随着业务发展，底层数据量越来越大，业务逻辑也日趋复杂化，某些接口耗时也越来越长，这时候接口就需要进行性能优化了，当然性能优化主要跟业务相关涉及改造点可能各不相同，这里就来介绍异步调用多个接口减少响应时间
适用条件
- 调用多个独立的接口，接口间无相互依赖关系
- 非耗时最大的接口占总耗时比重较大
优化前调用方式
优化前的代码按照顺序调用方式：
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
public class DemoTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
int processA = new InterfaceA().process();
int processB = new InterfaceB().process();
int result = processA + processB;
log.info("执行结果：{} 耗时：{}", result, System.currentTimeMillis() - beginTime);
}
@Slf4j
public final static class InterfaceA {
Integer result = 1;
public int process() {
long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("InterfaceA.process Exception");
}
log.info("执行接口InterfaceA.process 耗时：{}ms", System.currentTimeMillis() - beginTime);
return result;
}
}
@Slf4j
public final static class InterfaceB {
Integer result = 1;
public int process() {
long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("InterfaceB.process Exception");
}
log.info("执行接口InterfaceB.process 耗时：{}ms", System.currentTimeMillis() - beginTime);
return result;
}
}
}
执行结果：
21:40:17.603 [main] INFO DemoTest$InterfaceA - 执行接口InterfaceA.process 耗时：2002ms
21:40:19.612 [main] INFO DemoTest$InterfaceB - 执行接口InterfaceB.process 耗时：2001ms
21:40:19.613 [main] INFO DemoTest - 执行结果：2 耗时：4018
优化后调用方式
优化后的代码按照异步调用方式：
import cn.hutool.core.thread.ThreadFactoryBuilder;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.Future;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@Slf4j
public class DemoTest {
private static ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
5,
5,
60,
TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(1000),
ThreadFactoryBuilder.create().setNamePrefix("线程名称-").build()
);
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
List<Future<Integer>> futures = new ArrayList<>(2);
List<Integer> results = new ArrayList<>(2);
futures.add(pool.submit(() -> new InterfaceA().process()));
futures.add(pool.submit(() -> new InterfaceB().process()));
for (Future<Integer> item : futures) {
results.add(item.get());
}
int result = results.get(0) + results.get(1);
log.info("执行结果：{} 耗时：{}", result, System.currentTimeMillis() - beginTime);
}
@Slf4j
public final static class InterfaceA {
Integer result = 1;
public int process() {
long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("InterfaceA.process Exception");
}
log.info("执行接口InterfaceA.process 耗时：{}ms", System.currentTimeMillis() - beginTime);
return result;
}
}
@Slf4j
public final static class InterfaceB {
Integer result = 1;
public int process() {
long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("InterfaceB.process Exception");
}
log.info("执行接口InterfaceB.process 耗时：{}ms", System.currentTimeMillis() - beginTime);
return result;
}
}
}
执行结果：
22:03:43.180 [线程名称-1] INFO DemoTest$InterfaceB - 执行接口InterfaceB.process 耗时：2004ms
22:03:43.180 [线程名称-0] INFO DemoTest$InterfaceA - 执行接口InterfaceA.process 耗时：2004ms
22:03:43.190 [main] INFO DemoTest - 执行结果：2 耗时：2020
此方式还可以结合CompletionService可实现异步任务和执行结果分离，大家可以自行搜索实践
强大的CompletableFuture JDK1.8
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
@Slf4j
public class DemoTest {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
CompletableFuture<Integer> interfaceFuturesA = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> new InterfaceA().process());
CompletableFuture<Integer> interfaceFuturesB = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> new InterfaceB().process());
CompletableFuture<List<Integer>> future = CompletableFuture
.allOf(interfaceFuturesA, interfaceFuturesB)
.thenApply((none) -> {
List<Integer> dataList = new ArrayList<>(2);
try {
dataList.add(interfaceFuturesA.get());
dataList.add(interfaceFuturesB.get());
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("执行异常");
}
return dataList;
}).exceptionally(e -> Lists.newArrayList());
int result = future.get().get(0) + future.get().get(1);
log.info("执行结果：{} 耗时：{}", result, System.currentTimeMillis() - beginTime);
}
@Slf4j
public final static class InterfaceA {
Integer result = 1;
public int process() {
long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("InterfaceA.process Exception");
}
log.info("执行接口InterfaceA.process 耗时：{}ms", System.currentTimeMillis() - beginTime);
return result;
}
}
@Slf4j
public final static class InterfaceB {
Integer result = 1;
public int process() {
long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("InterfaceB.process Exception");
}
log.info("执行接口InterfaceB.process 耗时：{}ms", System.currentTimeMillis() - beginTime);
return result;
}
}
}
执行结果：
22:31:44.822 [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-5] INFO DemoTest$InterfaceB - 执行接口InterfaceB.process 耗时：2005ms
22:31:44.822 [ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-3] INFO DemoTest$InterfaceA - 执行接口InterfaceA.process 耗时：2002ms
22:31:44.831 [main] INFO DemoTest - 执行结果：2 耗时：2027
优化时注意点
- 使用线程池防止内存溢出风险
- 执行结果容器可自行根据需要设置
- 接口粒度可根据实际业务情况组合和拆分
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