British food has a good reputation, but English cooking has a bad one. It is difficult to explain the reason for this. Unfortunately, however, superb raw ingredients are often mined from the kitchen so that they come to the table without any of the natural flavor and goodness.
British food has a good reputation（名声）, but English cooking has a bad one. It is difficult to explain the reason for this. Unfortunately, however, superb（丰盛的） raw（未加工的） ingredients（原料、要素） are often mined（被开采） from the kitchen so that they come to the table without any of the natural flavor（调味、韵味） and goodness（精华）.
英国食物在外的名声很好，但是英国的烹饪制作却有很差的名声。这是很难解释这个原因的。上好的原材料经常通过厨房端上桌子，然而不幸的是却失去了那些自然的风味和养分。
flavor：味、香料、韵味、特点、 给…调味、给…增添风趣
goodness：善良、上帝、 良好、精华、天哪，哎呀
superb：极好的、华丽的、雄伟的 superbly：雄伟地、壮丽地、上等地
superior：上级的、优秀的、出众的、高傲的
superficial：表面的、肤浅的
superfluity：奢侈品、额外、过剩
This bad reputation discourages a lot of people from eating in an English restaurant. If they do go to one, they are usually full of prejudice against the food. It is a pity, because there are excellent cooks in England, excellent restaurants, and excellent home-cooking. How, then, has the bad reputation been built up？
This bad reputation discourages（阻碍、沮丧） a lot of people from eating in an English restaurant. If they do go to one, they are usually full of prejudice（偏见） against the food. It is a pity, because there are excellent cooks in England, excellent restaurants, and excellent home-cooking. How, then, has the bad reputation been built up？
阻碍：hinder、impede、block、rejection、stunting、perhension、hold-up、blockage
沮丧：dispirited、dejected、dismay、dejection、discourage、dishearten
这个坏的名声使得很多人们不愿意在英国餐馆吃饭，就算他们前去，也经常对食物会先入为主地判断（不好吃）。这让人感到遗憾，因为在英国有很多优秀的厨师、优秀的餐馆、优秀的家庭烹饪。那么，这个坏名声是怎样建立起来的呢？
Perhaps one reason is that Britain’ s Industrial Revolution occurred very early, in the middle of the nineteenth century. As a result, the quality of food changed too.This was because Britain stopped being a largely agricultural country. The population of the towns increased enormously between 1840 and 1870, and people could no longer grow their own food, or buy it fresh from a farm. Huge quantities of food had to be taken to the towns, and a lot of it lost its freshness on the way.
Perhaps one reason is that Britain’ s Industrial Revolution occurred（发生） very early, in the middle of the nineteenth century. As a result, the quality（品质） of food changed too.This was because Britain stopped being a largely agricultural（农业） country. The population of the towns（乡镇） increased enormously（巨大的、很多的） between 1840 and 1870, and people could no longer grow their own food, or buy it fresh（新鲜的） from a farm. Huge quantities of food had to be taken to the towns, and a lot of it lost its freshness on the way（在路上）.
quality：质量，品质；美质，优点，才能，能力，技能，素养，品种
qualify：限制、证明…资格 quantity：数量、量、大量、总量
agricultural：农业 manufacture、industry：工业
manufacture：加工，制造，生产，捏造，虚构，从事制造，制造，制成品，产品，工业，工厂
industry：工业、产业（经济词汇）、工业界、勤劳
巨大：giant、gigantic、enormous、tremendous、huge、gigantic、immense
可能其中一个原因是英国的工业革命开始很早，在19世界中期。因此，食材的品质发生了变化。工业革命的兴起使得英国不再作为一个农业大国，在1840-1870年期间，城镇人口出现迅速增长，人们不再种植自己的粮食，或从农场购买新鲜的食物。大量的食物被运输到城镇时，大多数在运输的路上就已经失去了它们的新鲜度。
This lack of freshness was disguised by "dressing up" the food. The rich middle classes ate long elaborate meals which were cooked for them by French chefs. French became, and has remained, the official language of the dining room. Out-of-season delicacies were served in spite of their expense, for there were a large number of extremely wealthy people who wanted to establish themselves socially. The "look" of the food was more important than its taste.
This lack of freshness was disguised（被掩盖） by "dressing up（装扮）" the food. The rich middle classes（中产阶级） ate long elaborate（精致的） meals which were cooked for them by French chefs. French became, and has remained, the official language of the dining room. Out-of-season（过季节的） delicacies（精致食物） were served in spite of （尽管）their expense（花钱）, for（表原因） there were a large number of extremely（非常） wealthy people who wanted to establish themselves socially. The "look" of the food was more important than its taste.
尽管/虽然：despite、in spite of、 although、 feel free to、 not hesitate to
expense：费用、花费的钱、消耗、花钱的东西
extremely：极端地，非常，很，去，绝
缺乏新鲜的食物被通过“包装”来掩盖，富裕的中产阶级长时间吃着法国厨师为他们烹饪加工的这些食物，法语成为在厨房的官方语言，尽管过季节的食物价格很高，但仍然被供应给他们。因为许多极为富有的人们想以此（吃饭）来建立起他们的社交关系，因此食物的外表就远远比其味道更重要。
In the 1930s, the supply of servant began to decrease. People still tried to produce complicated dishes, however, but they economized on the preparation time. The Second World War made things even worse by making raw ingredients extremely scarce. As a result, there were many women who never had the opportunity to choose a piece of meat from a well-stocked butcher’ s shop, but were content and grateful to accept anything that was offered to them.
In the 1930s, the supply（供应） of servant（仆人、佣人） began to decrease. People still tried to produce complicated（复杂的） dishes, however, but they economized（节约） on the preparation time. The Second World War made things even worse by（表原因） making raw ingredients（原材料） extremely scarce（缺乏）. As a result, there were many women who never had the opportunity to choose a piece of meat from a well-stocked butcher（肉铺）’ s shop, but were content（满足） and grateful（令人愉快、感激的） to accept anything that was offered（提供、给予） to them.
content：内容，满足，（书等的）目录，容量，满足的
在1930年，社会上雇工的数量开始大量减少，（有钱的）人们仍然尝试去制作复杂的菜肴，但也会节省食物的准备时间。二战的开始使得这些事情变得更加糟糕，食物原材料紧缺问题导致许多妇女不仅没有机会到超市里选择自己满意的肉类，而且对于提供给他们的任何食材都会很满意并接受。
Food rationing continued in Britain until the early 1950s. It was only after this had stopped, and butter, eggs and cream became more plentiful, and it was possible to travel abroad again and taste other ways of preparing food, that the English difference to eating became replaced by a new enthusiasm for it.
Food rationing（定量供应） continued in Britain until the early 1950s. It was only after（直到） this had stopped, and butter（黄油）, eggs and cream became more plentiful（充足的）, and it was possible to travel abroad again and taste other ways of preparing food, that the English difference to eating became replaced（被替代） by a new enthusiasm（热情） for it.
充足的：adequate，sufficient，abundant， ample，abundance，flushness， plenty，liberality
abroad：国外的
aboard：在飞机上、船上、火车上
aborad：海外，…外
abound：富于、充满
abrade：擦伤、磨损
在英国，食物的定量供应一直持续到1950年，直到停止定量供应后，黄油、鸡蛋、奶油变得更充足，出国旅游、通过多种方式品尝其他食物也变为可能，英国之前在食物上的漠视正在被新的热情所替代。
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