话也可以尝试一下下面的这个表格

    推荐分区:


    推荐分区表

    PS:想我们这种菜鸟就不要选系统分区了直接装吧噗嗤

    常见问题

    扔一个视频吧:Ubuntu配置与安装

    0x04 更改软件源

    出于某些不适合不适合公开讨论的原因,ubuntu中国需要更改软件下载源,不然连update都卡死【档然了我就不需要了嘻嘻嘻】,
    第一种方法是在左下角桌面图标中找到软件更新,然后更改软件源,选择china,或者选择测试最佳软件源

    第二种
    使用命令行更换源的方法:修改/etc/apt/sources.list

    //进入sources文件夹
    cd /etc/apt
    
    //修改sources.list文件(要有管理员权限)
    sudo vi sources.list 
    
    //如果电脑没有安装vi编辑器的话可以使用sudo apt-get install vi来安装
    //或者也可以只用nano编辑器
    sudo nano sources.list
    
    //可以在修改前先对 sources.list文件进行备份
    //复制sources.list并另存为sources.list.bak
    sudo cp sources.list sources.list.bak
    

    然后复制下面的任意的一个源进去替换掉:

    3.1.1:阿里源:
    deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties
    deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
    deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse
    3.1.2:东北大学:
    deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties
    deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
    deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
    deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
    deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
    deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial universe
    deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
    deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
    deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
    deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties
    deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner
    deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
    deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties
    deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
    deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse
    3.1.3:清华大学:
    deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
    deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
    deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial universe
    deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
    deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
    deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse
    3.2:ubuntu 14.04 LTS
    3.2.1:Ubuntu 官方更新服务器(欧洲,此为官方源,国内较慢,但无同步延迟问题,电信、移动/铁通、联通等公网用户可以使用):
    deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    Ubuntu官方提供的其他软件(第三方闭源软件等):
    deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/ trusty partner
    deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main
    3.2.2:阿里云:
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    3.2.3:以下为有教育网接入的服务器(推荐教育网用户使用,部分非教育网用户也有可观的速度。教育网用户请优先使用IPv6地址。
    中国科学技术大学更新服务器(位于合肥,千兆教育网接入,百兆电信/联通线路智能路由),由中科大Linux 用户协会和中科大学网络信息中心维护,包含其他开源镜像,Deepin 官方服务器 实际亦指向此处:
    deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe
    deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
    deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
    deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe
    deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe
    deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe
    deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
    deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
    deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe
    deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe
    IPv6-Only 地址
    deb http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe
    deb http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
    deb http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
    deb http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe
    deb http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe
    deb-src http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main multiverse restricted universe
    deb-src http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
    deb-src http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
    deb-src http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main multiverse restricted universe
    deb-src http://mirrors6.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main multiverse restricted universe
    3.2.4搜狐更新服务器(山东联通千兆接入,官方中国大陆地区镜像跳转至此) ,包含其他开源镜像:
    deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    3.2.5:网易163更新服务器(广东广州电信/联通千兆双线接入),包含其他开源镜像:
    deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    

    0x05 网卡信号弱

    由于作者是hp笔记本,网卡是RTL系列的,这个系列在linux下面会有一点的不兼容,所以需要修改,
    从网上看到RTL8723系列网卡都有这个频繁掉线的问题,
    如果你发现你的网络状态良好的话,就不需要修改,但是如果出现windows下是满的,在ubuntu上面一格都不到的话就要修改了:

    在askubuntu上找到了解决方法,首先要查看本机的无线网卡型号:

    
    1 linuxidc@linuxidc:~$ lspci
    ..........
    08:00.0 Network controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter
    ..........
    

    无线网卡为RTL8723BE.

    查看RTL8723BE这块网卡驱动的参数信息,

    1 linuxidc@linuxidc:~$ modinfo rtl8723be
     2 filename:      /lib/modules/4.4.0-22-generic/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtlwifi/rtl8723be/rtl8723be.ko
     3 firmware:      rtlwifi/rtl8723befw.bin
     4 description:    Realtek 8723BE 802.11n PCI wireless
     5 license:        GPL
     6 author:        Realtek WlanFAE    <wlanfae@realtek.com>
     7 author:        PageHe    <page_he@realsil.com.cn>
     8 srcversion:    00619764255210776FAB54D
     9 alias:          pci:v000010ECd0000B723sv*sd*bc*sc*i*
    10 depends:        rtlwifi,rtl_pci,btcoexist,mac80211
    11 vermagic:      4.4.0-22-generic SMP mod_unload modversions 
    12 parm:          swlps:bool
    13 parm:          swenc:using hardware crypto (default 0 [hardware])
    14  (bool)
    15 parm:          ips:using no link power save (default 1 is open)
    16  (bool)
    17 parm:          fwlps:using linked fw control power save (default 1 is open)
    18  (bool)
    19 parm:          msi:Set to 1 to use MSI interrupts mode (default 0)
    20  (bool)
    21 parm:          debug:Set debug level (0-5) (default 0) (int)
    22 parm:          disable_watchdog:Set to 1 to disable the watchdog (default 0)
    23  (bool)
    24 parm:          ant_sel:Set to 1 or 2 to force antenna number (default 0)
    25  (int)
    

    看第12行到25行这几个参数,ips和fwlps是用来控制节能的,ant_sel是用来控制信号强度的.最主要的就是修改这几个参数的默认值.

    首先我们把配置驱动的文件打开

    linuxidc@linuxidc:~$ sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/rtl8723be.conf
    

    将如下参数黏贴到配置文件中:

    options rtl8723be debug=1
    options rtl8723be disable_watchdog=N
    options rtl8723be fwlps=Y
    options rtl8723be ips=Y
    options rtl8723be msi=N
    options rtl8723be swenc=N
    options rtl8723be swlps=N
    options rtl8723be ant_sel=2
    

    保存配置文件后,运行如下命令来应用配置

    linuxidc@linuxidc:~$ sudo modprobe -r rtl8723be
    linuxidc@linuxidc:~$ sudo modprobe rtl8723be
    

    是不是信号强了许多?

    0x06 无线wifi搜索不到信号

    运行下面命令:

    1.sudo atp-get update
    2.sudo atp-get install bcmwl-kernel-source
    

    搞定,摸爆

    后记

    这次可能是史上参考资料最多的一次,
    家里面信号断了,md摸到邻居洋人家上网,
    西方Capitalism黑科技,
    wifi升级 = 给自家盒子装上宇宙魔方,时空宝石
    把信号传输到墙里面在访问外网,tm的太感动了

    上一周颓废了,一周撸一道题目结果你tm的题目是有问题的、
    恶臭滑铁卢自爆,请【无慈悲】

    参考资料:
    Ubuntu 16.04无线网卡RTL8723BE频繁掉线及信号不足解决办法
    ubuntu16.04 14.04更换源
    ubuntu 14.04 无线wifi搜索不到信号
    ubuntu17.04安装教程(包括分区推荐)
    安装 Ubuntu 17.10

    最后的最后

    img文件夹下面第二个压♂缩♂包,自己下载,请

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