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zabbix数据库优化

zabbix数据库优化

作者: 码农小光 | 来源:发表于2020-09-26 01:31 被阅读0次

    来自:51CTO博客,作者:AIOPS_DBA
    链接:https://blog.51cto.com/wangwei007/2458114

    MySQL版本推荐

    MySQL5.7及以上版本,便捷的在线DDL方便zabbix的快速升级 链接数据库方式:zabbix的server、proxy、MySQL数据库尽量使用域名方式连接,方便进行故障切换。

    zabbix数据库的授权

    读写权限,用作zabbix自身访问:

    grant all privileges on zabbix. to 'zabbix'@'1.1.1.1' identified by'zabbix';
    

    只读权限,用作二次开发只读zabbix数据库:

    grant SELECT on zabbix. to 'zabbix_ro'@'1.1.1.1' identified by'zabbixro';
    

    MySQL配置文件需要调整的几个重要参数

    innodb_log_files_in_group =16
    innodb_log_file_size =1G
    innodb_file_per_table =1
    max_allowed_packet =64M
    back_log =1024
    max-connections =2000
    sync_binlog =0
    innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit =0
    binlog_format = row
    expire_logs_days =3
    

    巧用SQL语句运维zabbix

    使用SQL语句更新监控项或是触发器,提升变更效率,减少对数据库影响:

    update zabbix.items set delay=5where key='icmpping';
    update zabbix.items t,zabbix.functions f set f.parameter='30'where f.itemid=t.itemid and t.key='agent.ping'
    

    巧用读写分离和负载均衡

    在做二次开发时,为避免对线上监控server端的影响,尽量使用独立的数据库从库读取数据(可能有大量通过API读取历史数据库等只读操作),需要一个只读的api接口,此时需要做zabbix数据库读写分离,可以在从库上过滤掉几张表,打开从库的写权限,这几张表主要用作用户登录的审计、session的记录,否则可能登录失败,:

    replicate-wild-ignore-table =zabbix.auditlog
    replicate-wild-ignore-table =zabbix.sessions
    replicate-wild-ignore-table =zabbix.ids
    

    同时zabbix web_api做负载均衡的时候,请使用IP hash的方式,因为涉及到session的问题。

    zabbix升级注意事项

    做zabbix的升级,其实是做zabbix数据库库表的变更,可能包含表结构的表更、索引的变更、数据的重组等操作,此时需要做一套新的数据库集群作为线上集群的存库存在,等数据同步完成,断掉同步,使用新的zabbix server程序连接新的数据库集群完成升级,升级完成后切换线上zabbix server、数据库域名到新的server和新的数据库上,这样能最低限度影响正常的监控。

    数据库备份和数据清理

    备份主要信息即可,监控数据和审计日志、events不需要备份,数据量太大。历史数据的删除:包含监控历史详情数据和趋势数据,使用分区的方式进行删除;另外events表也要定时的清理,使用主键进行清理,保留5天左右的即可,并需要定期的进行碎片整理,否则监控大屏显示会逐步变慢。

    zabbix server历史数据和趋势数据分区

    分区sql脚本下载地址:https://www.zabbix.org/wiki/Docs/howto/mysql_partition 为历史表分区做准备。zabbix2.0/3.0 only,3.2以上的版本不需要执行

    ALTER TABLE history_text DROP PRIMARY KEY, ADD INDEX (id), DROP INDEX history_text_2, ADD INDEX history_text_2 (itemid, id);
    ALTER TABLE history_log DROP PRIMARY KEY, ADD INDEX (id), DROP INDEX history_log_2, ADD INDEX history_log_2 (itemid, id);
    

    在server的配置文件中设置HousekeepingFrequency=0,禁用zabbix自带的清理历史数据任务 设置历史监控数据表中的时间字段为索引,方便后续按照时间取值二次开发

    ALTER TABLE history ADD INDEX clock (clock);
    ALTER TABLE history_log ADD INDEX clock (clock);
    ALTER TABLE history_str ADD INDEX clock (clock);
    ALTER TABLE history_str_sync ADD INDEX clock (clock);
    ALTER TABLE history_sync ADD INDEX clock (clock);
    ALTER TABLE history_text ADD INDEX clock (clock);
    ALTER TABLE history_uint ADD INDEX clock (clock);
    ALTER TABLE history_uint_sync ADD INDEX clock (clock);
    ALTER TABLE trends ADD INDEX clock (clock);
    ALTER TABLE trends_uint ADD INDEX clock (clock);
    ALTER TABLE EVENTS ADD INDEX objectid (objectid,VALUE,clock);
    

    如果存在这五个存储过程则删除

    DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS partition_create;
    DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS partition_drop;
    DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS partition_maintenance;
    DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS partition_maintenance_all;
    DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS partition_verify;
    

    第一次执行存储过程

    CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');
    
    inser to crontab 每天执行一次存储过程,生成新的分区和删除老的分区
    #!/bin/sh
    /xxxxx/mysql/bin/mysql -uzabbix -pzabbixmonitor --socket=/xxxx/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock --database=zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');"
    

    存储过程详情如下:

    / partition_create /
    
    DELIMITER $$
    CREATE PROCEDURE partition_create(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), PARTITIONNAME VARCHAR(64), CLOCK INT)
    BEGIN
    /
    SCHEMANAME =The DB schema in which to make changes
    TABLENAME =The table with partitions to potentially delete
    PARTITIONNAME =The name of the partition to create
    /
    /
    Verify that the partition does not already exist
    /
    
        DECLARE RETROWS INT;
        SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
        FROM information_schema.partitions
        WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND partition_description >= CLOCK;
    
        IF RETROWS =0 THEN
    /*
    1.Print a message indicating that a partition was created.
    2.Create the SQL to create the partition.
    3.Execute the SQL from#2.
    */
                SELECT CONCAT("partition_create(", SCHEMANAME,",", TABLENAME,",", PARTITIONNAME,",", CLOCK,")") AS msg;
                SET @SQL= CONCAT('ALTER TABLE ', SCHEMANAME,'.', TABLENAME,' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME,' VALUES LESS THAN (', CLOCK,'));');
                PREPARE STMT FROM @SQL;
                EXECUTE STMT;
                DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
    END IF;
    END$$
    DELIMITER ;
    
    / partition_drop /
    
    DELIMITER $$
    CREATE PROCEDURE partition_drop(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE BIGINT)
    BEGIN
    /
    SCHEMANAME =The DB schema in which to make changes
    TABLENAME =The table with partitions to potentially delete
    DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE =Delete any partitions with names that are dates older than this one (yyyy-mm-dd)
    /
    DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE;
    DECLARE drop_part_name VARCHAR(16);
    
    /*
    Get a list of all the partitions that are older than the date
    in DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE.All partitions are prefixed with
           a "p", so use SUBSTRING TO get rid of that character.
    */
        DECLARE myCursor CURSOR FOR
                SELECT partition_name
                FROM information_schema.partitions
                WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND CAST(SUBSTRING(partition_name FROM 2) AS UNSIGNED)< DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE;
        DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done= TRUE;
    
    /*
    Create the basics forwhen we need to drop the partition.Also, create
    @drop_partitions to hold a comma-delimited list of all partitions that
           should be deleted.
    */
        SET @alter_header= CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME,".", TABLENAME," DROP PARTITION ");
        SET @drop_partitions="";
    
    /*
    Start looping through all the partitions that are too old.
    */
        OPEN myCursor;
        read_loop: LOOP
                FETCH myCursor INTO drop_part_name;
                IF done THEN
                        LEAVE read_loop;
    END IF;
                SET @drop_partitions= IF(@drop_partitions="", drop_part_name, CONCAT(@drop_partitions,",", drop_part_name));
    END LOOP;
        IF @drop_partitions!="" THEN
    /*
    1.Build the SQL to drop all the necessary partitions.
    2.Run the SQL to drop the partitions.
    3.Printout the table partitions that were deleted.
    */
                SET @full_sql= CONCAT(@alter_header,@drop_partitions,";");
                PREPARE STMT FROM @full_sql;
                EXECUTE STMT;
                DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
    
                SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME,".", TABLENAME) AS `table`,@drop_partitions AS `partitions_deleted`;
        ELSE
    /*
    No partitions are being deleted, so printout"N/A"(Not applicable) to indicate
                   that no changes were made.
    */
                SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME,".", TABLENAME) AS `table`,"N/A" AS `partitions_deleted`;
    END IF;
    END$$
    DELIMITER ;
    
    / partition_maintenance /
    DELIMITER $$
    CREATE PROCEDURE partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32), TABLE_NAME VARCHAR(32), KEEP_DATA_DAYS INT, HOURLY_INTERVAL INT, CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS INT)
    BEGIN
    DECLARE OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE VARCHAR(16);
    DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
    DECLARE LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP INT;
    DECLARE CUR_TIME INT;
    
        CALL partition_verify(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, HOURLY_INTERVAL);
        SET CUR_TIME = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(),'%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00'));
    
        SET @__interval=1;
        create_loop: LOOP
                IF @__interval> CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS THEN
                        LEAVE create_loop;
    END IF;
    
                SET LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP = CUR_TIME +(HOURLY_INTERVAL *@__interval*3600);
                SET PARTITION_NAME = FROM_UNIXTIME(CUR_TIME + HOURLY_INTERVAL *(@__interval-1)*3600,'p%Y%m%d%H00');
                CALL partition_create(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP);
                SET @__interval=@__interval+1;
    END LOOP;
    
        SET OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE=DATE_FORMAT(DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL KEEP_DATA_DAYS DAY),'%Y%m%d0000');
        CALL partition_drop(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE);
    END$$
    DELIMITER ;
    
    / partition_verify /
    DELIMITER $$
    CREATE PROCEDURE partition_verify(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), HOURLYINTERVAL INT(11))
    BEGIN
    DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
    DECLARE RETROWS INT(11);
    DECLARE FUTURE_TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP;
    
    /*
    *Checkif any partitions exist for the given SCHEMANAME.TABLENAME.
    */
        SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS
        FROM information_schema.partitions
        WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND partition_name IS NULL;
    
    /*
    *If partitions donot exist, go ahead and partition the table
    */
        IF RETROWS =1 THEN
    /*
    *Take the current date at 00:00:00and add HOURLYINTERVAL to it.Thisis the timestamp below which we will store values.
    *Webegin partitioning based on the beginning of a day.Thisis because we don't want to generate a random partition
    * that won't necessarily fall in line with the desired partition naming (ie: if the hour interval is 24 hours, we could
    *end up creating a partition now named "p201403270600"when all other partitions will be like "p201403280000").
    */
                SET FUTURE_TIMESTAMP = TIMESTAMPADD(HOUR, HOURLYINTERVAL, CONCAT(CURDATE()," ",'00:00:00'));
                SET PARTITION_NAME = DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(),'p%Y%m%d%H00');
    
    --Create the partitioning query
                SET @__PARTITION_SQL= CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME,".", TABLENAME," PARTITION BY RANGE(`clock`)");
                SET @__PARTITION_SQL= CONCAT(@__PARTITION_SQL,"(PARTITION ", PARTITION_NAME," VALUES LESS THAN (", UNIX_TIMESTAMP(FUTURE_TIMESTAMP),"));");
    
    --Run the partitioning query
                PREPARE STMT FROM @__PARTITION_SQL;
                EXECUTE STMT;
                DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
    END IF;
    END$$
    DELIMITER ;
    
    / partition_maintenance_all /
    DELIMITER $$
    CREATE PROCEDURE partition_maintenance_all(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32))
    BEGIN
    CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME,'history',28,24,14);
    CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME,'history_log',28,24,14);
    CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME,'history_str',28,24,14);
    CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME,'history_text',28,24,14);
    CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME,'history_uint',28,24,14);
    CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME,'trends',730,24,14);
    CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME,'trends_uint',730,24,14);
    END$$
    DELIMITER ;
    

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